00:00A lo largo de la historia, la exploración espacial ha mantenido un estrecho vínculo con la tecnología militar.
00:07Un ejemplo es el telescopio Nancy Grace Roman de la NASA, cuyo espejo fue desarrollado originalmente para un satélite espía.
00:16Una muestra de cómo la tecnología concebida para fines bélicos puede tener un propósito mucho más valioso,
00:23impulsar la ciencia y ayudarnos a descubrir los misterios del universo.
00:30Durante los años de observación, Hubble continúa a revolucionarse su entender el universo.
00:35Pero lo que lo que no se ha visto todavía?
00:37La mayoría de la sky permanece a ser explorado.
00:41Este es el momento de la Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.
00:45Usando la misma sensibilidad y performance que hemos esperado desde Hubble,
00:49Roman va tener un mayor amplio de view,
00:51allowing nosotros a ver más de la sky en vez.
00:54Where Webb goes deep, Roman will go big.
00:58It starts with our field of view.
01:01At any instant, Roman will see 200 times the amount of sky that Hubble can see.
01:06But it's more than that.
01:08Roman will move and stop and be ready to take the next image very quickly.
01:13To put this into context,
01:15a survey that would take Roman one month would take a century with Hubble.
01:19So Roman doesn't just do Hubble science faster.
01:23It can address entirely new, ambitious science questions.
01:27This leads to extraordinary capabilities.
01:29That one month of Roman observations could survey the Milky Way,
01:33resulting in the detection of up to half the stars in our galaxy.
01:36Those 20 billion stars would represent a catalogue of astronomical objects
01:40much larger than any in existence today,
01:43with just one month of Roman observations.
01:47Periodically, Roman will turn its sights towards the centre of our galaxy
01:51and monitor 200 million stars in a small patch of sky every 12 minutes.
01:57But it won't only image millions of stars.
01:59It will discover tens of thousands of new exoplanets.
02:03To date, we have found over 6,000 planets beyond our solar system.
02:07With Roman, we'll find up to 40 times more.
02:10Think of this as the largest census we've ever done of other planets in our galaxy.
02:16This will not only provide critical information for how planets form,
02:20but it will also reveal more about the different kinds of planets
02:23that exist around different stars.
02:25Such information will not only help us understand the nature of other planets,
02:29but also of our own solar system.
02:33We'll be able to delve deeper into the unknown.
02:36The physical nature of dark matter and dark energy,
02:39which drive the evolution and future of our own universe,
02:42remain outstanding grand challenges in both physics and astronomy.
02:46Addressing these was a prime motivation for Roman.
02:50We'll do this in three different ways.
02:52Our universe is a very dynamic place that puts on spectacular cosmic displays every second.
02:58The problem is that these events happen very quickly and often elude our telescopes.
03:03With Roman's panoramic vision, we'll not only catch these events, but we'll see many at once.
03:09We'll see tens of thousands of supernovae and use these as markers to track the expansion of our universe.
03:16We'll map huge swaths of the sky, find billions of galaxies.
03:21We'll measure the shapes of those galaxies and use this to uncover the distribution of dark matter in our universe.
03:27By precisely measuring the position and distance of galaxies,
03:32we'll be able to create a 3D map of the universe and watch how it changes on large scales over
03:37time.
03:39We'll also be able to measure how our universe has expanded over time.
03:44These studies are even more exciting now.
03:47We're seeing hints that our standard model of the universe is incorrect.
03:50Roman will be able to confirm this and provide the data needed to explore the new phenomenon.
03:56It's really tremendously exciting.
03:58We're likely to not confirm current models, but to get to explore entirely new phenomenon for the first time.
04:07We happen to be the right mission, with the right capabilities, at the right time.
04:14Our namesake, Nancy Grace Roman, NASA's first chief astronomer, would be excited not just by how far we have come,
04:22but by where we are going.
04:24She is widely known as the mother of Hubble.
04:28Less well known is that in 1959, she was one of the first people to suggest, using a space-based
04:34observatory,
04:35to look at planets around other stars.
04:38One of the most exciting things about Roman is the discovery potential.
04:42With two billion galaxies, we'll have 2,000 objects that are one in a million.
04:47We'll be exploring patches of sky as a function of time with exquisite sensitivity.
04:52We'll find new things that go bump in the night.
04:55The most exciting science from Roman will be a surprise, something we couldn't predict,
05:00that will set the stage for the next deeper set of questions about our universe for future generations to explore.
05:12Monthly Hum goosebumps
05:14mukha
