00:00Eugenio Pacelli, born in Rome in 1876, was not a man destined for a simple life.
00:07Born into a noble family linked to the Vatican, he embraced the priesthood and quickly showed talent for diplomacy.
00:15Nunchio in Bavaria and then in Germany, he managed delicate negotiations in a tumultuous post-war Europe.
00:21He participated in drafting the Concordat Crucio, including the one with the Reich in 1933, as secretary of
00:30'State.
00:31Elected Pope Pius XII in 1939, just before the world plunged into World War II.
00:39His pontificate is inextricably linked to this conflict.
00:41Faced with the horror, he chose a path of public neutrality.
00:46arguing that a direct condemnation of the Nazis would have worsened the plight of Catholics and the persecuted.
00:53But this neutrality concealed intense humanitarian activity.
00:58Thousands of Jews were hidden in convents, monasteries and even in the Vatican.
01:03Secret aid networks were set up for refugees, providing food and shelter.
01:08He discreetly influenced diplomats to protect the victims.
01:14After the war, Pius XII continued to guide the Church in a world divided by the Cold War,
01:20denouncing communism.
01:22He proclaimed the dogma of the Assumption of Mary in 1950
01:26and modernized the Church with liturgical reforms
01:29and an internationalization of the College of Cardinals.
01:33Today, Pius XII remains a complex and controversial figure.
01:39His "silence" in the face of the Holocaust is at the heart of the debates.
01:44Was it a prudent measure to save lives through discreet actions?
01:47or a lack of moral courage?
01:50The Vatican archives, which are being gradually opened,
01:54shed light on the dilemmas of a pope who, in the midst of turmoil,
01:57attempted to navigate between diplomacy and conscience,
02:00leaving a legacy marked by millions of lives saved
02:04and persistent questions about the choices made during wartime.
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