00:00the supercomputer in your pocket.
00:02Discover how the tiny processors in modern smartphones
00:06hold more power than the machines that sent humanity to the moon.
00:12Imagine holding the entire universe of human knowledge
00:16and the processing power of a million rocket ships
00:20right in the palm of your hand.
00:22Look closely at your smartphone
00:25because you are not just holding a piece of glass and metal
00:29you are holding a literal supercomputer.
00:33Decades ago, the massive computers that guided the Apollo missions to the moon
00:39were the size of entire rooms and cost millions of dollars.
00:45Today the processor sitting inside your everyday phone
00:48is millions of times more powerful than those giant machines.
00:54This is the magic of modern technology
00:57and it all comes down to a tiny piece of silicon
01:01no bigger than a fingernail.
01:03Inside that tiny chip, which we call a processor
01:07or a system on a chip
01:09there are billions of microscopic transistors.
01:13These transistors act like tiny electrical switches
01:17turning on and off billions of times every single second
01:21to process information.
01:24Whenever you record a high-quality video,
01:27play a graphics-heavy game,
01:29or multitask across different heavy applications,
01:33these billions of switches are working together
01:36in perfect harmony.
01:38Companies are now shrinking these transistors down
01:41to the size of just a few nanometers.
01:44To put that into perspective,
01:47a single human hair
01:49is about 80,000 nanometers thick.
01:53Because these transistors are so incredibly small,
01:57manufacturers can pack billions of them
01:59into one tiny chip
02:01like the powerful processors
02:03that drive our most demanding mobile experiences.
02:07But power brings a massive challenge,
02:10and that is heat.
02:12When billions of tiny switches operate at lightning speed,
02:17they generate a lot of thermal energy.
02:20That is why modern processors are designed
02:23with incredible efficiency,
02:25utilizing different cores for different tasks.
02:29There are high-performance cores
02:32that wake up when you are editing a video,
02:34and high-efficiency cores
02:37that take over
02:38when you are just reading an article
02:40to save your battery life.
02:43We are living in an era
02:44where the boundary between science fiction and reality
02:48has completely vanished.
02:51The evolution of these mobile processors
02:54is accelerating at a breathtaking pace.
02:58We are already seeing artificial intelligence
03:01being integrated directly
03:03into these mobile chips,
03:05allowing your phone to learn your habits,
03:08process complex data instantly,
03:11and enhance your photos in real time.
03:15Beyond just communication,
03:18these chips are transforming
03:20how we interact with the world around us.
03:23In the fields of medicine,
03:25agriculture, and education,
03:27the ripple effects of mobile computing
03:29are changing human history.
03:31The sheer scale of manufacturing
03:34of manufacturing these chips
03:35is a modern industrial miracle.
03:38They are fabricated in ultra-clean rooms
03:41using extreme, ultraviolet light
03:44to draw microscopic patterns
03:46onto silicon wafers.
03:48It is literally drawing with light
03:50on a canvas
03:51that is too small
03:52for the human eye to see.
03:54This constant push
03:56for better, faster,
03:58and more efficient technology
03:59is what drives human progress forward.
04:03Your smartphone is a testament
04:05to human ingenuity
04:06and our endless desire
04:08to connect, understand, and explore.
04:12The journey from room-sized calculators
04:15to pocket-sized supercomputers
04:17is the greatest engineering story
04:20ever told.
04:22And we are all lucky enough
04:24to be carrying the results
04:25of that story
04:26with us every single day.
04:29Thanks for subscribing to Insight.
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