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Turkey vs Saudi Arabia vs Iran: Who Now Owes More? 🇹🇷🇸🇦🇮🇷

Turkey, Saudi Arabia or Iran: who owes more? Government debt as % of GDP, year by year to 2026.

Turkey: 51% (2000) → 24% (2025) → 22% (2026, estimate)
Saudi Arabia: 39% (1991) → 32% (2025) → 35% (2026, estimate)
Iran: 29% (1996) → 36% (2025) → 39% (2026, estimate)

What the number means: 120% = the government owes 1.2 years of everything the country produces.
High debt is not always a crisis (Japan), but it costs interest and leaves less money for schools, roads and health.

Government debt = everything the government owes (gross debt), as a share of the country's yearly economic output (GDP). 100% = the debt equals one full year of the economy.

Terms used:
- GDP: the value of everything a country produces in a year
- IMF forecast: the International Monetary Fund's own forecast for 2026

Data: IMF World Economic Outlook - general government gross debt (% of GDP), 1980-2025; 2026: IMF estimate.

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