00:00Hello there, welcome to the third episode of Putting Dr. G on the Spot in the month of September
00:07when we're dwelling into World Sexual Health Month
00:11and talking about various forms of sexually transmitted infection.
00:15On this occasion, we're going to talk about gonorrhea.
00:25G onorrhea itself has been described by the Romans and the Greeks.
00:30In fact, the word itself, gonorrhea means seeds and rhea means flow.
00:36That means that from a very, very long time ago,
00:39it's been identified that when somebody is actually infected with this type of bacteria,
00:44then itself will actually cause constant leak of pus,
00:49which is something that's thought to be a semen,
00:52that is thought to be a leakage of semen.
00:54But for many, many years, such infection was treated with antiseptics,
01:01mercury and all sorts of things without any success until the 1940s
01:06whenever antibiotics was introduced.
01:08And the person who identified the bacteria itself, gonorrhea,
01:12actually is Neisseria, and therefore the name Neisseria gonorrhea
01:17is named after the actual pathologist.
01:20So what is peculiar about this particular type of bacteria
01:23is that it's described as gram-positive diplococcus,
01:28meaning that the two bacteria itself stick to each other
01:30and also they survive inside the cell.
01:33It's called obligate intracellular bacteria.
01:37So therefore, that bacteria itself cannot be cultured
01:40and we will never find out whether what type of bacteria
01:44and what sort of resistance unless we do a PCR test.
01:47Since the introductions of antibiotics such as penicillin,
01:51the bacteria itself is extremely resilient and hard
01:54and demonstrated multi-drug resistance.
01:57So in the early stages of sulfonamide
02:00and then also other types of penicillin
02:04and even quinolone has all been phased out of this treatment.
02:08Therefore, it's emerging as super gonorrhea.
02:12And what it means is that one day
02:15we might run out of antibiotics all completely.
02:18Therefore, it is worrying
02:20because three generations of antibiotics are so useless now
02:24and increasingly tetracycline
02:26is also showing signs of resistance.
02:29Therefore, one of the few things that one needs to know
02:32is number one, the dosage needs to be right.
02:35Number two, the compliance that for the completions
02:38of the treatment needs to be accurate
02:40and therefore, such treatment of the bacteria
02:44will not really be so resistant
02:47and then treatment itself should really be more careful
02:51because otherwise, in the future,
02:53there will be super ultra gonorrhea
02:56that has no antibiotics for treatment.
02:58For the final week,
03:00we're going to talk about a different type of bacteria.
03:03It's called chlamydia.
03:05If you want to find out,
03:06stay tuned for next week's
03:07Putting Dr. G on the Spot.
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