00:00Música
00:07Meu convite hoje em 12 Minutes with
00:09é Luca Parmitano, um italiano
00:11de Agencia da Europa Espacial
00:14que foi escolhido
00:16para a pilotagem de NASA
00:17a missão do Arteis 3,
00:19o próximo passo para a landing-a-mo.
00:22Bem-vindo Luca Parmitano
00:24e obrigado por nos acompanhar.
00:25Obrigado por me.
00:26Você foi o primeiro comandante
00:29na International Space Station,
00:30o primeiro comandante de Agencia da Terra,
00:32o primeiro comandante de Agencia da Terra,
00:34o primeiro comandante de Agencia da Terra,
00:37o primeiro comandante de Agencia da Terra,
00:38e agora você será o primeiro comandante
00:40a parte de uma missão do Arteis.
00:43Vamos voltar para o momento
00:45em que você recebeu a chamada
00:47dizendo que você vai ser parte
00:49dessa aventura.
00:51Sim, é muito recente,
00:54e eu não acho que
00:57eu nunca vou esquecer a momento
00:59porque
00:59essa missão não era
01:01no meu horizonte.
01:02Eu não estava
01:03pensando em um
01:05assinamento.
01:05Eu estava
01:06focusing
01:07em outro trabalho
01:09que eu estava fazendo
01:10naquela época,
01:10que estava cuidando do
01:12da Terra,
01:12que estava cuidando do
01:13da Terra Terra.
01:13de Agencia da Terra.
01:14Então,
01:14quando eu
01:15vi o número de
01:17do que
01:17era algo relacionado
01:21com isso.
01:21Então,
01:22quando eu acreditava
01:22o meu pensamento
01:24de 400 quilômetros
01:26sobre a Terra,
01:26pensando sobre
01:28a missão
01:29e quando ele me disse,
01:31que eu queria
01:32que você seja
01:34para a Terra Terra
01:35para a Terra Terra,
01:38ele não registrou
01:40por um segundo.
01:41Então,
01:42eu disse,
01:43que eu disse,
01:43que eu disse,
01:44que eu estava
01:45que eu estava
01:45desculpando.
01:46E quando ele me disse
01:47as mesmas,
01:48eu estava
01:49desculpando.
01:50E eu estava
01:54desculpando.
01:54desculpando.
01:55Eu estava
01:56desculpando.
01:58Mas também,
01:59eu estava
01:59desculpando
02:00pela missão
02:01e
02:03desculpando
02:04que nós precisamos
02:04precisávamos
02:06para conseguir
02:07isso.
02:08O Artemis
02:093 mission
02:10é set
02:10a launch
02:11em 2027.
02:12não envolvendo
02:14uma lenda.
02:15Isto,
02:16você vai ficar
02:16em low
02:17Earth Orbit
02:18para testar
02:18a tecnologia
02:19essencial
02:20para a future
02:20moon landing.
02:22Como importante
02:23é essa missão
02:24para o Programme do NASA?
02:26É bastante
02:27indispensável
02:27para diminuir
02:28o risco
02:30para a moon landing.
02:32Você,
02:33vamos ficar
02:34na Earth Orbit
02:35porque
02:36não sabemos
02:38qual o comportamento
02:38da spacecraft
02:39vai ser
02:40quando
02:40e
02:41fazendo
02:41complex
02:42manoeuvres
02:43como
02:43rejoining
02:44close proximity
02:46operations
02:47e docking
02:48com dois
02:49diferentes
02:49spacecraft.
02:51Não
02:51não
02:51não
02:51não
02:52não
02:52não
02:53não
02:53não
02:53não
02:53não
02:53não
02:53não
02:53pouxar
03:02mas
03:22que
03:23because it's something that hasn't been tested yet.
03:25So it's indispensable because once we achieve our mission,
03:32then we'll know that we can complete these actions
03:34and the next crew can focus on the actual landing on the surface.
03:40And NASA has described this mission
03:43as one of the most complex human space flights in recent history.
03:49But then what makes this mission so challenging
03:52from a technological but also from a human perspective?
03:57From a technological point of view and logistics point of view,
04:01we have three launches that have to happen in close proximity
04:05and from very different spacecraft.
04:09So the first one to launch is going to be the spacecraft from Blue Origin.
04:14It's the only one that can loiter for about 30 days,
04:17giving us a little bit of a buffer to launch with our SLS system and the Orion spacecraft.
04:25We have a limit of about 21 days of resources.
04:29So we have three weeks to launch, join up with the Blue Origin spacecraft,
04:34run the blue dock.
04:36We're going to have two astronauts going inside,
04:39and those are the technological aspects that are really complex.
04:43And then we're going to separate, fly around,
04:47check any visible effect of the docking rendezvous.
04:52And that's where we're going to have the third launch of the SpaceX vehicle.
04:57We're also going to go into Earth orbit,
04:59and we're going to perform two rendezvous and docking again manually
05:03and with automatic systems.
05:05So again, technology that's never been tested.
05:08And from a crew point of view, the spacecraft, the Orion,
05:12is only about eight or nine cubic meters.
05:15So people living in a small, close environment for up to three weeks
05:21in an environment that was not designed for the spacecraft
05:24because Orion is designed for deep space where conditions are completely different
05:28in Earth orbit.
05:29So there's a lot going on.
05:31There's a lot of training and a lot of thoughts going into what the mission
05:34is going to look like.
05:36And indeed about this training, how are you and then your other crew members
05:41getting ready for such an adventure?
05:44So our training is very complex and wonderfully different and varied.
05:49Only last week, we were at PAX River, which is the United States Naval Test Pilot School.
05:55We were there refreshing our skills as test pilots and test engineers.
06:00We flew there with two aircraft just to get refreshed on some of the techniques.
06:05Then this week, we started with several simulations.
06:09The first one in the mock-up with full suited and getting familiar with our spacesuits.
06:15And then yesterday, Andrea and I were in a six hour simulation dealing with several different
06:23malfunctions that we had to deal with together with the ground.
06:27These simulations are going to go on for the rest of the summer.
06:30And then in the fall, we're going to start working with the two landing systems
06:34so that we do complex simulation, both with the ground teams and the flight team.
06:38You sound indeed very busy and you're going into orbit, as you said, with three other astronauts from NASA.
06:45On Earth, we know that the political relationship between the EU and the US has been very tense lately.
06:52How is it in orbit?
06:53It's completely different. We don't look at what's happening at political level.
06:59We are operators. We are used to, there's an expression, to work across the aisle.
07:05We are not interested in political backgrounds or political heritage or political views or religion.
07:17We are focused on exploration, on technology, on science.
07:22We like to build bridges, not walls.
07:25And so even though this is indeed a race with a political background to go back to the moon,
07:32we as Europeans, we as Italians, we want to be strong partners of the United States in this race.
07:39And we all feel a common goal, which is that of the betterment of humankind on Earth, our life.
07:50And this is the next step. So we are joined by a common goal.
07:54And you mentioned before competition.
07:56We know that China and India are also trying to get to the moon.
08:01Is this posing any pressure, let's say, to the Artemis program?
08:07I would say so. I think there is a real race going on.
08:13There is a pressure. That's why I believe that NASA administration, a couple of months ago, made those announcements through
08:22the ignition program,
08:23where they want to accelerate the number of flights and the sequence of flights.
08:29But with that pressure comes also a positive attitude that they want to achieve it.
08:36And we as Europeans have an opportunity to be part of this.
08:40So as a staff member of the European Space Agency, I believe that it's a positive move that things are
08:48moving.
08:48NASA is targeting mid to late 2027 for Artemis III.
08:54But some experts say the timeline is kind of ambitious.
08:58What are your thoughts on this?
09:00I think it is ambitious and I think it should be ambitious.
09:03If you want to achieve complex objectives, you have to be ambitious and push hard.
09:12We are getting ready for this mission as if it's going to happen within one year.
09:18If that doesn't happen, it will not be because we are not ready.
09:23It will be because part of the system is not working at the same pace that we can put in.
09:29In a moving speech after being selected for Artemis III, you said that Italy was your launchpad
09:36and that the European Space Agency was your launch tower.
09:40What did Italy give you and what will you bring into orbit from your European identity?
09:47You have to think that when I was only 19 years old, Italy invested a lot in a young man
09:55that had big dreams.
09:57So I was able to go to the Italian Air Force Academy that gave me education, not only on paper,
10:06but also professional education.
10:08The Italian Air Force provided me with skills and a background that is very useful today in my job.
10:14But in general, the Italian system, which is a 100% free education system, gave me a lot of different
10:22tools that allowed me to continue growing as a young man, as an expert, as a professional, as a pilot.
10:29And then, as for Europeans, we have an incredible gift.
10:35People my age, we were not born Europeans, we became Europeans.
10:41This identity was desired, this identity as being a goal, something that we wanted to achieve.
10:48And so I bring that strive, I think that desire, I bring that strong feeling that this is something that
10:55I've always wanted, that we wanted as Europeans.
10:57And I bring that with me to share with everybody else.
11:00What will you miss the most when in orbit?
11:04Oh, I can already answer that question. Absolutely nothing.
11:07It's the time on orbit is limited.
11:09We all know that.
11:10Even if you go for a long duration missions, I spent 366 days in orbit on two different missions before.
11:18We know that it's borrowed time.
11:21It doesn't belong to us.
11:23So when you go on such a mission, when you have that privilege, you leave everything on the ground and
11:28knowing that you will be there.
11:30And you and you go up thinking of everything that you can get from living on orbit.
11:36So I will personally, I already know that I will not miss much.
11:40I will be looking forward to a good coffee once I land.
11:43But I would say that that's about it.
11:45Thank you very much, Luca Parmitano, for joining us on 12 minutes with and good luck for the Artemis free.
11:52Thank you.
11:53Thank you.
