After running Khwarezm-Shah Muhammad to his death and bringing havoc through the Caucasus, Mongol generals Jebe Noyan and Subutai Ba'atar returned to the Eurasian steppe, where they have their first encounter with a European army. The battle of the Kalka River, 1223, was the first engagement between Mongols and Russians (alongside Cuman-Qipchaqs), a prelude to the later Mongol conquest of Russia and invasion of Europe.
Alongside the battle, we also have a look at the matter of a Venetian-Mongol alliance, and the death of Jebe Noyan.
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Jebe and Subutai: Pursuit of the Shah and the Caucasus: https://youtu.be/Q-vJU_cIiL0
PRIMARY SOURCES:
The Chronicle of Novgorod 1016-1471. Translated by Robert Michell and Nevill Forbes. Camden Third Series: London, 1914.
http://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/rus/texts/MF1914.pdf See pages 65-66.
Chronicle of Novgorod in Russian: http://litopys.org.ua/novglet/novg06.htm
Galician-Volnyian Chronicle in Russian: http://litopys.org.ua/ipatlet/ipat32.htm
Ibn al-Athir discusses the Kalka episode, as does the Galician-Volnyian Chronicle, but I was unable to access either in this research.
SECONDARY SOURCES:
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Buell, Paul. “Sübȫtei Ba’atur (1176-1248)” in In the Service of the Khan: Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period
(1200-1300). Edited by Igor de Rachewiltz, Hok-lam Chan, Hsiao Ch’i-ch’ing and Peter W. Geier, 13-26. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1993.
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Pow, Stephen. “The Last Campaign and Death of Jebe Noyan.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 27 no.1 (2017): 31-51.
Robbert, Louise Buenger. “Rialto Businessmen and Constantinople, 1204-1261.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 49 (1995): 43-58.
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