00:02Welcome aboard ESA's Mars Express, taking you on a flight today around Skia Peretti crater.
00:11Our journey begins by flying north over the rugged cratered terrain of Mars' southern highlands.
00:18This landscape was formed more than 3.7 billion years ago, when Mars was warmer and wetter than it is
00:25today.
00:26There are clear signs that liquid water flowed over its surface.
00:35In the distance, the edge of Skia Peretti crater starts to come into view.
00:40This crater is one of the biggest on Mars, measuring almost 460 km across.
00:50But despite its width, it's a very shallow crater.
00:54It was filled in over the last few billion years, by sediment blown by the wind and deposited by water,
01:01by material from asteroid impacts, and even with lava.
01:09Our flight gently curves around Skia Peretti crater, giving us a beautiful view of its smooth interior.
01:20The smoothness is slightly broken up by ridges or wrinkles.
01:25We suspect that the crater was filled with several layers of lava, but cooled and shrank,
01:31causing the surface to buckle into these long low ridges.
01:40The dark wavy streak across the upper part of the crater is likely to be ash blown in from erupting
01:48volcanoes.
02:00Our journey ends by zooming out and seeing a more 2D image of part of Skia Peretti crater,
02:06and the rugged landscape around it.
02:20Thank you for joining us on a tour of Skia Peretti crater.
02:25See you next time, on board Mars Express.
02:45So how was this video made?
02:47Mars Express doesn't actually soar around the surface of Mars like we saw in this flyover video,
02:53though it's fun to recreate these airborne adventures.
02:57Instead, the visualizations are made by feeding images from the spacecraft's high-resolution stereo camera
03:04into a computer program.
03:07As Mars Express orbits around the red planet, its stereo camera scans the surface below.
03:14The camera simultaneously observes in different channels,
03:18which cover up to 5 different viewing angles and 4 different colours.
03:24This allows us to make images in 3D and in colour.
03:29The camera images strips of land hundreds to thousands of kilometres long,
03:34and dozens of kilometres wide.
03:37By putting these strips together, scientists can build up a 3D picture of the entire Martian landscape.
03:45To make the video, we choose a path to follow,
03:48and render the landscape along this path to create a feeling of flying over the surface.
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04:09And we'll see but go
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