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21:05aerial agility of a falcon.
21:15Coordinating panic among the kittywakes
21:17confuses their attacker.
21:33But the eagle doesn't give up.
21:48And it has got one.
22:04Another kind of seabird on Talan
22:07has a particularly effective way
22:09of defending itself against predators.
22:11But it doesn't appear
22:12until an hour before sunset.
22:18As if from nowhere,
22:20dense swarms of seabirds
22:22suddenly arrive offshore.
22:28They've spent the day feeding far away,
22:31where the sea ice has already broken up.
22:35Their crested orklets,
22:37hardly bigger than starlings.
22:39A million of them return to Talan each year
22:41to nest in its fields of boulders.
22:50For the hour before sunset,
22:53the hillsides come alive
22:54with huge flocks of certain orklets.
22:57They're nervous.
22:58No one wants to be the first to land.
23:08Orklets are very social
23:09when they're back together at the coast.
23:11One of the advantages
23:12of nesting in such densities
23:14may be the chance
23:15to share information
23:17on good feeding sites.
23:18It also gives them
23:20the opportunity to court.
23:26But perhaps most importantly,
23:29there is safety in numbers.
23:36Ravens and peregrines
23:38circle above the scree slope
23:39every evening.
23:56By taking off together,
23:58the orklets hope
23:59to confuse the predators.
24:00The orklets.
24:04The orklets.
24:10The orklets.
24:12Well,
24:29of the tvåel dibuj
24:31Eventually, their persistence pays off.
24:44The birds that face the greatest challenge in coming to the coast to nest
24:48are surely the penguins.
25:03Unable to fly, they have no alternative but to brave the immense waves.
25:20Most penguins live in the Southern Ocean,
25:22and they have to accept being hurled about by the surf.
25:44Whatever the weather, the penguin parents have to come back to feed their chicks.
25:58A southern sea lion bull, he knows the penguins always use the same traditional landing beach.
26:10Having braved the thundering surf, the penguins have to make a mad dash across open rock to get to their
26:16nests.
26:38Despite his massive size and the body adapted for swimming,
26:42the bull chases the penguins for 40 or 50 meters across the rocks.
26:46The penguins...
26:50The penguins...
26:56The penguins...
27:02The penguins...
27:39Having caught his penguin, the sea lion carries it out into deeper water, where, by violently thrashing the little body,
27:48he skins his meal.
27:58The seas around the Falklands are some of the roughest in the world.
28:04In spite of that, the southern ocean is home to millions of tiny seabirds, hardly bigger than swallows, petrels.
28:13Being so small, they're very vulnerable to the bad weather.
28:16A severe storm can blow them miles off course and keep them away from their nests for days.
28:22But these birds have developed a very effective solution to that problem.
28:29They lay a rather special egg.
28:32Most birds' eggs, left exposed for even a few hours, will chill and never hatch.
28:38But these eggs are different.
28:40They can be left for several days without incubation and remain undamaged while the parents struggle home for the storm.
28:51Prions have also come up with a good way to avoid most predators.
28:57They never come back to the coast until after dark.
29:02These are thin-billed prions.
29:05Their burrows honeycomb this hillside in the Falklands.
29:09It's deserted throughout the daylight hours, but as soon as it's dark and difficult for airborne predators to hunt, the
29:16prions return.
29:25As soon as they land, they call.
29:33The problem, of course, is finding your burrow among all the others.
29:39He's listening out for his mate's call.
29:44And down he goes.
29:53The Alaskan coast.
29:55In spring, and the last of the winter storms is subsiding.
30:01The plankton in this sea is in bloom again.
30:04And just offshore, humpback whales have returned to feed.
30:14For these huge animals, there's a real risk of coming into such shallow water.
30:19And each year, a good number of them pay the price.
30:28It's an ignominious ending for an aging whale.
30:31But so much flesh will not go to waste.
30:36A black bear emerges cautiously from the woods.
30:50Visitors to the coast that don't come to breed have usually come to scavenge.
30:55A whole range of different animals have learned to exploit the enormous quantity of food that washes up every day
31:02on coastlines around the world.
31:06But, like so much at the coast, the quantity of flotsam and jetsam is unpredictable.
31:11Nobody can rely on it alone.
31:18This carcass even attracted a shy pack of wolves.
31:22Only too happy to anoint themselves with the scent of rotting whale.
31:31It was months before the scavengers finally cleaned up all the meat on this huge and unpredictable gift from the
31:39sea.
31:45Whales give birth to their young at sea, and so can spend their entire lives there.
31:51Other marine mammals, ones that are in fact distant cousins of bears, have to return each year to their ancestral
31:58home on land.
32:05The high arctic.
32:07Here lives one of them, the walrus.
32:19Here's the back of the mountain.
32:20Walruses spend nearly all their lives at sea, but each year, for just a few weeks, they have to return
32:26to the coast.
32:29They seek out isolated beaches like this one on Round Island, in the far northern Pacific.
32:36Suitable sites like this, free from bears, are so scarce that at times as many as 14,000 animals will
32:43cram themselves onto this one beach.
32:55When they first emerge from the sea the walrus are white.
32:58That's because being warm-blooded animals living in a very cold ocean they conserve heat by keeping their blood concentrated
33:06in the core of their bodies.
33:08On land it's warm enough for them to allow their outer blood vessels to dilate and that turns their skin
33:15from white to pink.
33:25Now they can molt the outer layers of their skin rubbing themselves up against the rocks.
33:35But more than anything else, coming to land brings the walrus relief from having to spend energy maintaining their body
33:42temperature in an icy cold ocean.
33:48Heat conservation, in fact, may well be the primary reason so many sea mammals are forced to return to the
33:55land each year.
34:02The world's coldest seas are in Antarctica.
34:06Each spring half the world's southern elephant seals return to the island of South Georgia.
34:14Elephant seals have particularly thick insulation of blubber that keeps them warm.
34:19For them, breeding is the only reason to leave the sea.
34:28With temperatures down to minus 20 and 100 mile an hour winds, it can't be comfortable out on the beach.
34:35But heat dissipates more rapidly through water than through air.
34:39So even in these conditions, their young, which at first don't have a thick coat of blubber, will be far
34:45warmer on the land.
34:48Once the males are established on the beach, the females soon follow.
34:57Within just ten days, the empty beach fills up with 6,000 elephant seals.
35:06Almost immediately, the females give birth to pups sired the previous year.
35:21Their milk is very rich, and the pups grow astonishingly quickly.
35:33In just three weeks, they turn from thin bags of skin to fat balls of blubber.
35:40As soon as they've given birth, the females become sexually receptive again.
35:45And it's now that the advantages of breeding in such dense colonies become clear.
35:51Females can make their choice from many males, while successful males can have access to lots of females.
36:03But to gain that access and control a harem of females, a bull must be prepared to fight.
36:32The larger the male, the louder the roar, and the more likely he is to win.
36:47When males are well matched, these bloody battles will last 20 minutes or more.
37:11Eventually, the loser retreats into a stream already pink with his own blood.
37:28These battles certainly help females select the strongest bulls, but they bring great dangers for the pups.
37:46Each year, in the denser parts of the colony, a fifth of the pups are crushed to death.
37:52This is why it may be better to mate at the edge of the beach, close to the sea.
38:03Less dominant males hide in the surf.
38:06They're waiting to try and steal and elicit mating with females as they come and go.
38:15This male knows that he's been spotted by the big bull, who claims all the females on this part of
38:21the beach.
38:21nawet a diamond in the surfWhat you claim wherever you scombrates far from one other way.
38:51I don't know.
39:25Breeding in groups can bring advantages to pups as well as to adults.
39:37Along the coast of Patagonia, southern sea lions breed together each year in groups several
39:42hundred strong.
39:45For the growing pups, these colonies act rather like a school.
39:48The bonds and relationships developed here on the beach may be vital for the rest of
39:54their lives.
39:55Sea lions are very social animals and as adults and young forage together, they probably share
40:01information about the location of good feeding sites.
40:07Conditions here could hardly be better for the growing youngsters.
40:12As the tide goes out, it leaves behind a selection of sheltered pools.
40:18Perfect places for learning to swim.
40:55At high tide, it's easy for the pups to take their first experimental dips in the surf.
41:02Yeah.
41:30I do, I don't know.
41:31I do, I don't know.
41:35A killer whale.
41:39These young pups have never seen anything like it before.
41:55The whales, though, are very experienced.
41:58Each year, this same group turns up along the coast at precisely the same time as the pups are starting
42:04to swim.
42:15The whales need to surprise the pups, so they've stopped calling to one another and keep silent.
42:30Speed is everything.
42:36The whales do not take pups that are out of the water, but sometimes their momentum drives them right up
42:42the beach, and then there's real danger of getting stuck.
42:44To zombieelles is the only one that raged.
43:12The whales do not grip against theirミalaniac and it has been a huge breach on weapons a life, and they've
43:12dropped their best theory in which we punkt-loathe is specifically defined while they have an old ascendant.
45:53Even when the pup is dead, the whale's sport is not completely over.
46:28We can only speculate at the real reasons behind this extraordinary behaviour.
46:46But for the whales, the hunting season is a short one.
46:50Before long, the pups learn to stay well clear of the water and the whales become less and less successful.
46:57After just two weeks, the killing season is over.
47:14That's how it often happens along the coast.
47:17That's how it often happens along the coast.
47:18Things are always changing.
47:19They're never the same for long in this, the most dynamic of all the ocean's habitats.
47:26So it's how it är, but it's about to begin with you.
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