00:00It's certainly the case that the Cuban people are bearing the brunt of these sanctions.
00:03And if we look back historically, sanctions usually alone do not work.
00:09You need to couple sanctions with other forms of enticement and also punishment.
00:16And, you know, I mean, you can look anywhere you want, North Korea, Iraq, Iran.
00:20Sanctions typically have failed in and of themselves.
00:23But when coupled with the potential for using military force or coupled with diplomatic
00:28engagement, off ramps to crisis, then that is usually the way to go.
00:35And so the way so what's happening now between the U.S. and Cuba is quite alarming.
00:40There doesn't seem to be any diplomatic off ramp.
00:42We did have the CIA director visit the island a few weeks ago, and there was maybe some
00:48hope for discussions, except it seemed more like a warning that if things don't change,
00:54then, you know, the U.S. will continue to crush the Cuban economy.
00:57And so that, I think, is worrisome for everybody in the region.
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