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Automatic sprinkler systems are classified into 5 basic types, namely:
• Wet Pipe
• Dry Pipe
• Deluge
• Preaction
o Non-Interlock System
o Single Interlock System
o Double Interlock System
• Antifreeze
In the wet pipe system, the pipes are filled with water with a fusible link on a sprinkler. When a fire ignites in the system, a series of actions take place; the temperature reaches the threshold level; it fuses, and water starts coming out from the sprinkler. It’s one of the most economical sprinkler systems.
In the dry pipe system, the pipes are filled with air or nitrogen. When the sprinkler fuses, the air or nitrogen releases from the system followed by the opening of the dry pipe valve allowing the water to reach the system.
Deluge system consists of a smoke detector. It sends a signal to the control panel when the smoke detector goes into the alert state. A series of actions occur which result in the opening of the deluge valve. Once the valve is open, the water starts flowing from each sprinkler. This system is often used in highly dangerous regions.
The preaction sprinkler is classified into 3 types. The single and double interlock systems are the most widely used systems and are intended to eliminate unintended hydrocarbon releases. Non-interlock is commonly used in dry areas where maintaining a constant temperature is not possible.
The antifreeze system is somewhat archaic and consists of an antifreeze solution. This solution is placed in water and it prevents freezing. This sprinkler is usually used in freezing conditions below 40.
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