00:00The Battle for the West
00:02In the 13th century, the Mongols still held control over Eastern Europe through the Golden Horde,
00:08a powerful branch of the empire that ruled Russia, Ukraine and parts of Poland.
00:15They collected tribute from Russian princes and demanded loyalty from nearby kingdoms.
00:21But their grip was slowly loosening. The Europeans had changed.
00:26They had learned how to fight back, not with fear, but with firepower.
00:32By the 14th century, new weapons appeared on European battlefields.
00:38Crossbows, longbows, and most importantly, gunpowder.
00:44The thunder of cannons began to echo across Europe,
00:47and even the mightiest Mongol cavalry could not outrun a bullet.
00:51The Mongols, masters of horse archery, had no answer to this new weapon.
00:58Their swift attacks and hit-and-run tactics began to fail against walls of fire and iron.
01:06The same speed that once made them unstoppable was now useless against cannons and fortified cities.
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