- 23 hours ago
When acclaimed filmmaker Kidlat Tahimik recently returned his National Artist medallion, it was a rare and striking act of protest. He was lamenting the Commission on Higher Education's (CHED) proposed policy to cut college general education requirements from 36 units to 18–21, which critics fear could weaken the humanities, history, ethics, and arts. CHED said the plan aims to streamline these fields rather than remove them and that the proposal remains under review.
In a recent conversation, journalist Howie Severino sat down with the artist in his home garden to discuss this unprecedented move. Their discussion turned to Tahimik's own eclectic education.
Long before his pivot to art and his self-described identity as a "culture warrior," his path was remarkably diverse:
The Accidental Leader: How he "accidentally" became the UP Student Council Chairperson while majoring in speech and drama.
The Corporate Ivy: How he went on to earn an MBA from Wharton, one of the world’s leading business schools.
The Global Economist: How he cut his teeth working as an economist in Paris, where he also engaged with its vibrant arts scene.
Looking back, the filmmaker explains how this unconventional journey provided him with both a practical understanding of the globalized world and the critical, creative tools needed to challenge it.
For more information on CHED’s proposal: CHED delays reduction of college GE units
In a recent conversation, journalist Howie Severino sat down with the artist in his home garden to discuss this unprecedented move. Their discussion turned to Tahimik's own eclectic education.
Long before his pivot to art and his self-described identity as a "culture warrior," his path was remarkably diverse:
The Accidental Leader: How he "accidentally" became the UP Student Council Chairperson while majoring in speech and drama.
The Corporate Ivy: How he went on to earn an MBA from Wharton, one of the world’s leading business schools.
The Global Economist: How he cut his teeth working as an economist in Paris, where he also engaged with its vibrant arts scene.
Looking back, the filmmaker explains how this unconventional journey provided him with both a practical understanding of the globalized world and the critical, creative tools needed to challenge it.
For more information on CHED’s proposal: CHED delays reduction of college GE units
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NewsTranscript
00:02Good morning, Podmates!
00:04We are here at Kidlat Tahimik here in Quezon City.
00:10Of course, we are a national artist for film and director and filmmaker.
00:19Pero kamakailan, napabalita siya na nagsaule ng kanyang prestigyosong national artist na medallion at yung kanyang identity.
00:38Parang dinisown mo yung identity mo bilang isang national artist awardee.
00:44So Kidlat, doon natin umpisahan.
00:47So, bakit mo sinuuli yung iyong national artist medallion?
00:52Nung sinuuli ko yung medallion, which is a symbol of our being national artists,
00:59yung sinabi ng isang newspaper man, renounce.
01:02I wasn't renouncing the national artist medallion.
01:05I just said, as a protest, para bigyan ng atensyon itong problema ng,
01:10oh, we're gonna make a curriculum like they have in New York, man.
01:14Because we have to make this, at least our officials realize na,
01:21hey, this is not just making efficient the mga graduates para sa AI age.
01:28Ang laki ng presyo, the price to pay with, in terms of cultural anchors,
01:36ang laki bagay yun.
01:37So I said, and that's why I said, I can write a position paper, anybody can write a position paper.
01:43Pero to add a little flair to it, para pansinin,
01:49I surrendered my medallion.
01:51Of course, dramatic yun.
01:53But ano ba talaga yung ikinagalit mo?
01:56I mean, what were you upset about?
01:57I mean, so upset that you gave up this very prestigious status?
02:03Formed general education.
02:06Sa college level, no?
02:08Curriculum.
02:08Yung CHED.
02:09Yung Commission on Higher Education.
02:11They reduced nila yung units for general education, GE subjects.
02:17From 36 units to 18 units.
02:20Pero previously, 72 na yung, re-reduced na sa 36.
02:24Okay, okay.
02:25So, for whatever reasons, and I'm sure, they have all kinds of good reasons,
02:32when it's strictly from an argumentative.
02:36Pero pagka, on the long run, bakit natin bibitawan ating kaalaman,
02:44which still has issues today, kaalaman ng ating mga katutubo.
02:47Well, ano ba talagang nawala nung tinanggal yung mga units na yun?
02:50Okay, mga result subjects.
02:53Tinanggal ang result studies.
02:54At history, or they merge that.
02:57O, o.
02:57They downscale.
02:58I think the Filipino has been out.
03:00Tinanggal ng Pilipino.
03:03All these social sciences na, they're not part of the AI curriculum, man.
03:09So, ano yung pumalit?
03:10Yeah.
03:12They're given...
03:14Ang...
03:15Ang...
03:15It's called RGEC, no?
03:17Revraim.
03:18General Education Curriculum.
03:21Ang purpose nila is to...
03:24Sige.
03:25They say redundant na...
03:27Kasi we also have studied it in high school.
03:30But sometimes redundancy is important for reinforcement.
03:34Refreshing.
03:35Gusto nila...
03:36Sige.
03:37Let's make them so specialized that talagang kailangan sila na lang
03:40ng global market.
03:42And I think the price they pay na...
03:44Yeah.
03:45Maraming kang mapadala sa abroad na...
03:48We'll send dollars home.
03:50Pero...
03:50What do we want to send abroad?
03:52Mga robots.
03:52Mga...
03:53Ang galing mag-calcula.
03:54Ang galing mag...
03:55Econometrist calculations and statistics to make decisions.
03:59Pero...
03:59Sa akin...
04:01Ang...
04:01Kultura is also a...
04:03A kind of a cultural preno, no?
04:05Na hindi tayo...
04:07Nag-overdose or...
04:08Sa statistika.
04:10So basically yung mga nawala.
04:10Yung mga humanities...
04:11Humanities.
04:12History.
04:13Philosophy.
04:14Ethics.
04:15I think there was an ethics class.
04:15Yan ang plano nila.
04:16But okay.
04:18Can I...
04:18I'll just...
04:19I'll just...
04:20Speak up from...
04:21From the other side, no?
04:24Kasi...
04:25Baka...
04:26May mga...
04:27Magsasabi naman.
04:28Mga nanay ng mga estudyante.
04:30Mga...
04:31Manggulan ng estudyante na...
04:32You know...
04:33Of course we also value ethics and philosophy and humanities.
04:37But...
04:37My son and daughter...
04:39They need to find a job.
04:41Diba?
04:41So...
04:42How will...
04:43How will philosophy and ethics and you know...
04:45Result studies...
04:47Get my...
04:48Get my...
04:49Child a...
04:49A good job.
04:50As opposed to others who have like job ready skills.
04:53I'm not advocating for 99% heart and culture.
04:57No.
04:58I'm sorry.
04:59And...
04:59That's a minimum already to six...
05:01Whether it's 36 or 72 units.
05:04That's...
05:05That's about less than 10% of the curriculum.
05:08Why do you have to make it 99% ang...
05:11Ang...
05:11Puros mga...
05:12Statistical tools...
05:14Mathematical formulas...
05:16You know...
05:17The things that...
05:18MBAs and...
05:20Mga...
05:22Econometrists...
05:23You know...
05:23Yan palagi pambato nila.
05:25And...
05:26Unfortunately...
05:27Our...
05:28Our...
05:28The government...
05:29Like many government...
05:30Leaders are...
05:32Nasisindaksila...
05:33Sa...
05:33Sa...
05:34Sa...
05:34Sa...
05:34Sa...
05:35And that makes them...
05:37I think...
05:38Nanggaling sa EDCOM...
05:39Educational Committee ng Congress...
05:43Yung recommendations for that...
05:45And CHED was just...
05:46Carrying out...
05:48Yung...
05:49Yung...
05:49Yung bagong policy to...
05:51To...
05:51Streamline...
05:52Yung nang word nila...
05:53To streamline our...
05:54Graduates...
05:56Eh...
05:56There's a limit to that streamlining thing...
05:59Kailangan...
06:00Huwag nating...
06:02Mawala yung ating mga...
06:04Angkors...
06:05Ang ating mga...
06:06Connections...
06:08Ating...
06:08Past...
06:09Because...
06:10It's still worth...
06:11Ang daming...
06:12Kaalaman natin...
06:13That are still valuable today...
06:15No...
06:15That's the usual thing...
06:16Ah...
06:17Kaalaman ni Lola at Lola...
06:18Wala...
06:18Pa na yan...
06:19Pasay na yan...
06:20Move on...
06:21And let's just move on...
06:22With the world...
06:24Eh...
06:25Yung...
06:26Yung kaalaman naman...
06:26Ifugao...
06:27For example...
06:29Na...
06:30Bawat...
06:31Rice...
06:33Yung...
06:33Yung...
06:33Yung...
06:33Yung...
06:34Yung...
06:35Yung...
06:35Yung...
06:38Yung...
06:39Yung...
06:43Yung...
06:44Yung...
06:47Yung...
06:49Yung...
06:51Yung...
06:52Yung...
06:53Yung...
06:54Yung...
07:01It's still valuable today. Why are we just going to give it up?
07:04Because there are many people who suggest this, not the scientists in the laboratory.
07:11But that's what I taught at college. That's what I taught at college.
07:16These things I found even more because I found it in Ifugao for almost 20 years.
07:24But I got that from my mentor, Lopez Nauyak.
07:30He's an old Ifugao.
07:32And when I was there, I saw a lot of people who missed out because I was educated in Baguio.
07:43Baguio is a hill station of Americans.
07:48And everything is so Americanized.
07:50My first teachers were married and old teachers, mothers.
07:56They taught me my ABCs.
07:58Okay, that's all value.
07:59But maybe I was still growing up with my Ifugao playmates.
08:06Well, that has value so that we're not totally in the way of modernization.
08:15Because, and I keep thinking that culture is not only an engine, but some bayanans will go in one direction.
08:25Like, okay, let's be tiger economies.
08:30So, we all go, sige, mechanize, have factories, improve your currency, exchange rate, blah, blah, blah.
08:37But on the other extreme, the sub-butan, gross national happiness, they have many things that they give way to,
08:48unquantifiable.
08:50Pero yung mga econometrist who are MBAs mostly from Wharton and Harvard, they will specify, no, our computation say, we
09:00have to do this so that we can increase GDP or we can increase per capita incomes.
09:06These are models that nagko-compete mga big powers and they want to outdo each other on the economic platform.
09:14Pero, I think there's a heavy price to pay.
09:18If we look at what's happening to America now, I think that polarization is really showing that it's an angry
09:25culture.
09:27Well, you don't have to look far. We're also quite polarized now.
09:30Well, okay, but that's also a lot because we are the political mentees of America.
09:39Look, all the European countries have a department, a ministry of culture.
09:48Also, yung mga Asian neighbors natin.
09:51We're the only country around, walang department of culture.
09:55What is the importance of a department of culture?
09:57Sa level ng cabinet, whenever Malacanang is talking about projects for this or for whatever, whether it's flood control or
10:06whether it's budget or anything,
10:09nag-uusapan sila.
10:10Now, for example, if DPWH says, okay, gawa tayo ng isang highway dito through the mountains of Benguet,
10:18and then, yung pala, madadaanan yun yung sacred burial grounds ng Ibaloy.
10:26Is there a voice that will say, takamuna?
10:28So, if you have a department of culture at that cabinet level meeting...
10:31Well, that used to be part of the department of education, culture, and sports.
10:35Well, they call it DEX.
10:36And sports, di ba? DEX, di ba?
10:37So, nato ng culture.
10:38No, it was supposed to be, but it was really...
10:41At nawala na nga yung culture.
10:42Yeah.
10:42Department of education na lang.
10:43But even then, it was just a...
10:46Parang add-on.
10:48Add-on.
10:49Just in case you want to talk about cultural casualties.
10:55Ano nga sabi ng NCC?
10:59We understand what you're thinking and your protest.
11:03And I said, I want to assure you, I'm not belittling the owner.
11:07Kid Latamik renounces his...
11:10I'm not renouncing anything.
11:12I'm making a point by returning it to you.
11:16Could you have made the point without returning it so you would not be misunderstood?
11:20I could have, but that's what I said.
11:22I was one of 20 position papers.
11:25Who... who...
11:25Somehow it became viral.
11:27I didn't know that it would become viral.
11:29Talagang nagulot ako na...
11:30I know, but you're still...
11:31Kahit position paper writer ka...
11:34I mean, you're kakaibang position writer.
11:36What I'm saying is, you're a national artist already.
11:39Kung anuman yung naging protest statement mo.
11:42Pakikingang ka naman.
11:43I mean, you're not a usual position paper writer.
11:45No, I took advantage of that leverage that...
11:48I mean, sometimes, yeah, in theater you have to make one moment...
11:51It was dramatic.
11:52At one particular point, everything is boring and then...
11:55Something happens and that carries on the story.
12:00Actually, Ched has already said they're postponing this.
12:03I know, I read.
12:04Yeah, but come on.
12:05What does that mean though?
12:06It... it... it...
12:07Was it a result of your...
12:08No, no.
12:09This was...
12:09This was way before.
12:11Ah, before pa.
12:12They were going to postpone to 2028.
12:14But, you know...
12:15Postpone the implementation.
12:17But they're not revisiting the actual changes.
12:20No, they said they're going to start listening to the position papers
12:24and they will probably have hearings.
12:26As a matter of fact, my letter was an attachment
12:28and I sent a letter to a groupist, Dr. Groupist, the head of Ched.
12:34I said, I hope that this will be included among the serious position papers.
12:39And if you ever have any hearing about this, I would like to share...
12:44I hope you invite an artist, and particularly a Cordillera artist, to share...
12:51I want to share my thoughts.
12:53I was not aggressive.
12:54It was not...
12:55It was not meant to be competitive.
12:56So, what was the gist of your position paper?
12:59Ang gist ko lang was, okay...
13:00I'm protesting...
13:02I don't...
13:03This concern is really...
13:05It's concerning...
13:06I... I get concerned about this move.
13:08And I start with...
13:11For me...
13:12This is a regression to the Tomasite era.
13:19The Tomasites came here in the early 1900s to be...
13:25I'm sorry, just for context.
13:26These are the first American teachers in the colonial...
13:30Public school teachers who were recruited...
13:32Under the US colonial system.
13:33To start a public school system in the Philippines.
13:36Okay.
13:36So, they came here, and they were very good intentions.
13:39I think they were like Peace Corps also.
13:42But...
13:42Their role was to teach us the three R's.
13:45That's in my paper...
13:46In my position.
13:47They brought us the three R's.
13:49The well-intentioned...
13:50Reading, writing, and arithmetic.
13:52To have the skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic.
13:55For me...
13:56These are just basic skills.
13:57They are not still the tools that help us think.
14:00But at the college level...
14:02If...
14:02Are we now just trying to limit everything to those skills?
14:06And...
14:07The subjects that the general...
14:10General education subjects are now...
14:13Going to be thrown away.
14:15Which are the ones that help us think.
14:17And evaluate.
14:19And...
14:19Tinitimbang natin ng...
14:21Oh, ang kasasayaan natin.
14:22Kung bakit tayo ganito ngayon.
14:24Okay, but...
14:25But to be fair lang to Ched, no?
14:27Because I've also been following the education debate.
14:29And...
14:30Ang tinitimbang din nila...
14:31Kasi nga...
14:31There's been all this data that's come out...
14:35Showing that we trail much of the world in reading comprehension.
14:39And many students actually graduate from elementary school not knowing how to read.
14:44Okay.
14:44So it's kind of shocking to a lot of people.
14:46So in a sense...
14:48Well, of course, I understand where you're coming from.
14:50Parang this is also a reaction to a crisis.
14:53That's kind of desperate.
14:54But that crisis...
14:55I think they're parking up the wrong tree.
14:57Is it because of our curriculums?
14:59Therefore, we lessen this or make it...
15:01No.
15:02I think it's still...
15:03We're forcing kids at an early age to have three languages.
15:08Diba?
15:08They have their local language.
15:10They have to study Filipino.
15:11May mother tongue.
15:12Diba?
15:13Mother tongue policy.
15:14Yeah.
15:14Which is a good thing.
15:15Pati yun, tinatanggal na.
15:17Exactly.
15:17So all these things that are even a step to aid that...
15:21Because...
15:21Para sa akin...
15:23Ang elementary school is just...
15:25You become comfortable in one language...
15:29So you can learn to think.
15:31Yes.
15:31Not so you can recite Shakespeare or so you can recite Tennessee Williams.
15:36Ito yung problema na...
15:38That's why our whole education system was based on rote.
15:41Memorize...
15:42And then you pass the grade.
15:44And you only memorize so you pass the grade.
15:45So...
15:46You don't retain it because...
15:48Wow!
15:48It's part of...
15:49Reflection, introspection.
15:51Yan ang...
15:51Yan ang mawawala.
15:53And that...
15:54They talk about...
15:55We're rationalizing education.
15:57Okay.
15:57Good.
15:57You have to rationalize it.
15:58You have to rationalize having enough schools, classrooms, teachers, blah, blah, blah.
16:03But...
16:03When you start tinkering with...
16:05It was...
16:06That stage where...
16:07You're starting to use those three-hour skills...
16:11Para pag-isipan mo...
16:13Bakit...
16:13Bakit gusto niyang portricars sa garage niya?
16:17O...
16:18Bakit...
16:19Mag...
16:20Panayang...
16:21Mga...
16:21Technical...
16:23About...
16:24About...
16:25Impeachment...
16:26All this...
16:26All this...
16:27Just to think about it...
16:29And...
16:30Maybe even...
16:30Get a position.
16:32Pero...
16:35Limiting...
16:36Your...
16:36College...
16:37Education...
16:38As much as possible to your specialization.
16:41Specialized.
16:42Okay.
16:42You're the best computer expert.
16:44But...
16:44You don't know how to relate to people.
16:46You don't know how to...
16:47Think about...
16:48Wow.
16:48Si Rizal pala.
16:49Wow.
16:50Makapapang tao pala.
16:51Si Rizal.
16:52You know...
16:53These are the things that...
16:55Hindi mo na makukuha yan once you're in that outside world.
16:58I know you lived for a long time in Europe.
17:00It was...
17:00Part of your journey.
17:01So I want to point out...
17:03What some may think is an irony.
17:05Because...
17:06Sabi mo nga...
17:07You know...
17:08We want to educate more well-rounded...
17:10People...
17:11To have...
17:12Better rounded...
17:14Youth.
17:15You ended up going to Wharton.
17:16Which is...
17:18I guess we could say like...
17:20A bastion of...
17:21Western...
17:22Capitalism.
17:23Diba?
17:24I mean yung mga galing sa Wharton...
17:25Yeah.
17:26Harvard Business School.
17:27Precisely itong mga...
17:29It's...
17:30It's...
17:31To have a degree from Wharton.
17:32It's very easy...
17:33It was very easy to get a job...
17:35If you have a Wharton degree.
17:37So...
17:38Tapos nagpunta ka sa Europe.
17:39So tell us a little bit about that journey.
17:40Kasi nga...
17:41You started out...
17:44At UP...
17:45And then you ended up...
17:46You got a degree from...
17:48An MBA from Wharton.
17:50Ito...
17:51This is a...
17:52Cosmic flow.
17:53I was accidentally elected...
17:55President of the Student Council...
17:57Sa UP.
17:58Okay?
17:58Accidentally?
17:59Accidentally.
18:00Kasi...
18:01Usually mga law students...
18:02Mga business students...
18:04Yan ang nag-aspire to become...
18:06President of the Student Council.
18:07Kasi alam nila...
18:08Stepping stone ito to...
18:10Politics.
18:11Politics.
18:12No, I just happened to be...
18:14There at...
18:14Like Cory...
18:15I just happened to be there.
18:17And...
18:17I was...
18:18Elected.
18:19So you're a speech and drama student.
18:22And...
18:23I think...
18:24Kailangan ng representation...
18:26Diba?
18:27Sa bagong student government.
18:28This was...
18:29This was a...
18:30Okay.
18:30Just a little more background.
18:32When I arrived in UP...
18:34Nung...
18:34Nung...
18:3668.
18:38Ay...
18:38Nung 58.
18:39They had no student government...
18:41For about five or seven years.
18:43No?
18:44Kasi...
18:45There was an election sometime 1952 or 1951.
18:49Nagkaroon ng...
18:50Electoral...
18:51Contest.
18:52Student government election.
18:53Yeah, student government.
18:53Nagkaroon ng electoral protest.
18:55Nagkaroon ng court injunction.
18:57So for years and years...
18:59There could be no elections.
19:00Now when I entered...
19:01See...
19:02The president of UP then...
19:03Was President Vicente Cinco.
19:06And he said...
19:06It's not healthy...
19:08For the Diliman Republic as well...
19:10We were known then...
19:11To not have a student government.
19:12Kasi nundumating ko...
19:14Kanya-kanya...
19:15The students were all in their little corners.
19:18Mga fraternities.
19:19Mga...
19:20Catholic organizations.
19:21Mga...
19:22Zoological.
19:23Botanical societies.
19:24They were all in their little corners.
19:26Pero wala yung UP...
19:27You know...
19:28The UP spirit na...
19:30Oy!
19:33Let's go to Balacanang...
19:34There was no student council or government at that time.
19:36Because there was no council.
19:38So...
19:39Tama si President Cinco...
19:40He started that...
19:41And he researched...
19:42And he found out...
19:43That Cambridge and Oxford...
19:44Had a different system...
19:45Called the Student Union.
19:47It was still the student government.
19:49Pero hindi gaya ng...
19:50Student elections...
19:52Student council...
19:52You elect directly the president.
19:54You vote for the president of the student council.
19:57Then...
19:57It's like a parliamentary system.
19:59You vote for representatives from your college.
20:01So...
20:02The law school will have their representative business school.
20:05The biggest college known was the arts and sciences.
20:07So...
20:08Tatlo kami na-elect doon.
20:10And we were...
20:11Once na-elect na yung mga representatives...
20:14They get together...
20:15But you were elected.
20:17So...
20:17So...
20:17Nangampanya ka?
20:18Inambisyon mo to?
20:19No...
20:20I decided to become a representative.
20:22But not the chairman.
20:24Oh...
20:24Okay.
20:25But then it happened na...
20:27When we started meeting...
20:28Okay...
20:28One week after the...
20:30Elections...
20:31Mga representatives of different colleges...
20:33Get together and choose...
20:34The prime minister...
20:35The prime...
20:35Parang...
20:36Parang parliamentary nga.
20:37Yeah, parliamentary.
20:38Eh...
20:39Just so happened that year...
20:41Mahina yung law student...
20:43Uh...
20:44And then my...
20:45My fraternity head...
20:47Ginapang niya...
20:48Ginapang niya...
20:48What fraternity mo?
20:49Upsilon Sigma Phi.
20:51Okay.
20:52Ginapang niya yung mga ibang kwan...
20:53And...
20:55I'm the president of 18,000 students...
20:58This...
20:59Happy-go-lucky...
21:00Theater major...
21:02Makabarkada ko nun...
21:03Si Ben Cervantes...
21:04Si Lino Broca...
21:05Si La Boots Anson...
21:06Those were my co-graduates...
21:08In 1963...
21:10But...
21:10I had no...
21:11Inkling or even...
21:13Ambitions to do that...
21:14Pero I...
21:14I was there...
21:15Suddenly I had to grow into those shoes...
21:17You must have been popular...
21:18Well...
21:19At least in the College of Arts and Sciences...
21:21Somehow...
21:22Yeah...
21:22I...
21:23I was active in many organizations...
21:26So...
21:27I remember yung first meeting ko...
21:29I didn't know yung Robert's Rules of Orders...
21:31To conduct a meeting...
21:33Pinahiya ako ng law student...
21:35He kept asking me...
21:36Hey that's out of order...
21:37Mr. Chairman...
21:38You don't know your Robert...
21:39So...
21:39The next week...
21:40I really studied my Robert's Rules of Orders...
21:42And...
21:43On the second meeting...
21:44You're out of order...
21:46Please go...
21:47But I...
21:48That's...
21:49After...
21:49So...
21:50Okay...
21:50So that changed your trajectory...
21:52That changed my...
21:53Kasi after a year of...
21:54Nagrarally kayo...
21:55You're leading the students to...
21:57Rally in Malacanang...
21:58Were you?
21:59Yeah...
22:00So this is...
22:00This is early 60s...
22:0263...
22:03Yeah...
22:03Okay... 1963...
22:04I was president in 62...
22:06Ano yung mga causes noon...
22:06Ano yung nararali nyo noon...
22:09I remember one...
22:11Si Macapagal...
22:12Ang president noon...
22:13And...
22:14It was his executive secretary...
22:16Who came to...
22:17Accept our manifesto...
22:18About civil rights...
22:19Of course this is...
22:20President Díos Dado Macapagal...
22:22Yung ama ni Gloria...
22:23Ni Gloria Macapagal...
22:24Yeah...
22:25It was those...
22:26And then...
22:26We...
22:27I was organizing...
22:29Or I was...
22:30Funding the...
22:31Joma Season...
22:32When he...
22:33Would have a symposium on...
22:35Philippine identity or...
22:37Joma Season was...
22:38A professor...
22:39Back then...
22:39No...
22:40He was still...
22:40I think he was...
22:41In his last years...
22:42As an English major...
22:44Okay...
22:44He was already influential...
22:46On campus...
22:47Yeah...
22:48And then...
22:49Yeah...
22:49Whenever we had basketball games...
22:52Ah...
22:52That's an...
22:53Okay...
22:53This is an interesting thing...
22:55Kasi I'm a culture advocate today...
22:56Now with hindsight...
22:58Wala...
22:58Walang UP culture at that time...
23:00Kasi...
23:01Seven years...
23:02Walang student government...
23:04The UAAP games...
23:05Were always held...
23:06In Rizal Colosseum...
23:08Yes...
23:09That's...
23:09We're out...
23:10We're on another planet...
23:11Dito sa Diliman...
23:12So...
23:13Walang student...
23:15Nanonood...
23:15And for...
23:16The longest time...
23:17Kulelat palagi...
23:18Ang UP...
23:20Maroons...
23:21No...
23:21We were always eighth...
23:23Place...
23:23Talagang...
23:24Cellar dweller...
23:25Every Saturday...
23:26There will be 20 buses...
23:28At Quezon Hall...
23:31Freeride...
23:31To...
23:31Um...
23:32Rizal Colosseum...
23:34And back...
23:35To Diliman...
23:35So...
23:35Naghakot ka ng...
23:36Fans...
23:37Naghakot...
23:37I mean...
23:37Basta...
23:38You're available...
23:38It's not hakot...
23:39It's just...
23:40Those who want to go...
23:41Get a free ride...
23:42So...
23:43It started with just 10 buses...
23:44Getting filled up...
23:45Later...
23:46Dumami na dumami...
23:47And you know...
23:47That year...
23:48We ended up in third place...
23:50Kasi...
23:51A culture of...
23:56Ang dami namin...
23:57Naghachichir...
23:58I mean...
23:59Maybe like now...
24:00Alex Ayala...
24:01Because he has also...
24:02All these...
24:03Fans...
24:04Filipinos...
24:04Attending her games...
24:06I'm sure that also...
24:07Uh...
24:08Tinataas niya yung...
24:09Kanyong performance niya...
24:11So...
24:11Maybe...
24:12Up to now...
24:13I still feel that...
24:14Culture...
24:15Is such an important...
24:17Of course...
24:18Ingredient...
24:18Besides yung usual...
24:20Okay...
24:20So...
24:21You got involved in politics...
24:22So you needed to have...
24:24Leadership skills to do that...
24:25So...
24:26Nagkaroon ka ng...
24:28Medyo...
24:28Sabi mo nga...
24:29Nabago yung trajectory mo...
24:30Direksyon mo...
24:31And you ended up nga...
24:32In Wharton...
24:33After...
24:34After you...
24:35After a year of leading the students...
24:37I thought...
24:37I am...
24:38Maybe presidential...
24:40Well...
24:41Hindi...
24:42Kasi all the other student leaders...
24:44Were...
24:44So what were you called then?
24:45The chairman?
24:47Chairman...
24:47Okay...
24:48So...
24:48Ang laki ng constituency mo...
24:50And then people listen to you...
24:51Yeah...
24:52So...
24:52May mga pumasok na...
24:54Bagong pangarap...
24:56Sa isip mo...
24:57Well...
24:57Whether it's pangarap...
24:58Or just I'm...
24:59Baka nasa dalaw ako...
25:00Nang pwede akong maging...
25:01So I said...
25:02Maybe this was a false...
25:04Bulong ng...
25:06The past...
25:06Maybe...
25:07A developing country needs...
25:09Economists and businessmen...
25:11Not artists...
25:12Okay...
25:13Yeah...
25:13And at that time...
25:14There...
25:14There was a rising...
25:16UP graduate din...
25:17Nasa senado...
25:18Si...
25:19Ferdinand Marcos Senior...
25:21Yeah...
25:21He was...
25:21Who would become president...
25:23Shortly after you graduated...
25:24And...
25:25I guess...
25:25Pagdating mo sa...
25:26Important...
25:26Siya na yung Pangulo...
25:27That was 62...
25:2963...
25:29He was the senate president...
25:31And he became...
25:32He was...
25:33We invited him to be the guest...
25:35Induction speaker...
25:36Nung...
25:37Student Union...
25:38I have a little story...
25:40It's an aside...
25:41But...
25:42During that thing...
25:43Yung induction...
25:44So we were waiting backstage...
25:46Before...
25:46While the students were filling up...
25:49The UP auditorium...
25:50I mean...
25:51How are you related to...
25:52Virginia Oteza...
25:54Deguia...
25:55This is Ferdinand Marcos...
25:56Yeah...
25:57The senate president then...
25:58Okay...
25:59Sir...
25:59He's my mother...
26:00She's my mother...
26:01Oh...
26:02We were in college together...
26:04Then when he...
26:05After he inducted us...
26:07Siya yung induction speaker...
26:09So he started talking to the...
26:11Student buddy...
26:11You know...
26:11This young man...
26:12I just...
26:14Inducted your president...
26:16His mother has the...
26:17Distinction of being the only person...
26:20To defeat...
26:21Ferdinand Marcos in debate...
26:23I didn't even know that...
26:25But...
26:25Was that true though?
26:26I mean...
26:26Or was he just trying to flatter you?
26:28No...
26:29Ask your mom...
26:30I found out...
26:30Later...
26:31From my mom...
26:32The thing is this...
26:33My mother was...
26:34Co-ed from Baguio...
26:36Provinciana...
26:37But...
26:38She was in everything...
26:39She was...
26:39She was in the dramatic club...
26:41And she was...
26:42Acclaimed by critics...
26:43No...
26:44She was a tennis champion...
26:46She was the head of the...
26:47Porsche Society...
26:48Which is the...
26:49Sorority of law students...
26:51Of female law students...
26:53Porsche...
26:53You know...
26:54Yeah...
26:55Shakespeare...
26:56Did your mom...
26:57Eventually become a lawyer?
26:59Well...
26:59That's...
27:00She...
27:00They were college...
27:00She was...
27:01She was in law school...
27:03Law school...
27:04Classmates...
27:04Yeah...
27:04And she was also president of the women's club...
27:06And she was the honor society...
27:08When...
27:08She graduated...
27:10She...
27:10See Marcos was...
27:11Class 39...
27:12My mother's class 40...
27:14So she was...
27:15In law school?
27:16In law school...
27:17So they must have had all those debates...
27:19And everything...
27:20But he remembered her from those days...
27:22So...
27:23When I found out...
27:25And then...
27:26About maybe...
27:27Uh...
27:28Six or seven years later...
27:29Si Cheche Lazaro...
27:31Was doing research at the UP library...
27:33And she found the Collegian...
27:36The...
27:36The newspaper...
27:37The university newspaper...
27:39With the picture...
27:40We have it in Baguio...
27:42So she photocopied it...
27:43The picture of...
27:44The winners of the...
27:46Oratorical debate...
27:48That was...
27:49Three people...
27:49Sa gitna...
27:51Uh...
27:51Very petite...
27:52Woman...
27:53Virginia Oteza...
27:55On the...
27:55On the right side was...
27:57Ferdinand Marcos...
27:58Second place...
27:59And then...
27:59Another third guy...
28:00I don't remember...
28:01But...
28:01Okay...
28:02So my mother was...
28:03A campus figure in her days...
28:06And she eventually became mayor of Baguio...
28:08And...
28:09The first woman...
28:09Right?
28:10In those days...
28:12Okay...
28:12Right after the war...
28:14Baguio was an appointive mayor...
28:16Hmm...
28:17Hindi pa elective...
28:19But...
28:19They would get...
28:20There were all these...
28:21Um...
28:22Male...
28:24Mayors...
28:25Because...
28:26Again...
28:27For Malacanang...
28:28Kasi appointed ng Malacanang...
28:31The Baguio mayorship...
28:32Was a waiting station...
28:34For...
28:35A cabinet position...
28:37Oh...
28:38Hindi pa bakante yung...
28:39Depends...
28:40Mag three months ka muna...
28:41O six months ka sa Baguio...
28:44Pagka...
28:44Ready na...
28:45Ikaw ang susunod...
28:46So it was...
28:47Musical chairs...
28:49Doon sa Baguio...
28:51Any...
28:52Anybody who was aspiring...
28:54Would be appointed...
28:55Hanggang...
28:56Maready na siya...
28:57But...
28:58You know...
28:58They kept my mother for...
28:59Almost...
29:00Five years...
29:01Kasi...
29:02Okay...
29:03She was appointed...
29:05Mayor on July 4th...
29:081946...
29:08Okay...
29:09Wow...
29:10On the Independence Day...
29:11Yeah...
29:12Yeah...
29:12Well...
29:12That was the day...
29:13So she was the one who raised the Philippine flag...
29:15In Baguio...
29:16She was mayor already...
29:17She was appointed on that day...
29:19On that day...
29:19Who appointed her?
29:21President Rojas...
29:22And she's...
29:23She's on the...
29:23How did President Rojas find out about her?
29:25Well that's it...
29:27All his...
29:27All his advisors are probably UP graduates...
29:29So they knew about this feisty woman from...
29:33Baguio...
29:34So...
29:35Out of lack of...
29:36Or maybe because they felt she was the one...
29:38And she ran Baguio so well...
29:40Not like the other males...
29:42She really...
29:43Helped Baguio rehabilitate...
29:46Uh...
29:46From the post-war situation...
29:48You were a theater...
29:49Major...
29:50Speech and Drama...
29:51And then Marcada Mo...
29:52Sila Ben Cervantes...
29:53Uh...
29:54Butch Anson Roa...
29:56Uh...
29:56An actress...
29:57So...
29:57You had that...
29:59Arts background...
29:59Pero napasok ka sa campus politics...
30:02Sabi mo nga...
30:02Accidentally...
30:03But...
30:04You...
30:05Embrace that role...
30:06And then...
30:08Uh...
30:08Nagkaroon ka ng...
30:09Ano...
30:10Mga...
30:11I guess...
30:11A perspective that...
30:13Maybe you could be...
30:15Somebody big...
30:16Diba?
30:16In Philippine society...
30:18Because your mom also became quite prominent...
30:20Diba?
30:21And you...
30:22So you ended up at Wharton...
30:23Yun ba yun?
30:24I mean...
30:24Why Wharton?
30:25Which was...
30:26I mean...
30:26It's right up there...
30:27With Harvard Business School...
30:28I had a few friends there...
30:30Like Christian Munsud...
30:31Was there...
30:32Vic Puyat...
30:33They were...
30:33Some of my friends were already there...
30:35So...
30:36You try out...
30:37Where...
30:37Where your friends are...
30:39But...
30:39Yeah...
30:40I somehow passed the...
30:41Entrance exam...
30:43GRE...
30:44Graduate Record exams...
30:45And...
30:46I was in...
30:47Hmm...
30:48I was not...
30:49I was bored with my subject...
30:50I was...
30:52Totally...
30:53I wanted to...
30:54And...
30:55And...
30:55So...
30:55Okay...
30:56I guess...
30:56If we can circle back to the original...
31:01Question about...
31:02You know...
31:02Returning your national artist...
31:05Medalion...
31:06And...
31:07About...
31:08The...
31:09The...
31:09Changes...
31:10Towards more...
31:12Yeah...
31:13Practicality of the...
31:14Education Curriculum...
31:15No...
31:16So...
31:17It's not like...
31:18You're just seeing this from a purely...
31:20Arts and Culture point of view...
31:22Because...
31:23You graduated from that...
31:27You...
31:28You had a taste of politics...
31:29You became...
31:31A leader...
31:32At UP...
31:34So...
31:35You've actually seen...
31:36Various...
31:37Sides of...
31:38The world...
31:39No...
31:39And then...
31:41Uh...
31:42But you're saying...
31:43That even if a student...
31:45Now...
31:46Aspires to go to...
31:48Wharton...
31:48They hear this...
31:49They're listening to you now...
31:51It's like...
31:52It's like...
31:52It's like...
31:52It's like...
31:53It's like...
31:56It's like...
31:56Even if I want to be a national artist...
31:59No...
31:59It's like...
32:00Is that...
32:01Is that a recommended...
32:03Choice now?
32:04Or is that...
32:05Something that...
32:06You regret...
32:07Uh...
32:08Knowing...
32:09That...
32:10Uh...
32:11Knowing that...
32:12You're now...
32:13You call yourself...
32:14A culture warrior...
32:15No...
32:15A culture bearer...
32:18Uh...
32:18It's not something...
32:19That they trained you for...
32:20In business school...
32:21Right?
32:21No...
32:22I think the thing is this...
32:23For whatever...
32:24Brought me to business school...
32:26It was...
32:27You know...
32:28Trajectory...
32:29I go this way...
32:30I go that way...
32:31Because I didn't have any fixed...
32:33Mind about the career...
32:35At 15...
32:35Do you know what you want to be?
32:37Uh...
32:37So my father was engineer...
32:38Oh...
32:38Sige...
32:39Subukan ko lang...
32:40Hindi ko kaya...
32:42Mathematics...
32:42At...
32:43Chemistry...
32:44I ended up in speech and drama...
32:46Um...
32:47But...
32:48Because I...
32:49And for me...
32:50This is just a...
32:51Combination that I happen to have...
32:53I was in the culture scene...
32:55With...
32:55Speech and drama...
32:57And all those...
32:57Crazy artists...
32:59But then I went into this business school...
33:02For whatever false illusions I had...
33:04And then...
33:05Yon...
33:06Naging...
33:06Combination ko...
33:07So I became an economist after...
33:10After...
33:11Um...
33:11Warton...
33:12I worked in Paris...
33:14For five years as an economist...
33:16It's an OECD...
33:17You know it's an OECD...
33:18It's...
33:18It's an organization of European countries...
33:21And all the rich countries...
33:23The development agency...
33:24Yeah...
33:24In Europe...
33:24They were the ones who used...
33:25It used to be OEC...
33:27That was...
33:28Coordinating the aid flows...
33:30Of the Marshall Plan...
33:32Nung...
33:32They were already back on their feet...
33:35They decided not to disband the facilities...
33:37And they made it OECD...
33:39To coordinate mga...
33:41Policies nila vis-a-vis...
33:42Third world countries...
33:44And...
33:45Yeah...
33:45So...
33:46It was...
33:47I worked in the development center for that...
33:50And...
33:50Researcher lang mo...
33:52But...
33:52And then later consultant...
33:53But...
33:54I became the fertilizer distribution expert...
33:58I'm a footnote today in...
34:00In...
34:00Fertilizer distribution studies...
34:03So yun na nang yung niche mo...
34:05As a researcher or staff...
34:07Yeah...
34:07A young staffer dun sa...
34:08But I think my main reason also was...
34:10I wanted...
34:11To try Paris...
34:12Okay...
34:13The culture center of the world...
34:15I didn't want...
34:16I could've probably...
34:17Applied for a...
34:18A bank in Wall Street or somewhere...
34:21I want...
34:22I want...
34:23I want...
34:23I was tired of America and...
34:25I want to try something else...
34:26Yeah...
34:26So you were drawn to Paris...
34:28So you had this degree...
34:29You could've...
34:29You could've...
34:29It was your ticket to...
34:31A job...
34:32Basically...
34:33But you chose Paris...
34:35For the art scene...
34:36It was a part of my...
34:38Yeah...
34:38But I like...
34:39Yeah...
34:40I thought I was still going to be an economist...
34:42So...
34:42Kailan na...
34:43Paano na bago yung...
34:44Yung...
34:45Landas?
34:46Okay...
34:46I think...
34:47Well I always talk...
34:48When I talk to mga young artists...
34:50I always tell them...
34:50You have to listen to your duende...
34:52Yung...
34:53Or your mutia...
34:54An inner voice...
34:55And...
34:56I think over the years...
34:57Doing all these boring reports...
35:00Lumalakas yung voice...
35:02Within me...
35:03To be a...
35:04Na...
35:05Oy...
35:05Ano pang ginagawa mo dito?
35:07Why are you studying fertilizer distribution?
35:11Yung chemical fertilizers pa nun?
35:13GMO was not even a word in those days...
35:16And instead of...
35:17Letting your...
35:19Fertilizing your creativity...
35:21Ayun...
35:22That's what...
35:22That's what...
35:23Was beginning to bother me until...
35:25And at the end of...
35:26After office hours...
35:28I was always...
35:29Watching theater...
35:30Or with my artist friends...
35:32Parish yun eh...
35:33Yeah...
35:34Pero nagchaga ka ng five years...
35:35Doing that...
35:36Yeah...
35:37It was...
35:38Yeah...
35:39I think my duende...
35:39Had to be strong enough to say...
35:41Okay...
35:41The step that I took there...
35:43Was one summer vacation...
35:44We have paid...
35:45Summer vacation...
35:46At two months...
35:46I decided to go to...
35:48A farm in Norway...
35:50An Norwegian friend...
35:51Had brought me to...
35:52On a trek...
35:53Up a glacier...
35:55And I saw this farm...
35:56So I decided to go to that farm...
35:58Sa umaga...
35:59Nag pipitch ako ng hay...
36:02Sa hapon...
36:03I was typing...
36:04My play...
36:05I thought I wanted to write...
36:07A third...
36:07My play...
36:09Um...
36:10Wala pang laptop nun...
36:11I was using my...
36:13Smith Corona portable typewriter...
36:15So much easier today...
36:17But...
36:18At the end of the two months...
36:19I was able to get a complete draft...
36:21Of my play...
36:23The play was about...
36:24A third world leader...
36:25Who wants to...
36:27Economically liberate his...
36:29Country from the...
36:30Shackles of...
36:32Global capitalism...
36:34The background here is...
36:35Because at that time...
36:36That was the...
36:37Late 60s and...
36:38Early 70s...
36:39You know...
36:40OPEC became a world power...
36:42Organization for petroleum...
36:45So...
36:45Ang...
36:45Ang situation dito was...
36:48This...
36:48There's the state of this country...
36:51And...
36:51Because...
36:52Pollution in...
36:53All the...
36:54Capitals of the world...
36:56Talagang...
36:56Ang mercury levels...
36:58Ang taas...
36:59People were becoming...
37:00Cretins from...
37:01This pollution...
37:03And the only way to...
37:04Neutralize that...
37:06Is to eat...
37:07One miracle banana a day...
37:10So...
37:11Bananas become...
37:12A strategic...
37:15Commodity...
37:16They can now...
37:16Try to get a cartel...
37:18And control their prices...
37:20So...
37:20That's the situation...
37:21There...
37:21The leader is trying to get...
37:23Is ready...
37:25It's the week before...
37:26They're going to have that...
37:27Summit of all the...
37:28Banana exporting countries...
37:29OPEC...
37:30Or...
37:31Banana exporting countries...
37:32So...
37:33At this time...
37:33Binubuo pa lang yung...
37:34OPEC...
37:35So it's kind of a...
37:36Satire of that...
37:36Yeah...
37:37That was it...
37:39But of course...
37:40In the end...
37:40And this was the time...
37:41When Allende...
37:43Got deposed...
37:43Of Chile...
37:44Salvador Allende...
37:45Yung...
37:46President...
37:47Socialist president...
37:49So my plot...
37:50My whole story is that...
37:51At the end of the story...
37:52There's a coup d'etat...
37:53And...
37:54Well...
37:54There's also a love story...
37:56Because...
37:56During this week...
37:57He gets a call from the airport...
37:59And his...
37:59Former girlfriend...
38:00While he was studying in America...
38:03Is...
38:03The plane has to be repaired...
38:05So she has to stay...
38:06A few days...
38:07And they have a little relationship...
38:09But he's not going to give it up...
38:10For his country...
38:11Just...
38:11It's just a passing thing...
38:13To...
38:13Refreshen his energies...
38:15He's a human being...
38:16He becomes stronger...
38:17And she's going to go her way...
38:18And he's going to go...
38:20And he's going to go...
38:20Back to his con...
38:21But he has two advisors...
38:23Yung culture minister niya...
38:26Who is more...
38:27Kind of a gay...
38:28Happy Flambuet...
38:29And always...
38:29Pwede yan...
38:30Kayaan...
38:30And...
38:31The other one is...
38:32The head of the presidential guard...
38:34Who is his cousin...
38:36No...
38:37Don't take risks...
38:38Don't...
38:38Don't let her see you...
38:39Focus on what you're doing...
38:41But this...
38:42These two voices...
38:44That are...
38:44Yeah...
38:46The practical...
38:46The practical side...
38:48Maybe my MBA training...
38:50And then like...
38:51Theatred side...
38:52Pwede yan...
38:53Subukan mo...
38:54Give it some space...
38:56Maganon...
38:57That's...
38:57And that's...
38:59Maybe it's...
39:00What you call...
39:01Right brain...
39:01Left brain...
39:02Yung nag...
39:03To go back to your thing...
39:04Maybe that is...
39:05Something that I have...
39:06In my perspective now...
39:08Whether I'm returning my...
39:10Medallion...
39:11Or whether I was...
39:13As a student council president...
39:14I...
39:15I...
39:15I...
39:16I know the practical side...
39:18I can understand...
39:19Economic jargon...
39:20Nang mga...
39:21Economist...
39:22I can understand why...
39:24Growth...
39:25For growth's sake...
39:26Is such a...
39:27Gospel...
39:29Truth...
39:29Truth...
39:30For all leaders...
39:31On the other side...
39:33Dekamuna...
39:34We can't just...
39:36Pursue growth...
39:37For growth's sake...
39:39Kaya nang may...
39:40Cultural preno...
39:41Which for me...
39:41The culture is a preno system...
39:43To...
39:44Overextending your economic...
39:45Policies etc...
39:47And that's why...
39:48That's why it's important...
39:49To have a...
39:49Strong voice...
39:50That will...
39:51Limit...
39:52Any...
39:53Economic program...
39:54That just...
39:55Oversteps...
39:56Maybe I can bring in...
39:57This Kapwa...
39:58Thing that...
39:59My wife...
40:00Was always...
40:00Mirrored to me...
40:03Katrin was German...
40:04My wife was German...
40:05But because living here...
40:06She couldn't understand...
40:07This...
40:08Crazy partner...
40:09But she mirrored to me...
40:10Ano yung yaman...
40:11Nang ating bayan...
40:13And she called...
40:14Kapwa...
40:15She got into...
40:16Indigenous...
40:17Philippine psychology...
40:18Or...
40:18Kapwa psychology...
40:21And her mentor...
40:22Dr. Henriquez...
40:22Got her...
40:23Told her to finish her doctorate...
40:25But itong Kapwa...
40:27Is...
40:27Including culture...
40:29No...
40:30Tayong Pilipino...
40:31We are...
40:31Including culture...
40:33We include the other...
40:35The title of her book was...
40:37Kapwa...
40:37The Self...
40:38In the Other...
40:40That's why...
40:40That's my battle cry...
40:41These days...
40:43Kapwa...
40:44Is...
40:44Parang a thermostat...
40:46It's a regulatory...
40:48Na...
40:49Para hindi tayo...
40:50Mag...
40:51Shoot over the...
40:53Suggested range...
40:55Ngayon...
40:56Compared to her culture...
40:58German...
40:59German culture...
41:00Where...
41:01He says...
41:02We are...
41:03We have become an excluding culture...
41:05We are always defining boundaries...
41:07Between you and me...
41:09Oh...
41:09Kaibigan tayo pare ha...
41:11You're my friend...
41:14But...
41:14I know...
41:15You're after my job...
41:17I'm after your job...
41:18There's always that barrier there...
41:20And then it becomes a competitive thing...
41:22And this is something that probably evolved from industrialization...
41:25It's not...
41:26Nobody's going to judge...
41:27Good culture...
41:28Bad culture...
41:29But she pointed that out to me...
41:31And maybe...
41:32That was also one of my main arguments...
41:35Since...
41:36Position paper ko...
41:38Na...
41:39We will lose our sense of...
41:41Capuaness...
41:43And maybe that's why...
41:44We have all these...
41:45Big scandals...
41:47Ngayon...
41:47With the...
41:48You know...
41:48Flood control...
41:50Kasi...
41:51Nawala nang preno...
41:52Yung mga leaders...
41:55They...
41:55There's nothing...
41:56An internal preno system that says...
41:59Taka muna...
41:59Sobra na yan...
42:00So...
42:01Ginhawa...
42:03Was our goal...
42:04As a people...
42:05Pre-colonial...
42:07Ginhawa is a...
42:09It's an inner thing...
42:10Loob...
42:11Ginhawa is...
42:12Being at home in the world...
42:14Because you...
42:15You have...
42:16Your community...
42:17You have your...
42:18Social relations...
42:19Everything is...
42:20It's not...
42:21Only competitive...
42:23And this...
42:24Ginhawa...
42:25Has become...
42:26Was the main goal...
42:28Pero colonial racism...
42:30Especially the Americans...
42:31Brought in...
42:32Another concept of Ginhawa...
42:35Ginhawa...
42:35Ginhawa today...
42:36Is having 40 luxury cars...
42:37In your garage...
42:39I think...
42:40That's...
42:40That's a loss of preno...
42:42That's a loss of preno...
42:45No...
42:45Pero...
42:47I...
42:48And...
42:48And...
42:49We've had this conversation before...
42:51Parang...
42:51May nakita ko rito...
42:52Contradiction...
42:53Of course...
42:53Those are...
42:54Those are...
42:55Beloved values...
42:56No...
42:56Ng Pilipino...
42:58Yung...
42:58Sense of Ginhawa...
42:59And then...
43:00Yung kapwa...
43:01Malalim tayong...
43:04Makipagkaibigan...
43:04But...
43:05At the same time...
43:06There's so much evidence...
43:07In our society...
43:08And it's not something new...
43:09Itong corruption...
43:10Itong sinasabi mong...
43:13Yung...
43:13Walang preno...
43:14I mean...
43:14Kailang ba nagkaroon ng preno...
43:16Sa mga...
43:17Politiko sa atin...
43:18Because...
43:19As...
43:19As far as we can remember...
43:21I mean...
43:22You're older than I am...
43:23But you...
43:23You yourself remember...
43:24A time at UP...
43:26Na nagwala...
43:26Na walan pa nga kayo ng student government...
43:28In the early 50s...
43:30Because nagkaroon ng election protest...
43:32So it's not...
43:33Such a new...
43:34In other words...
43:34There were probably...
43:35Accusations of cheating...
43:37Or rigged...
43:38An election...
43:39So parang...
43:40I suppose...
43:42There was even a greater sense of kapwa...
43:44Then...
43:45And ginhawa...
43:46And yet...
43:46Parang...
43:47Parang may contradiction nga...
43:49And so we've got this...
43:50Strong sense of kapwa...
43:52And you compare us...
43:53Or your wife compared us...
43:55Favorably to German culture...
43:59But...
43:59Parang...
44:00There seems to be...
44:01In their culture...
44:02Parang mas...
44:03Mas malakas yung preno nga...
44:05To prevent people from violating all of these rules...
44:09And then...
44:10These...
44:10These norms...
44:11Whereas sa atin...
44:13Parang paulit-ulit na itong...
44:15Parang impeachment crisis...
44:16Sa kasaloko yan...
44:17And we were...
44:18We're all...
44:19You know...
44:19Seeing it...
44:20Every day...
44:21Despite kakapwa...
44:23No...
44:24Okay...
44:24Kakapwa is just an orientation that the people had...
44:27Now...
44:28It can also be used...
44:30To justify...
44:31Yeah...
44:31You look...
44:32You turn around when you...
44:33See corruption...
44:35That's also...
44:35Kakapwa ko yung politi na yan...
44:38So...
44:39Or...
44:40I scratch...
44:41You scratch my back...
44:41I scratch your back...
44:43That's...
44:43It's a kind...
44:44No...
44:44It's just a...
44:46An orientation that we might lose...
44:49Now...
44:50But it's not necessarily...
44:52Kind of an ideal thing...
44:53I mean...
44:54Sabi mo nga...
44:54It can...
44:55It can also be...
44:56There's also a kapwa between the corrupt...
44:58Between thieves...
44:58In other words...
44:59It's not a...
45:01Black and white...
45:02Uh...
45:03Yeah...
45:04Either or...
45:05But...
45:06I remember...
45:07About...
45:07Five months ago...
45:09Si...
45:10Cardinal David...
45:11Had a...
45:13Homily...
45:14And he talked about the Walang Pake culture...
45:16This was in the...
45:17Mm...
45:18Nung katatapos lang ng mga...
45:19Flood control...
45:22Scandals...
45:22And that...
45:2340 cars in my garage...
45:25When he said that...
45:26Yung...
45:27Walang Pake is...
45:28Mainly in the elite...
45:43Mm...
45:44General Masters...
45:45Walang...
45:46Walang...
45:46Walang pumipigil na...
45:47It's...
45:49It's...
45:49That's what you call impunity rin...
45:51Mm-hmm...
45:52Anyway...
45:53I have all the levers...
45:55And...
45:56Even if I get caught...
45:57Pwede ko namang...
45:59Kunin yung judy shari...
46:00There's every...
46:00That's the general mentality...
46:02So kung wala ka ng preno...
46:05Talangan ko lang...
46:06Karapal na...
46:07Do it...
46:08You know...
46:09I think about this...
46:10Itong sense of kapwa...
46:11Because I also feel it...
46:12I...
46:13That's why I like living in the Philippines...
46:15Kasi nga...
46:15Malakas nga yung...
46:16Sense of kapwa natin...
46:18However...
46:18Hinahanap ko yung sense of kapwa...
46:20Every time I try to cross the street...
46:22You just came from Japan...
46:24Where...
46:24Malayo ka pala sa kanto...
46:25Titigil na yung mga kotse...
46:27Para makatawid ka...
46:28Dito...
46:29Nasa kali ka pa rin...
46:31Parang...
46:32Sasagasaan ka ng mga tao...
46:33Kung gusto mong...
46:34Mga motorista...
46:34Kung gusto mong tumawid...
46:35While they're...
46:36Kumbaga...
46:37Sila may may karapatan dyan...
46:38Despite the fact...
46:39Na gusto mong tumawid...
46:41So...
46:41Nasan yung kapwa doon?
46:43Well...
46:43This is the thing...
46:44Societies have developed both with...
46:46Yung energizer nila...
46:48Okay...
46:48They want to be...
46:50Materially...
46:51Economically...
46:52In the direction of a tiger economy...
46:55Or...
46:56Whether they choose to be like...
46:58The Bhutanese...
46:59Cross national happiness economy...
47:01Maybe these are like...
47:03Paradigms...
47:04Okay...
47:04Pero in between...
47:05There's a lot of gray area...
47:07I think...
47:07Ang problema dito is...
47:08We were given a new engine...
47:11Sige...
47:11This is the way...
47:12You...
47:13Organize society...
47:14So that you can have...
47:15Agricultural sector...
47:17Industrial sector...
47:19Service sector...
47:20And you improve your banking system...
47:22Bla bla bla...
47:23Para...
47:23May dalaw in that direction...
47:26But then...
47:27Yung...
47:28Then you start putting protocols...
47:30Okay...
47:30And...
47:31I think...
47:32We have so many laws...
47:33Trying to control...
47:35Corruption...
47:36Ang dami na...
47:37But you know...
47:38In the end...
47:39If you're internal...
47:40Prenoy...
47:41Which is their...
47:42You loob...
47:43That...
47:44I think the Japanese...
47:45Still have that loob part...
47:46They...
47:47You already have...
47:48A preno system...
47:49Before you rely on...
47:50The rules...
47:51And that's why...
47:53Nagiging...
47:54Basta't hindi ako mahuli...
47:55Okay naman eh...
47:57Now...
47:57That...
47:57I think...
47:58Comes from our colonial period...
48:00Lusot...
48:01Baka pwedeng lumusot...
48:02It became...
48:03A...
48:04Coping mechanism...
48:06For...
48:06People who were...
48:07Working for a colonial power...
48:09There are rules...
48:11You have to do this...
48:12But we don't really understand the rules...
48:14Because it does not benefit...
48:15Us...
48:16So I can work as hard as I can...
48:18Pero...
48:18All the benefit goes to...
48:20The...
48:21The Spanish...
48:22Claudillo...
48:23Or the...
48:23American Administrator...
48:25And it all goes to Washington...
48:26Or to Madrid...
48:27The benefits are not...
48:29Of having a good...
48:31Preno system...
48:31Is not...
48:32I don't recognize that anymore...
48:34So...
48:34I got stuck to the written rules...
48:37Maybe I don't even understand...
48:39Ano yung pedestrian rules...
48:42Basta...
48:42Unahan na lang...
48:43It's like also...
48:44With the traffic...
48:45Everybody just...
48:46Sige na lang...
48:47Basically...
48:48It's a rival of the fittest...
48:49Kung ikaw ang...
48:50Kung ikaw ang...
48:51Mas malakas...
48:51O mas malaki...
48:53Mas...
48:54May karapatan ka...
48:56Yeah...
48:56So wala nang...
48:57Wala nang...
48:58Panay-pantay na...
48:59Ayan...
49:00Ayan ang...
49:00Ayan ang nagiging mentality...
49:01Basta mas...
49:02Mas may power ka...
49:03You become impunicized...
49:06Kasi...
49:07I have all the...
49:08I have all the powerful keys...
49:11I can get into any door...
49:12And I can unlock any door...
49:13If I...
49:14If I get caught...
49:16So...
49:16In a way...
49:17Kapwa is just...
49:18An additional...
49:19Internal...
49:21Preno...
49:21And I think cultural internal...
49:22Internal...
49:24Importante yun...
49:25For a people...
49:26When you've been colonized...
49:27And you have a different set of standards...
49:29Na inimpose sa'yo...
49:31And you follow it...
49:32You just...
49:33Like you just memorize the rules...
49:34Pero...
49:35It's not natural...
49:36It's not going to come to us...
49:38So...
49:39Kapwa...
49:40Yeah...
49:40Maybe I'm a romantic artist...
49:42And...
49:42Thanks to my wife...
49:44I got...
49:45Became aware of kapwa...
49:46Pero when I listen to...
49:48Cardinal...
49:50David...
49:51Talking about...
49:52Dat walang paki...
49:53And I try to...
49:54Figure out...
49:56It's nga...
49:56Walang...
49:57Walang...
49:58We don't...
49:59Have a...
49:59Internal mechanism...
50:01So it's more...
50:01If I'm caught outside...
50:04Yan...
50:04Nahuli ako ng...
50:05Poliso...
50:05Yan...
50:06Pwede ko naman...
50:08So...
50:08We're...
50:09Everything is so rubberized...
50:11Because...
50:12Yeah...
50:12Maybe it's abusing the...
50:14Kapwa...
50:15Uh...
50:16Tendency...
50:17But I think...
50:17Kapwa is a strength...
50:18Rather than...
50:20A weakness...
50:21Unang bahagi pa lang yan...
50:22Podmates...
50:23Nang ating...
50:24Mahabang kwentuhan...
50:25Kasama si Kidlat Tahimik...
50:27Sa part 2...
50:28Ibabahagi ni Kidlat...
50:30Ang makulay na karanasan niya...
50:31Noong 1972 Olympics...
50:33Sa Munich, Germany...
50:35This Olympic Stadium was in front of me...
50:37I'm on the lawn...
50:38Behind me was the Olympic quarters of the athletes...
50:41And I could...
50:42Hear these helicopters...
50:44Coming back and forth...
50:46Nobody knew what was happening...
50:48Nguni the next day...
50:50Nung nabasa namin yung headlines...
50:52Nagkaroon ng massacre...
50:54So they were trying to decide whether to continue the games...
50:57And after one day...
50:58They announced...
50:59Okay...
50:59The games will go on...
51:00We cannot let...
51:01A bunch of terrorists...
51:03Uh...
51:04Intimidate us...
51:06At kung paano sila nagkakilala ni...
51:08Katrin...
51:08Ang asawa niyang...
51:09Alimar...
51:10She was also a Provinciana...
51:12She was...
51:13She was raised in a...
51:14Beside a lake...
51:15Outside of Munich...
51:17So...
51:18Nagayapak yan sa...
51:20When I first met her...
51:21She would walk on stone...
51:23Ako ganon...
51:24Pag ganon ganon pa ako...
51:26And...
51:27Those were things that I...
51:28And she had...
51:29This thing for nature...
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