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Entrevista con Claudia Patricia Carrión Sánchez, coordinadora del Observatorio de los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas de Colombia y autora del más reciente informe sobre la violencia que afecta a culturas como la Awá en Nariño.
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00:06Welcome to Interviews with the Viewer, my guest today is Claudia Patricia Carrión Sánchez,
00:11Human Rights and Peace Coordinator of the National Indigenous Organization of Colombia.
00:16Welcome Claudia.
00:17Thanks a lot.
00:19I invited her because I'm very interested in getting her perspective now that the report has been published.
00:25Human Rights reports from the last three years on the violence affecting indigenous peoples in Colombia.
00:31But first I'd like to know about all the prior research she's done, which has led her to specialize in these topics
00:39indigenous people.
00:40I see that he completed a doctorate in Political and Social Sciences at the Autonomous University of Mexico.
00:45Why did the indigenous issue interest her so much? How did that interest arise? And why has she dedicated 20 years to it?
00:51To this?
00:52I have always been curious about how people are governed, what self-governance is like within indigenous communities.
01:02This autonomy, these forms of self-government, this self-determination is what has led me to delve deeper into anthropology
01:11of the State.
01:12The anthropology of the state, the ways in which communities exist, their power, their distribution of power, their forms of
01:20government.
01:21Because we are generally very used to thinking only in terms of that Western representative democracy.
01:29Sure. And why did that doctoral thesis focus on the indigenous people of the border with Ecuador?
01:36Why did he choose that place?
01:38For 20 years I have worked on the Colombian-Ecuadorian border and also with its first and second level organizations.
01:50In that thesis I specifically compare the perspectives of plurinationality of Ecuarrunari, the Organization of the Ecuadorian Highlands,
02:00and the CRI, the Organization, the Regional Indigenous Council of Cauca, at a crucial moment for Ecuador,
02:09where he could, he made the constitution, a reform with the Montecristi constitution,
02:16And at that very moment, the entire implementation of these new, non-universal forms of government was underway.
02:23but they allow us to think of nations within modern states.
02:28Of course. And reaching that point is also a life decision.
02:32What is it in her roots that led her to dedicate her life to indigenous issues?
02:38Well, for a very long time my grandfather lived on the border with Venezuela,
02:50specifically in Mérida, going through a rather difficult situation,
02:54And that initially led me to think of borders as permeable issues.
03:00My grandfather remained in the Mérida prison for more than 30 years.
03:04And this led me to think that those borders and what happens there can limit access to
03:11justice,
03:12limiting what it means to be within those figures that we have called Nation-States,
03:18and when it is transferred to another place, because they are thought to be absolute dividing lines,
03:25The permeability within them and all the human rights violations that occur there are not taken into account.
03:31borders.
03:32Initially I was interested in the Venezuelan border and then I specialized in the Colombian-Ecuadorian border.
03:40Of course. There is a very important indigenous culture on the Colombian-Ecuadorian border.
03:44What is the UA? Why has it become so interested in that culture?
03:48Well, I've been working with the UA indigenous people for over 7 years,
03:53My particular interest, in addition to the border issue, has been the strong historical impacts.
04:00We are talking about the Barbacoas area, an area exploited by mining,
04:05After 30, an area exploited by logging companies.
04:10"Nowadays" is a relative term, but it dates back to the 1960s where an oil pipeline crosses.
04:18also hydrocarbons, agrofuels such as palm oil
04:24and all these economies revolve around interests that generate violence,
04:31which, combined with state neglect, create a permeable border, as all borders are.
04:41But a special border that is devastating a specific culture, that of the Agua people.
04:46Yes. And why did these studies lead them to a doctoral stay at the Institute of Latin American Studies?
04:52Teresa Lozano from the University of Texas at Austin?
04:55Well, the Teresa Lozano Institute is one of the most important or recognized institutes in Latin American studies.
05:06I think the most important thing for me is that the Nettie Libenson Library holds great reports,
05:19great historical books that help us understand much about the indigenous world,
05:26such as the publications of the Summer Institute of Linguistics,
05:31such as Gabriel García Márquez's own collection,
05:36Well, they hold a vast bibliography that makes it one of the most important centers for Latin American studies in the world.
05:43Of course. And that's where it connects with his book.
05:47You are writing a book about the autonomy of indigenous peoples based on the indigenous culture of the Pastos,
05:52TRUE?
05:52Yes, of course. That book represents one of the reflections on the permeability of the State at its borders.
06:04That's not new, that's colonial, republican, like it has been for some time, let's put it that way.
06:12That figure did not exist, that figure of the State institution did not exist in these regions.
06:17but the role of public administration was occupied, let's say, by the landowner, the rubber tapper, the businessman.
06:26And this book specifically focuses on the contemporary situation of the Colombian-Ecuadorian border,
06:33along its 530 kilometers, and where there is something very interesting, which is a transnational moorland that gives us water to
06:42Many of us,
06:44but it's not seen in that holistic way; rather, it's as if those mountains and that volcanic crossroads
06:52from the Pasture Node
06:53It should be a brick wall, because that's not how nature works.
06:57Therefore, we need to understand how that moorland is governed and how nature is governed in order to understand it.
07:04And those are the forms of power specific to indigenous peoples; that book reflects that.
07:09Of course, and I was very interested in the mythological aspect, right? What is Juanchiles and what is Yahuarana?
07:16Of course, that is one of the founding myths of the indigenous Pastos people.
07:21In fact, one of its most representative leaders, who was also a senator, the Taita of Frente Arapués,
07:27He is one of the driving forces behind these processes of binationality, now transnationality,
07:34or even more advanced, a plurinationality that Ecuador does contemplate.
07:40This binational recognition begins, let's say, with a strong push from culture, right?
07:46That is, everything that happened before the state delimitation, the republican delimitation,
07:53and it is driven by these myths of the law of origin, rather than myths of the law of
07:57origin,
07:58of their own law, of natural law, how these territories were governed.
08:03So, that legend is part of the origin law of how, for example, the Chiles volcano was governed, right?
08:11Which still retains its name today.
08:12Well, and how did you get there? After studying, I also went through the Higher School of Public Administration,
08:19For example, how did you get to ONIC and how did you come to coordinate the Human Rights and Peace Observatory?
08:27Well, I returned to the country in 2016, permanently, I was always going back and forth for my studies abroad.
08:36In 2016, following the Peace Agreement, which generated something very important for all indigenous peoples,
08:44which is the ethnic chapter, which is a specific look at indigenous peoples in the Final Agreement of
08:51Peace,
08:52and had always been linked to the defense of the rights of peoples,
08:57because of my work, let's say, on the border, because of my work with indigenous peoples,
09:01and always linked to different organizations.
09:04I started working there with organizations in Bichada, in Selva Matabel, in Tolima,
09:12with different towns, Icuán and Sáliva,
09:16And throughout that journey I was always linked to regional organizations.
09:21And it has been a year since Councilor Ríder Páinas Tacuás assumed the position of Councilor for the Rights of the Peoples
09:30Indigenous people,
09:31Human Rights and Peace of the National Indigenous Organization of Colombia,
09:35I joined the organization, although I had already had a short stint in 2017,
09:40throughout the consultation of the final agreement in the process called Fast Track.
09:47Of course, and that's where it catches my attention that they've just published the Human Rights Report for the last three
09:52years,
09:53and they specifically mention 1,210 violations related to human rights,
10:00And the place where the situation is most serious is precisely the border with Ecuador.
10:07How can we explain this report and what is its scope?
10:10The Human Rights Report that we have just published describes what war entails.
10:20in the context of economies.
10:24We show some specific corridors, the geostrategic route corridor between Colombia and Ecuador,
10:32of economies that remain the same today, barbecues, gold,
10:36But everything that was at the arrival of the first printing press in our country remains just that.
10:41In other words, an interest in mining, and an interest in mining that is present there,
10:45And today, there is an interest in mining among the different armed groups.
10:50Similarly, an interest in crops and illicit crops,
10:57and through the collective lands of indigenous peoples where these illicit crops may be possible.
11:03So, indeed, that corridor becomes very strategic.
11:09Similarly, the Arauca-Catatumbo corridor, which has strong vested interests,
11:15Hydrocarbon interests, you will know that oil pipelines become highly desirable points
11:23by armed actors, because of what the transformation of the coca leaf implies,
11:27This includes gasoline, the installation of illegal valves, and the use of natural resources.
11:34And another area that is of great concern to us is Urabá,
11:38Urabá Chocuano and Urabá Antioqueño.
11:41These are like corridors that represent very large natural resources,
11:47and where today armed groups like Comuneros del Sur,
11:51the National Coordinator, the Second Marquetalia, the Gaitanista army,
11:57because it has a significant presence.
12:00We just had the displacement of 500 authorities on November 1st.
12:09and part of indigenous communities in Uquichocó.
12:12But this is not new, it's constant.
12:15In Catatumbo, the phenomenon of recruitment in indigenous communities is also very, very serious.
12:21At this time it can be said that apart from the targeted killings that continue to occur,
12:26Last week, for example, there was a case in the Sierra Nevada.
12:29Is the forced recruitment, including of minors, aggravated at this time?
12:34Yes, from the Department of Human Rights and Peace we have identified new forms of use and exploitation of minors.
12:45At another time, the phenomenon of recruitment was seen as that of an underage child,
12:52of forced recruitment, which they extracted from a community, which they extracted and took to the armed group.
12:57At this moment we are talking about intra-community recruitment,
13:01where the minor is recruited through promises and multiple strategies
13:09and this minor remains fulfilling a function within the community,
13:13which is the weakening of self-government.
13:17In many cases they are speakers of an indigenous language,
13:19Then that allows them to become that connecting bridge,
13:22regulate internal conflicts of justice and conflicts within the community, family.
13:30It ends up being something much more serious for the community because it generates internal tension.
13:38And it's not just about armed activism in different armed groups,
13:42but rather it is created by generating internal disharmony and balancing conflicts and judging conflicts,
13:49interfering in their own government, in an assembly,
13:52interfering in how conflicts are regulated through their own justice system,
13:56then it disrupts communities in a more aggressive way.
13:59Of course, that's where I was particularly impressed, in the case of the Hua culture.
14:05It says verbatim,
14:06The indigenous Hua people's reserves show restrictions on mobility,
14:10threats, presence of antipersonnel mines,
14:13disruptions to schools and difficulties in obtaining food.
14:17What do you know about the territory? What is that?
14:21How would you describe what that indigenous community, and others of course, are experiencing today?
14:26This community, as I mentioned, is located on the Colombian-Ecuadorian border,
14:32has very serious mobility problems.
14:35It is a semi-nomadic people whose method of obtaining food is hunting, fishing,
14:43But if we turn to them for hunting in a minefield,
14:48because the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights already has precautionary measures in place
14:52precisely because they keep their territory mined,
14:55In other words, they can't walk where they'd like to.
14:58And in addition, mining has contaminated many water sources.
15:05hydrocarbons, because recently the Constitutional Court also
15:09generated sentence 390 where it is evident
15:12all the hydrocarbon pollution in its water sources
15:15He is left without mobility and without a means of subsistence.
15:19This then generates, and the Court already foresaw it in ruling 004 of 2009,
15:24the danger of physical and cultural extermination for this people
15:28And I would venture to say that the next largest town in terms of numbers,
15:30because sometimes the numbers don't tell us everything,
15:33He is from the Barí people, settled in the Catatumbo region.
15:36the La Gavarra area, the Tibú area,
15:38with serious effects also on its territory
15:41And despite having received sentences,
15:42It has not managed to develop or recover its territory.
15:46When we talk about the Agua people and the Barí people,
15:48Approximately how many people are we talking about?
15:52We're talking about approximately the town of Agua,
15:54It is a binational town that is also located in Ecuador,
15:58So we're talking about some 46,000 people on the Colombian side.
16:03And what about the Bari people?
16:04I wouldn't have that figure with the population.
16:06But it is also a border.
16:07A large population with Venezuela and has,
16:10although they are different dynamics,
16:11We're talking about oil, about natural resources,
16:15of extractive interests, of routes that can go abroad.
16:19In that sense, you were now talking about runners.
16:24The findings from the Pacific corridor are impressive.
16:27because after Nariño comes Valle del Cauca,
16:30that whole area that is like second in reported cases,
16:35and then the Chocó.
16:37What is happening in those areas and which communities are affected?
16:40At that time, in Valle del Cauca,
16:42The most affected people are the Nasa people,
16:44the Embera people,
16:47and in Urabacho, Cuano and Antioqueño also the Embera people.
16:52As I mentioned,
16:53the displacements, the lockdowns in this area,
16:57They are an impressive thing.
16:58And if we add tragedy to that,
17:01because of the earthquake,
17:03They are in a very unfortunate situation.
17:05Indigenous peoples in Colombia
17:06They have called on the National Unit for Disaster Risk Management,
17:09because they were not included in the Single Registry of Victims,
17:14in the RUAF,
17:15because there was a difficulty for the mayors
17:19generate the certificate that they must generate
17:21from its Risk Management Committee,
17:23in going and doing the censuses.
17:25But since these communities are so far apart,
17:27The mayors, generally, were not allowed to enter.
17:30So, these are populations that don't even receive humanitarian aid.
17:33They received help,
17:34nor right now in housing reconstruction
17:36they will probably enter,
17:37because they were not included in the official figures
17:41for reconstruction.
17:42Clear.
17:42When they talk about those 1,210 incidents,
17:45What are they, basically?
17:46From murders to displacements?
17:49Yeah.
17:50We found a domain and a control
17:51of the indigenous authorities
17:53through individual and collective threats.
17:56We found displacements,
17:57we found confinement
17:59and more subtly, recruitment,
18:02that the numbers don't tell the whole story.
18:04It often implies that in the phenomenon
18:06of recruitment or enforced disappearance,
18:08People are very afraid
18:11that their relative is still alive,
18:13that your family member can be recovered,
18:15so they prefer not to report it.
18:17So, while these are smaller figures
18:19recruitment and enforced disappearance,
18:22The number of cases that occur is very high.
18:24But are they growing compared to
18:27to previous studies?
18:29Yeah.
18:30We have made a very important cut
18:34at the Human Rights Observatory.
18:362020, during the pandemic,
18:37It was a very delicate moment
18:40of the mobility of indigenous peoples,
18:41where the groups took advantage
18:44to carry out certain actions in the territory
18:46that limited mobility.
18:47But another very important peak would be 2023.
18:522023 occupied a very, very, very serious place
18:57and we are specifically concerned about 2026,
19:00which is still arriving, even though it's not finished,
19:02You will be able to see in the report,
19:04to the same figures as in 2025
19:05without the year having ended.
19:08So, yes, these are worrying figures.
19:11I invite you to consult the report
19:13on the website of the National Indigenous Organization of Colombia
19:16and you can download it.
19:18Watch some projections from our observatory.
19:20Our Human Rights Observatory
19:22It has figures from 2016
19:23and also demonstrates the lack of compliance
19:26of the agreement, of the ethnic chapter,
19:29the final agreement.
19:29Exact.
19:30And if we look back to 2016,
19:33more than 2,500 affected.
19:36Reported.
19:36What does that mean?
19:37Reported.
19:38Without underreporting.
19:39Exact.
19:40Some pretty severe effects
19:42for indigenous peoples.
19:43While it is true,
19:45Nine peace processes were initiated
19:48in the previous government.
19:50These processes generated approximately 64 agreements
19:53And those 64 agreements today,
19:57with a swift dismissal,
19:58They decided to close down through resolutions and directives,
20:01But that had an impact on the territory
20:04that we will have to reach those territories
20:08where those processes began,
20:10where those armed actors are still present
20:12and only with one approach, let's say,
20:15militaristic or securitization
20:17It will not be possible to resolve it.
20:19But were there any solutions?
20:24in those negotiations for total peace or not?
20:28Of course, negotiations took place.
20:30And there were changes that were not absolute,
20:33not all positive,
20:34nor all negative.
20:35There is a occupation of these actors
20:37in the different territory
20:39in some protected areas
20:41and indigenous communities.
20:4364 agreements were reached
20:46and I think that's the most obvious thing
20:47There is a temporary location zone.
20:49in Putumayo
20:51and a temporary location area
20:53that a first attempt at consultation was made
20:57in Mayama, in Nariño,
20:58And there are some people there.
21:01that they are surely waiting for
21:02a response
21:04And that has a big impact.
21:06for the communities.
21:07Which ethnic communities are we talking about?
21:09We are talking about the Aguá people,
21:11of the impact it had
21:12with the specific dialogue
21:14of southern communal landowners,
21:16with the guerrilla coordinator,
21:20With, there were eight dialogue processes,
21:23No?
21:23With the EMC,
21:24with the Gaitánist army,
21:29They don't come to mind...
21:30And if there is no definitive solution,
21:32Are we talking
21:33How many people are at risk?
21:35We're talking
21:36of an indigenous population
21:37which is a significant proportion
21:39of the Colombian population,
21:42which is not only
21:44indigenous population,
21:45most collective territories
21:47in Nariño,
21:4776% of the territory is ethnic,
21:50what is not an indigenous reserve
21:52It's a community council,
21:53then they are the ethnic ones
21:54in this country
21:55who really
21:57They also have to
21:59together with the peasant population
22:01to face some processes
22:03very sensitive to conflict.
22:05Clear,
22:05And you as NIC
22:07they have been able to talk
22:09with the new government
22:10to see how it goes
22:11to finish fulfilling
22:12the ethnic chapter
22:14You were right,
22:15It's already been 10 years
22:16of the peace agreement
22:17and the ethnic chapter
22:18It has pending issues.
22:20With many pending tasks
22:22the ethnic chapter,
22:23I don't think so for anyone.
22:24It's a secret
22:24what just happened
22:25with the JEP,
22:26most places
22:28that I mention
22:29has the presence
22:30in macro cases
22:3102, 04, 09,
22:33These are cases that are progressing
22:35in the JEP
22:36and that have been
22:37very important
22:38for recognition
22:39of facts
22:40or the declaration
22:40of facts
22:41that happen there,
22:42nothing more than the statement
22:43of subject
22:46collective reparations
22:47from Katsasú,
22:48which is the great territory
22:49water,
22:49It is very important
22:51as recognition
22:52rights
22:53of nature.
22:54So,
22:55that weakening
22:57has been generated
22:58and we hope,
22:59let's say,
23:00somehow
23:01that the ethnic chapter
23:02follow its implementation
23:03accordingly.
23:05So far
23:06has not existed
23:07that communication
23:08with the current government,
23:09We hope it will happen soon.
23:11that soon
23:12the table convenes
23:13permanent consultation.
23:15But if one looks
23:15the previous government
23:16where there was a lot
23:17representation
23:18of the indigenous communities,
23:19There were ministers,
23:21there were even
23:21a delegate
23:23before the United Nations,
23:24versus what is
23:26happening under this government,
23:27the outlook
23:28It's dark
23:29Or how do you see it?
23:30Well,
23:30currently
23:31have existed
23:32things that are
23:32quite worrying,
23:34Directive 06
23:35that transforms
23:36the processes
23:37prior consultation
23:38or try
23:40transform
23:41a right
23:41fundamental
23:42through
23:42of a directive
23:43to something that
23:44is inappropriate
23:45and will have to
23:46analyze
23:47in the legal light
23:48and also
23:49the attempt
23:50by generating
23:51or it was announced
23:55by the previous
23:56minister
23:57the idea
23:58to generate
23:58a system
23:59information
23:59about indigenous guards,
24:01who regulate
24:01this whole process
24:03of the systems
24:04self-protection
24:05and of the indigenous guards
24:06and of indigenous communities
24:07They are the indigenous guards
24:09but think
24:10that these people
24:10They need to have
24:11a record
24:12or be registered
24:14because it is not appropriate
24:16let's say
24:17with autonomy
24:17and self-determination
24:19that they have
24:19the peoples
24:20and indigenous communities
24:21and I opened
24:22at the moment
24:22of doors
24:24that
24:26this week
24:27fair
24:27has to enter
24:28the first draft
24:29of the development plan
24:31is expected
24:32then let him be called
24:33as announced
24:34the president
24:35because I think
24:35that in that
24:36has been
24:36quite insistent
24:37No way.
24:37enter conversation
24:39with indigenous communities
24:40about the consultation
24:41of the development plan
24:42Well, we are
24:43to that
24:43expectant
24:44so be it
24:45the permanent table
24:46He has also directed
24:47a statement
24:48where invites
24:49to dialogue
24:50and invites
24:50to the conversation
24:51within that framework
24:52and the acceleration
24:55Let's put it this way
24:56or the overlap
24:58of processes
24:58also
24:58with environmental licensing
25:00Well
25:00They are things
25:01that generate
25:02great concern
25:03But as always
25:04diplomacy
25:06the opening
25:07to dialogue
25:07of the indigenous peoples
25:08It's for that purpose.
25:09clear
25:10but recent
25:12good news
25:13It is that of the JEP
25:14that charge
25:15of 44 crimes
25:17crimes against humanity
25:18against the former FARC
25:2110 members
25:21from that dome
25:22of the former FARC
25:23against indigenous communities
25:25of the entire area
25:26from the Amazon
25:27that's good
25:27Of course, if we
25:30we accompany
25:30this
25:33presentation
25:33of this car
25:35with the magistrate
25:36Puchaina
25:37who has done
25:37Excellent work!
25:38that allows
25:40to the people
25:40Inu
25:41to the people
25:41Korean
25:42to the people
25:43Siona
25:43the possibility
25:45to know
25:46some more
25:46of the truth
25:47I think they have
25:48taught something
25:49the processes
25:49peace
25:50worldwide
25:51It's that recognition
25:52of the truth
25:54for people
25:55who have been victims
25:57It involves a moment
25:59very important
25:59of healing
26:01in the future
26:02of things
26:02that have happened
26:04and of course
26:05of what it proposes
26:07our peace agreement
26:08What is restorative?
26:09clear
26:09That's regarding the former FARC
26:11but
26:12within the report
26:13that you publish
26:16the biggest aggressor
26:18at the moment
26:19It is the second Marquetalia
26:21which are dissident groups
26:23of the FARC
26:23with more than 100
26:24notes
26:25because
26:27it is happening
26:27that phenomenon
26:28and in which areas
26:29this happens especially
26:30the facts
26:31reflected
26:32of the second Marquetalia
26:33mostly
26:34They are for the area
26:36of the southwest
26:37Colombian
26:38these events
26:40are the
26:42manifested
26:42let's say
26:43allegedly
26:44by the communities
26:46in which
26:48is limited
26:49mobility
26:50in which
26:51there are
26:53runners
26:54completely
26:56dominated
26:56not only
26:57by this group
26:58but
26:58at some point
26:59the ombudsman's office
27:00of the town
27:01warned
27:02for Nariño
27:03the presence
27:03of more than 10 groups
27:04armed
27:05and coexistence
27:06of 10 interest
27:07so strong
27:08in the territory
27:08It creates a confrontation
27:09each other
27:10where the population
27:11civil and in this case
27:12ethnic
27:13is left at the mercy
27:14of the weapons
27:16and in many places
27:17There are many kinds of magic
27:18For example
27:19in the case
27:19of the Gulf Clan
27:20For example
27:21how it impacts them
27:22to the indigenous people
27:23Urabá
27:24Urabá
27:24Chocuano
27:25and Antioquian
27:26It is one of the areas
27:27which reflects more
27:28those reports
27:29of this armed actor
27:30but
27:31I think that
27:32I insist
27:33what just happened
27:33on Nuki
27:34in Chocó
27:35demonstrates
27:36that
27:36the confrontations
27:38because of these interests
27:39of the
27:39from different groups
27:40armed
27:41generates
27:42gender
27:42a displacement
27:43of 500 people
27:46You are right to say
27:47that
27:48what's coming
27:48These are major challenges
27:50regional
27:51thinking about peace
27:52and in survival
27:53of the indigenous peoples
27:54from Colombia
27:55what does it mean
27:56in the short term?
27:57What are they going to do?
27:59To be able to move forward
28:00in what
28:01the legislation
28:02international
28:02has decreed
28:04for indigenous peoples
28:06self-determination
28:07self-determination
28:08a long time
28:09has been interpreted
28:10as separatism
28:11like some
28:13indigenous people
28:14what they want to do
28:15their own state
28:15But I think
28:17that you make progress
28:18so important
28:18like the
28:20of the constitution
28:20from Montecristi
28:21in Ecuador
28:22and the constitution
28:23from Bolivia
28:24that allow
28:25think of the idea
28:26of our countries
28:27as plurinational
28:28non-national
28:29non-unidirectional
28:31where there may be
28:32that coexistence
28:33between the difference
28:34and that coexistence
28:36allows
28:37that each town
28:38indigenous
28:39develop
28:40their own forms
28:41government
28:41and generate
28:42their own forms
28:43to take care
28:44to take care
28:44nature
28:45to administer justice
28:46to govern
28:47your territory
28:49can occur
28:50in that coexistence
28:51in modern states
28:53not only us
28:54We have differences.
28:55I think that
28:56It is well known
28:57the case
28:57of the nation
28:58SAMI
28:59for the countries
29:00Nordic
29:01that they achieve
29:02a parliament
29:03that they achieve
29:03discuss
29:04about their things
29:05about three countries
29:06in which
29:07have a presence
29:08They are states
29:09dealers
29:10that have allowed
29:11the development
29:12of their villages
29:14of their cultures
29:15and of its different
29:16forms of governance
29:17which are perhaps
29:18similar political systems
29:20equally important
29:21or equally developed
29:23than the one of
29:23the majority society
29:26Yes, there are examples.
29:27regional
29:27It catches my attention
29:28the example a lot
29:29of the community
29:30Sarayaco
29:31in Ecuador
29:31everything he has achieved
29:33at the leadership level
29:34to maintain
29:35independence
29:37and the rescue
29:39of that entire area
29:40of the Amazon
29:41in the face of interventions
29:42For example
29:43multinationals
29:44oil companies
29:44Sure, the case
29:46from Yasuní
29:46and traceability
29:48legal
29:48very important
29:49many of these towns
29:51I hadn't mentioned it.
29:53but they have
29:55regulations
29:56of car 04
29:57of our Constitutional Court
29:58They have coverage
29:59of the macro-cases
30:00of the JEP
30:01They have precautionary measures
30:02of the Inter-American Commission
30:03Human Rights
30:04They have certain cases
30:06Yamics
30:07that have been presented
30:08to the International Criminal Court
30:09so
30:09What else do we need?
30:11in order to understand
30:13that those towns
30:15They are in danger
30:16of physical extermination
30:16and cultural
30:17that have their own unique forms
30:19to take care of nature
30:21and to be able
30:23keep
30:24what the majority of society
30:25on many occasions
30:26has it not been able to preserve?
30:28Clear
30:28within that leadership
30:30that you contribute
30:31at UNIC
30:31I'm very interested
30:32the gender perspective
30:33Why is it important?
30:35the consolidation
30:36from that gender perspective
30:37in the Indigenous Organization
30:39Colombian?
30:40In the Organization
30:42National Indigenous
30:43from Colombia
30:43we maintain
30:45the approach
30:45of woman
30:46family
30:46and generation
30:47because they are families
30:49those that make up
30:50those communities
30:51and they support him
30:52to the extent
30:54to those communities
30:55collectives
30:56And this is not something
30:58novel
30:58This is pre-Hispanic
31:00which are families
31:01and the role they play
31:02women
31:03in these communities
31:04which in many cases
31:05have seen leave
31:06men
31:07to war
31:08murdered
31:09that have had
31:10what to take
31:11the spokesperson
31:12and leadership
31:12many of the cases
31:14which we represent here
31:15in it
31:17southwest
31:18on the border
31:19in the case
31:20Water
31:20These are proposals
31:21led
31:22by women
31:22that have had
31:23that consolidate
31:25to go and look for
31:26to their children
31:27missions to do
31:28recovery
31:28of his children
31:29that generate
31:30strategies
31:31prevention
31:32recruitment
31:33that be
31:34and put it
31:34forehead
31:35to what it implies
31:36keep
31:36their families
31:37Clear
31:38and you
31:39as a woman
31:40and professional
31:40what does it mean
31:41Carry that flag
31:42show it off
31:43and defend it
31:44all the time?
31:45For me
31:47means
31:48a reason
31:50of pride
31:52of thanks
31:53because the movement
31:54indija
31:55allows
31:55that we accompany him
31:57that allows
31:57that we accompany him
31:58from a knowledge
31:59technical
32:00allows
32:01that we are
32:02present
32:03from all
32:03legal advice
32:05that is offered
32:05to the communities
32:06gratitude
32:07because in the attention
32:09humanitarian
32:09required
32:10many hands
32:11for that job
32:12and sometimes
32:13those many hands
32:13are insufficient
32:15so
32:15also
32:16the friends
32:17the companions
32:19the community
32:19international
32:20They are very important
32:21to make visible
32:22what happens
32:23in the communities
32:24indigenous people
32:24and for me
32:25It's a thank you.
32:26that my hands
32:27may be
32:28useful
32:29for that process
32:30Thank you, Claudia.
32:31to come
32:31and tell us
32:32We share this
32:33Thank you
32:34Don't forget
32:35visit the page
32:36The UNIC
32:36and review the report
32:38who led
32:39Claudia Carrión
32:40Thank you
32:42for continuing
32:42Interviews
32:43The Spectator
32:44Thank you
32:50Thank you
32:51Thank you
32:51Thank you
32:51Thank you
32:51Thank you