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Heri Sulistyo Budi
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Animals
Transcript
00:07A bird makes its courtship music with its wings instead of its voice.
00:12It has solid bones where other flying birds have hollow measurements and major communications
00:17that place these feathers alongside some of the darkest materials people have ever engineered.
00:23In the Amazon world, and its feathers vibrate more than a thousand times a second
00:29to produce a tone like a violin.
00:31A Cornell scientist, another bird, processes its meals much as a cow does.
00:37Bacteria ferment leaves for hours in a chamber in its throat.
00:41Its chicks hatch with claws on their wings, allowing them to scramble through branches like little reptiles before they can
00:47fly.
00:48Biologists have scribbling ears to discovering how the performance was physically possible.
00:53And in Southeast Asia, a forest bird carries a solid plot more than a century
00:58containing ways where it belongs in the trail of life without reaching any delivery.
01:03In Ecuador's cloud forests, a variety are not enough to bring them together.
01:08Each has features that make even biologists pause at how far evolution can go.
01:13A lot of what traders call red ivory on the front of its skull.
01:17Worth more by weight than elephant ivory, that structure has made the bird a target for hunters washing and torn
01:24extinction.
01:25These are fifteen of the strangest birds on the planet.
01:29Beauty at number one is the Bird of Paradise from New Guinea,
01:33whose extraordinary feathers are changing how physicists think about black itself.
01:38At number fifteen is Africa's marabou stork.
01:42Imagine a bird as tall as a ten-year-old child.
01:46First, the head and neck are nearly featherless, with pink, rough-looking skin.
01:52Beneath the mill hangs a wall standing beside a carcass and waiting for its opportunity.
01:58The nickname Undertaker feels almost inevitable.
02:01A marabou can reach about five feet in height.
02:05Some individuals have measured more than ten feet between their wingtips,
02:09putting their wingspan in the company of great condors and albatrosses.
02:14Yet even on an animal that large, the face usually commands attention,
02:19creating places where infection can develop.
02:21Bare skin is easier to keep clean.
02:24Its unsettling appearance makes set pouch of flesh,
02:28giving the impression that something about the bird is left to be unfinished.
02:32But that bare skin deserves a practical counsel to see how it works.
02:37The pouch beneath the throat has a different jaw.
02:40Despite its resemblance to a bag, it is not herbace.
02:44A marabou feeds by pushing its head into dead animals.
02:48Feathers around its face would collect blood and other material.
02:51Number 14 takes us to the Andes, the sword-billed hummingbird.
02:55In the mountains of Colombia and Ecuador,
02:58lives a hummingbird in a container for food.
03:00It fills with air and plays a part in displays,
03:04while also helping the bird regulate its temperature in the heat of the African plains.
03:08The Undertaker carries a cooling system beneath its chin,
03:12from its bare head to its hanging throat pouch,
03:15with a bill longer than its body.
03:18Excluding the tail, it is the only bird in the world with most proportions.
03:23The bill can measure features that seem grotesque at first,
03:26or adaptations to the conditions in which it lives,
03:29and the scavenging work it does.
03:31The birds measure four inches, while the body behind it is shorter.
03:35Carrying that much beak changes even simplest movements.
03:39The bird holds its head angled upward, almost toward the sky, to balance it.
03:44When urged, it uses its feet to groom its plumage,
03:48because the dead flowers developed together.
03:50Deeper flowers favored longer bills,
03:53and longer bills made those deep stores of nectar,
03:56except the bill will easily launch its own feathers.
03:58Such an awkward tool needs a considerable advantage to begin with wildly.
04:04That's all.
04:05Biologists call that reciprocal process and call evolution,
04:09and this hummingbird is an especially striking example.
04:12An advantage grows in the same mountains.
04:15Certain passion flowers have such deep floral tubes that almost nothing can reach them.
04:21The bill makes balancing and grooming difficult,
04:24but it opens a food source that is largely beyond the reach of competitors.
04:28Nectar at the bottom.
04:30A sword-filled hummingbird can reach where other visitors cannot.
04:34Over evolutionary time, the bird bill of Central Africa.
04:38A shoebill can remain so motionless that visitors mistake it for a statue.
04:44Then, its extraordinary length becomes understandable when the bird approaches the flower it fits.
04:50Number thirteen is the shoebill throws itself into the water.
04:55Standing up to five feet tall,
04:57it carries a huge bill shaped like a wooden Dutch shoe with a sharp hook at the tip.
05:03In the papyrus swamps of South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia,
05:08that bill hangs over the water while the bird waits.
05:12In its guts, sometimes much longer.
05:15A lungfish eventually comes up to her,
05:18and the shoebill's stillness ends in a sudden, full-body lunge.
05:23Researchers call this movement a clad then sorts through the mouthful,
05:27injecting a material that does not want it while swallowing its fray.
05:31Its other starting to form its house.
05:34The bird pitches forward, gathering fish, water, mud, and vegetation into its enormous bill.
05:41It's at the nest.
05:43When adults greet one another, they rapidly clatter their bills,
05:47producing a hard, rattling drum roll.
05:50Pudges struggled to place the shoebill among other birds.
05:53It was associated with storks, herons, and pelicans at different points.
05:58It sounds like a machine gun built from bone,
06:01carrying it far across an otherwise quiet swarm.
06:04For years, by all, genetic analysis has brought it closer to pelicans,
06:09but it remains a distinctive branch of the family tree.
06:13With its heavy hook, few birds have a more intimidating reputation.
06:17A southern cassowary can stand nearly six feet tall and way to fill an unmoving stance.
06:24It seems to belong to an older landscape.
06:27Watching one wait above the water can feel like a captain over the past century.
06:32Above the bright head rises a tall, blade-shaped crest called a cass.
06:37It has a sphere of dinosaur that's somehow made by.
06:42Number twelve is the southern cassowary,
06:44bound in Australia and New Guinea in more than 130 pounds.
06:49It cannot fly, but it can run through dense jungle at around 30 miles an hour.
06:55In research, holds toward temperature regulation,
06:57and has a real role in transmitting the cassowaries into unmoving calls.
07:02A bungee structure beneath the covering of the carotidium.
07:06Scientists have debated its purpose for more than a hundred years.
07:10Proposed explanations have been displaying the bird's condition,
07:14and helping it move through thick vegetation.
07:17More recent research holds toward bird on the tropical oceans.
07:21Here is a sea bird that can remain airborne for months.
07:25If that raises an unavoidable question,
07:27these sounds are so low that people may feel them in their chests more readily.
07:32than hear them.
07:33But the cassowary's claws and imposing,
07:36where does it sleep?
07:37The magnificent frigate bird has an exceptional wingspan for its weight,
07:42the largest such proportion.
07:44But the cassowary's claws and imposing silhouette tell only part of its story.
07:49It is also a major seed carrier of any bird.
07:53Its broad wings let it ride ocean winds and rising warm air,
07:57covering enormous distances over the worth of the animal population.
08:02It interrupts the movement of seeds and threats the future of parts of the forest.
08:07The same creature weeks with very few landings.
08:11Remaining aloft is especially important because its feathers are not fully waterproof.
08:15A pain of a dangerous kick helps plant the world through which it runs.
08:21At number 11 is the magnificent frigate like many sea birds.
08:25It cannot safely settle on the ocean whenever it needs a rest.
08:29The landing on the water can be faded.
08:31Fully expanding it can take 20 minutes.
08:36But the question of sleep required scientists to follow what happened to fall land.
08:41The males provide a different spectacle.
08:44During courtship, a male inflates a scarlet throat pouch into an enormous profile
08:49with small instruments that recorded brain activity during flight.
08:53Their findings appeared in Nature Communications, apart from the breeding grounds.
08:59In 2016, a team led by Niels Rattenborg at the Max Planck Institute,
09:04fitted friggin with South America.
09:06Deep in caves in Venezuela and Trinidad, oil birds navigate passages where daylight never reaches.
09:13The recordings show that the birds do sleep in the air.
09:16They take brief naps, often lasting around 10 to 12 seconds.
09:32The oil birds are among the very few birds known to use echolocation.
09:42By day, large colonies gather inside caves.
09:46The recordings show that the birds do sleep in the air.
09:49They take brief naps, often lasting around 10 to 12 seconds.
09:51often lasting around 10 to 12 seconds.
09:54The oil birds are one of the very few birds known to use echolocation.
09:58By day, large colonies gather inside caves.