- 2 days ago
Explores the incredible diversity of Britain's woodlands, taking viewers on a seasonal journey through forests, and revealing a host of animals and the hidden dramas that rule their lives...
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AnimalsTranscript
00:00I
00:31The Caledonian pine woods of the Scottish Highlands.
00:41This patch in the Cairngorms National Park
00:44is one of the oldest remnants of this ancient wild wood.
00:51It's a stage for an equally ancient drama.
00:56Woodland-dwelling golden eagles.
01:06These birds are clearly at home amongst the open old-growth forest.
01:17Golden eagles once flew across much of the uplands of Britain and Ireland
01:22but are now absent from many areas due to human persecution.
01:31So their huge three-metre nest on the edge of this wood is now a rare sight.
01:39The nest is home to two fully grown chicks.
01:44Unusual for golden eagles whose stronger chick kills the weaker in 80% of the nests.
02:02Today, the chicks have only been given a tiny weasel.
02:06It could be a way of telling them it's almost time to leave.
02:19Only one percent of these native pine forests are left.
02:23So when the chicks do fledge, their chances of finding a woodland nest of their own are slim.
02:33Ancient woodlands like these are now rare and precious.
02:53This magnificent oak is a very special tree for me.
02:58I've known it for over 70 years.
03:03That may sound a long time, but it's only about a tenth of the life of this tree.
03:10It's probably over 700 years old.
03:16In England alone, we have more ancient oaks than the whole of the rest of Europe put together.
03:23But since I was born, we have lost almost half of our ancient woodland.
03:28And now we are one of the least forested countries in Europe.
03:38Woodland covers only 13% of the British Isles.
03:43And human influence can be seen in every single bit of it.
03:48But despite this, there's a remarkable variety in the woodland that remains.
03:55Pines in the north.
03:58Broad-leaved woodlands in the south.
04:02And even rainforests, temperate ones, along our western shores.
04:09In this episode, we'll take you on a seasonal journey.
04:13To see how animals and plants respond to the challenges of life in our ever-changing woodlands.
04:26Our journey starts here, in the forest of Dean.
04:36It's winter.
04:42The low, weak sun brings little warmth.
04:56The low, weak sun brings little warmth.
04:59It's time for slumber.
05:03Hidden away, a tiny dormouse is hibernating.
05:10But not all the woodland residents can sleep throughout the winter.
05:16And one, in particular, has a problem.
05:20The robin.
05:25With snow blanketing the ground, the robin's favourite food, earthworms, are out of reach.
05:36Luckily, in this forest, help is at hand.
05:43Or rather, at snout.
05:53Wild boar once roamed woodlands right across Britain, but they were pushed to extinction by the 17th century.
06:06Now they're back, and although their return hasn't been welcomed by all, for this robin, they are invaluable.
06:20The boar use their strong, sensitive snouts to rip up the frozen ground.
06:31This exposes worms, and they are food for the robin.
06:39It's the restoration of an ancient relationship, and probably the reason why robins follow us around in the garden.
06:48For them, a human with a spade is just a pig on two legs.
06:59As winter loosens its grip, flowers emerge.
07:08Snowdrops are first, a sure sign that spring is just around the corner.
07:17Soon, more blooms appear, each adding a little colour to the dark forest floor.
07:28And inviting insects to spread their pollen.
07:38But while those on the ground take centre stage, the trees above put on a flower show that is just
07:45as dramatic.
07:49Willow catkins attract insects in early spring.
07:56But small birds also visit, feasting on the protein-rich pollen.
08:03Yellow smudges of it are carried on their foreheads from tree to tree.
08:11Willow trees are either male or female.
08:16And ewes are like this too.
08:20This group in Sussex are some of the oldest trees in Britain.
08:25And they have a different technique to spread their pollen.
08:32On warm days in spring, the flowers of the male tree open.
08:40And release huge clouds of pollen.
08:47The quantities are so great that the local fire brigade is sometimes called out by reports that the forest is
08:55burning.
09:00As the pollen drifts away, some of it may land on a female ewe, and so fertilise it.
09:17In the highlands of Scotland, something else drifts through the pine forests.
09:27The voice of a male cappochale.
09:33With only around 500 left in these fragmented woodlands,
09:39this is one of the rarest birds in the British Isles.
09:49It's mid-April, breeding season.
09:53And this huge turkey-sized male is strutting around his arena.
10:01In the trees above, a female, or hen, has arrived.
10:09The male, or cock, will perform like this for over six hours every morning.
10:18And it works.
10:24Several hens have gathered around the prancing preening alpha male.
10:40But with great success comes great danger.
10:47Until now, the other males have kept well away.
10:55But powered by a stomach full of pine needles, a rival enters the arena.
11:08He's almost a metre tall and weighs over four kilos.
11:13The two males size each other up with a few preliminary pecs.
11:21But with so many hens to fight for, battle commences.
11:35Contests like these can easily end in broken bones, and even death.
12:05The rival is starting to lose face.
12:08The rival is starting to lose face.
12:09The rival is starting to lose face.
12:10Basically forец.
12:39The rival is just for the mix.
12:40The time has not yet come.
12:45But at least he will live to fight another day.
12:53The Alpha returns to where the fight started.
12:57Tired, but triumphant.
13:01His reward is to mate with all the females
13:05who will then pass on his genes to the next generation.
13:10The species as a whole, however,
13:12is losing its battle to survive in the Scottish Highlands.
13:19Gappa caile became extinct in Britain once before,
13:23back in the 18th century.
13:26And now a combination of disturbance, predation,
13:30and poor quality habitat
13:32is pushing these birds to the brink once more.
13:39Soon, these extraordinary sights and sounds
13:42may disappear from our woodlands for a second time.
13:54In a deciduous woodland just outside London,
13:58the spring sun causes the trees to burst into life.
14:09On the forest floor, a huge mound, almost two metres high,
14:14comes to life as well.
14:17It's a nest of wood ants.
14:21The ants may be tiny, but they're well able to defend their home.
14:26Should any would-be predators approach,
14:30they defend themselves and their castle
14:32by squirting formic acid into the air.
14:38It's a brave bird indeed that will take on this army.
14:51Wood ants are insatiable hunters.
14:57They search the forest floor for food,
15:00swarming over anything that moves
15:02and dragging it back to the nest.
15:13It's thought that a single colony
15:16may consume over six million prey items every year.
15:23And not just on the forest floor.
15:31Up in the trees, caterpillars have emerged
15:34to take advantage of the newly opened leaves of spring.
15:42So the ants take to the trees.
15:47Caterpillars may look defenseless,
15:49but they have several ways of avoiding capture.
15:57The first is to do nothing.
16:01If they stay still,
16:04the ants might march on by.
16:12If detected, the second option is to stand and fight.
16:24Some caterpillars have a surprisingly effective bite.
16:34If that also fails,
16:36they resort to their third and final option.
16:41they attach a line of silk to a leaf or stalk
16:45and descend into space.
16:51But this lifeline can break.
17:04But these wood ants don't just prey on other species.
17:11They farm them too.
17:18Aphids drill into the trees to collect the sap that's their only food.
17:26And they excrete a liquid waste we call, somewhat flatteringly,
17:31honeydew.
17:36The ants collect it,
17:38just as human farmers collect milk from cows.
17:44The honeydew is shared throughout the colony.
17:50Which may consume a quarter of a tonne in a single year.
18:03From hunting caterpillars to milking aphids,
18:07the ants have a huge impact on the entire woodland.
18:14It's a delicately balanced system,
18:17but the presence of the ants is a sure sign of a healthy forest.
18:33A quiet corner of an ancient cemetery in Surrey.
18:42It's late spring and a female roe deer
18:45is feeding on one of the oaks that have taken root here.
18:52She is on high alert.
18:56Because with her, amongst the graves,
18:59is new life.
19:01Her fawn.
19:03Just a few days old
19:06and at his most vulnerable.
19:17Predators have also made a home amongst the old graves.
19:25A fox would make an easy meal of a fawn.
19:34While the youngster suckles, he's safe.
19:37A fox wouldn't dare take on a fully grown deer.
19:44But hiding silently nearby is her second fawn.
19:54A speckled coat makes her less obvious in the dappled light.
20:01Once her brother has had his fill,
20:04he goes off and hides,
20:08giving her a chance to feed.
20:14Their mother keeps them apart.
20:18So that if one is caught,
20:19the other might still escape.
20:27Soon, they will both be too big for a fox to be a danger.
20:32But in times gone by, wolves and lynx would have been a constant threat.
20:42Our woodlands now lack these bigger predators.
20:57Here on the Nepp Estate in Sussex,
21:01grazing animals have been used to recreate a type of woodland
21:05that once covered large parts of the British Isles.
21:10Wood pasture.
21:11Wood pasture.
21:15In just 20 years,
21:17this has produced the conditions needed
21:19by one of our most spectacular insects.
21:29The Purple Emperor Butterfly.
21:33It's mid-summer,
21:35and from the top of an oak,
21:36the male can watch for females
21:38as they emerge from the scrub below.
21:42And he defends his treetop throne with great vigour.
21:48He's one of our biggest butterflies
21:50and will take on any intruder.
21:55He even attacks passing birds.
22:07But only one intruder really matters.
22:11Another male Purple Emperor.
22:15And one has appeared.
22:22The two circle at high speed.
22:26Only by slowing the picture down 30 times
22:29can we see what's going on.
22:36They use their eight-centimetre wings as weapons,
22:40attempting to knock each other out of the sky.
22:48The males only live for a few weeks,
22:51so it's all or nothing in this fight.
22:56Soon, a third male appears.
23:09But the resident male sees off his challengers.
23:14His wings may be tattered,
23:16but he's held on to his tiny empire
23:18and with it is breeding rights.
23:27The Atlantic Oakwoods are one of our rarest kind of woodlands.
23:33High rainfall, numerous rivers,
23:37and mild humid conditions create a lush environment.
23:43These are temperate rainforests.
23:49They have now been reduced to a fraction of their original range
23:53across Western Britain and Ireland.
24:00In this patch in an isolated valley on Dartmoor,
24:04a dream-like scene plays out under the midsummer moon.
24:10An ash-black slug.
24:15Up to 30 centimetres long,
24:18these are the largest land slugs in the world.
24:25They are almost exclusively found in ancient wet woods.
24:31And on this damp night,
24:34this slug is looking for a partner.
24:40It lays down a trail of slime,
24:42which carries powerful chemical signals.
24:47The scent is an irresistible invitation
24:51to another ash-black slug.
25:00Once the pair reach the treetops,
25:03slugs,
25:04they become more intimate.
25:08They nuzzle to make sure that they're suitably matched.
25:15Slugs are hermaphrodites,
25:18each equipped with both male and female sexual organs.
25:28preliminaries complete.
25:30An overhanging branch provides a hold for the consummation.
25:38Twisting together, they hang down as one.
25:42Two penises start to protrude.
25:59Each one becomes as long as the rest of its owner's body.
25:59Entwining together, each becomes as long as the rest of its owner's body.
26:23Each slug now passes a packet of sperm to the other.
26:37But the end of the relationship is abrupt.
26:42The leftover slime is the only evidence that the encounter ever happened.
26:57Back in the pine woods of Scotland,
27:00summer is the season of opportunity.
27:04The cones at the top of the trees are now ripe.
27:13A male red squirrel jumps into action.
27:29He starts to feed on the rich, oily seeds the cones contain.
27:37But he is a messy eater.
27:41And his leftovers alert others to what is now available.
27:47A female.
27:50She is late to the party.
27:58High above, the male sees her coming.
28:07He's in no mood to share.
28:29Driven off, the female considers her options.
28:35If she can sneak around the other side of the tree,
28:39she may be able to arrive unseen.
28:43But in this open woodland, that is easier said than done.
28:49So she does the one thing a red squirrel usually avoids.
28:56She leaves the trees.
29:00Leaping from tree to tree in old-growth pine woods is usually impossible.
29:05So the deer path is her only option.
29:10That ends where the pine trees give way to birch.
29:21These quick-growing trees stand between the pines,
29:25and their slender branches provide alternative access for the female.
29:38One last obstacle remains.
29:45Get this wrong, and it's a long way down.
29:58She's made it.
30:01Back to the tree with the ripe pine cones.
30:08And the male hasn't even noticed.
30:12For now.
30:18It's the end of July in the new forest.
30:23Two honey buzzard chicks are squabbling over their breakfast.
30:30It's late to be nesting, so they need to grow up fast.
30:35And although a frog is not their favourite food,
30:39beggars can't be choosers.
30:46Frog dispatched, a decent meal finally arrives.
30:52It's the comb from a wasp's nest, packed full of protein-rich grubs.
31:02This explains the timing.
31:06Their parents migrated here from Africa to nest,
31:10just as the wasps reached their peak numbers in the late summer.
31:19With a ready supply of rich food finally established,
31:24the chicks grow extremely fast.
31:30And they continue to fight.
31:35But in typical British fashion,
31:38the weather makes things a bit miserable at times.
31:43It could be why honey buzzards are one of our rarest breeding birds.
31:49You can't always rely on a ready supply of wasps
31:53with summers like ours.
32:02By mid-August, the chicks are growing proper feathers.
32:07The males are mousy brown,
32:10and the female has a handsome white head.
32:15She usually dominates when it comes to squabbles over food.
32:23But there is plenty to go round,
32:26if you can get your beak on it.
32:34Some of the wasp larvae in the nest are hatching into adults.
32:38But overlapping feathers provide protection against possible stings.
32:45And a third, transparent eyelid, called a nictitating membrane,
32:51protects their eyes.
32:57It's fast approaching the time when the chicks will have to leave the nest
33:02and fend for themselves.
33:06Flapping the wings builds their strength.
33:13And every day, the chicks gain confidence,
33:18if not elegance.
33:28By late August, their time has come to leave.
33:35The female chick takes her first ever flight.
33:45Followed, a few flaps later, by her brother.
33:52They will soon set off on a 3,000-mile journey to Africa.
33:59Escaping the approaching chill of our autumn days.
34:12With the arrival of the new season,
34:15our woodlands begin to shut down.
34:19The leaves change colour.
34:22And a hush descends on many of our forests.
34:32But not all of them.
34:39Fallow deer bucks have gathered to fight for the right to mate.
34:45Advertising their presence by roaring.
34:54They were introduced in the 11th century by the Normans
34:57and initially kept in private parks.
35:01But they soon escaped and spread across much of the British Isles.
35:07The does watch on.
35:12They're likely to mate with the biggest and most persistent roarer here.
35:20But the choice is theirs.
35:23Some males thrash the undergrowth.
35:29And antlers become adorned with foliage.
35:36This young buck has yet to impress.
35:46But he hangs around the edges just in case.
35:52The frequency and quality of a buck's roar is an indication that he's in good condition.
36:01But if a challenger approaches,
36:04the next step is the parallel walk.
36:14If it's an obvious mismatch, they might still save their energy.
36:19But this looks as if it could be a fair fight.
36:31The buck's can weigh up to a hundred kilos.
36:42The wrong move now could be fatal.
37:01In the pandemonium, other males join the battle.
37:25As they fight, the does sidle away.
37:28As they fight, the does sidle away.
37:32They join the small male on the edge of the wood.
37:48Although his technique still needs a little improvement,
37:54this could be the young buck's lucky day.
38:07As the sounds of the rut fade,
38:11hitherto hidden players in the woodland drama appear.
38:24Fungi.
38:30The cool, wet days trigger an eruption of mushrooms and toadstools
38:36across the forest floor.
38:40These are the fungi's fruiting bodies
38:43and they have just one function.
38:46To spread their spores.
38:51Some simply allow their spores to slip out of the gills beneath their caps.
39:00Others wait for a gust of wind to carry theirs into the air.
39:12Puffballs rely on the rain.
39:18One droplet is enough to trigger the projection of a puffball spores far and wide.
39:30mushrooms and toadstools can be highly visible, but they are only a tiny part of each fungus.
39:37And it's only recently that we've started to understand what some of these organisms are doing
39:43when they're out of our sight.
39:47underground, mycorrhizal fungi send out a web of tiny filaments called hyphae.
39:55These soon encounter tree roots.
39:59The two organisms then connect.
40:03And now they can share resources.
40:08The fungus gets sugars from the trees and the tree gets water and minerals from the fungus.
40:17And the sharing doesn't stop there.
40:21The fungi link trees and plants together in a mutually beneficial network called by some the wood wide web.
40:30We can see how this web works by speeding through the year in the Suffolk woodland.
40:37After a winter of dormancy, the woodland in spring bursts to life.
40:45Excess resources stored by the mature trees move through the fungal web and give sprouting saplings a good start.
40:55But new growth attracts leaf eaters.
41:01Plants under attack emit distress signals.
41:05By using specialised equipment, we can listen to these signals as they travel through the web.
41:22This is the sound of plant communications.
41:26And those that detect it can activate chemical defences so that if they are attacked, their leaves are already distasteful.
41:37Summer brings its own danger.
41:39Drought.
41:42Young trees may struggle as their limited liquid reserves are depleted.
41:49But the network can come to their rescue once again.
41:54Water moves from deep rooted trees to others in greater need.
42:02These complex relationships exist in every woodland.
42:05And 90% of all our plants depend on them.
42:15But such networks take time to develop.
42:20Ancient diverse woodlands have more fungal connections and support more life.
42:27Than young plantations that contain just a single species.
42:34Such monocultures usually consist of fast-growing non-native trees that today account for almost half of all our tree
42:44cover.
42:48This plantation, hemmed in by farmland on one side and Bodmin Moor on the other, is cold, dark and inhospitable.
43:02But birds are using this wood as a temporary home.
43:06But birds are using this wood as a temporary home.
43:07And its branches are caked with the evidence.
43:12As the late winter sun begins to sink, the tenants return.
43:21Starlings.
43:23They've been out feeding all day, but as the cold night draws in, their numbers start to increase.
43:30Up to a million birds will use this small plantation as their overnight roost.
43:38But others know this.
43:42Buzzards hope to snatch a weak bird from amongst the flock.
43:54And up above, a peregrine.
44:00The starling flocks swirl and coalesce as they react to the predator's presence.
44:22There is safety in numbers.
44:24By gathering in huge flocks, the chances of getting caught are reduced enormously for any one bird.
44:52The light starts to fade and the starlings come down to roost.
45:03As their numbers increase, so does the noise.
45:15In this chatter is information.
45:27Birds continue to join the roost long after the sun has set.
45:34Revealed by thermal cameras.
45:46They pack ever more tightly into the plantation.
45:56Until, to our camera, the trees are illuminated like skyscrapers at night.
46:06In close-up, it becomes clear that there are vigorous arguments over the best perches.
46:14Because even now, the starlings are not safe.
46:21A barn owl.
46:26Wraith-like, it hovers above the roost.
46:30Causing panic among the birds perched beneath.
46:40The owl takes its time.
46:58It is a remarkable hunting technique, revealed for the first time by using these specialist cameras.
47:15As soon as dawn arrives, the birds leave to resume their feeding.
47:33The size of these winter flocks may give the impression that starlings are doing well.
47:39But in fact, their numbers in recent years have diminished by 80%.
47:52Our woodlands are now expanding.
47:55But the new plantations are mostly of low diversity.
48:01We need to give better protection to the native woodlands that remain.
48:08Restore those that we have lost.
48:11And allow our trees the time and space to spread naturally.
48:21It will take many years to recreate anything as rich as the woodlands that we once had.
48:29But surely, it should be our target to do so.
48:47To reveal the intimate lives of two very different bird species,
48:52two teams filmed in two distinct types of woodland at opposite ends of our isles.
48:59In Scotland, a family of eagles take advantage of the open and spacious old-growth forest.
49:08While in Cornwall, this dense strip of plantation is a winter roost for nearly a million starlings.
49:16They're well known for their astonishing murmurations.
49:20But the team want to get a more intimate look and reveal what goes on in the roost after dark.
49:28To do that, they need to get amongst the closely planted trees,
49:33where it's dark, lifeless and rather smelly.
49:37Oh, that's gross.
49:38It's all just pretty fresh.
49:40You can see about a good couple of centimetres of bird poo on the branches,
49:45as well as the visuals of all the birds coming in that we're trying to get.
49:49I'm really keen to try and get a real multi-sensory experience as much as possible.
49:53Sadly, we can't share the smell and it's coating the ground as well,
49:56so it's probably, yeah, a good four or five centimetres of bird poo there as well.
50:02So this definitely feels like it probably is the centre of the roost.
50:07Having sniffed out the roost, the team build a platform
50:11so that they can rig remotely operated cameras up in the canopy.
50:17We've got the full tower up now, so we're pretty much at the top of the trees,
50:21which really feels like you're in the middle of the roost.
50:24Hopefully the birds will surround us and we'll be able to get some really nice intimate close-up shots of
50:28them.
50:28The remote cameras allow cameraman Joe Charlesworth to hide out of sight below.
50:36So everything's working and as long as the birds don't fly into the other end of the woods,
50:41it's just a case of waiting for them to arrive.
50:48450 miles to the north, cameraman Hamza Yassine is searching the Scottish Highlands
50:54for golden eagles and their nest.
50:59I'm hiking through this amazing, amazing ancient woodland.
51:04There's still snow on the ground as you can see, and it's Baltic.
51:10With only 20 pairs of tree-nesting golden eagles in the whole of the British Isles,
51:15finding a nest that the team can film is no easy task.
51:21Hamza climbs to a good vantage point, where he can scan as much of the forest as possible.
51:29It's a waiting game.
51:35So I'm scanning the high ridge line there, waiting for the golden eagles to pop up,
51:42and then figure out where they're coming down to their nest.
51:48Yes, we have contact.
51:50The first golden eagle has been spotted, and it's only...
51:556.30 in the morning. Come on.
51:58Their nest is likely to be nearby.
52:02They're bringing in nesting material, which is the best thing ever.
52:07But still doesn't show me where the nest is exactly.
52:11Halfway there. Halfway there.
52:14The next day, Hamza drives closer to pinpoint where they are.
52:20Oh, here we go. Here we go. Come on.
52:24Ah, finally.
52:26An adult leaving the nest reveals its exact location.
52:31Three days' work has paid off. That's incredible.
52:35The team can now return later in the year to film the ticks when they hatch.
52:43In Cornwall, the starlings are arriving back at their roost.
52:49Joe's hard work pays off,
52:52and he captures the starlings as they crowd into the canopy around his cameras.
52:59He gives a unique insight into what it's like to be amongst a million roosting birds.
53:07And the team also record the sound of the flock as they settle down for the night.
53:16This is actually insane now.
53:21We're literally in the middle of a starling roost.
53:29But the following day, the roost is silent.
53:33The birds have disappeared.
53:36You thought a million birds.
53:38Well, thereabouts might be quite easy to spot.
53:42Apparently not.
53:44We're pretty sure they must be in the area, but...
53:46It's a big old area.
53:50While Chris has lost a million birds in Cornwall,
53:55in Scotland, the eagles are right where the team want them to be.
54:02In a hide installed by the estate,
54:05cameraman John Aitchison is able to film right into the nest.
54:10So at the moment I can see in the tree,
54:14which I have to say is probably the most beautiful eagles nest I've ever seen,
54:18in the top of a big Caledonian pine, like Scots pine tree,
54:22that is carrying on with their lives.
54:25Especially if I'm quiet.
54:27I shouldn't make any difference to them at all.
54:30Director Lily watches from the other side of the valley.
54:34They're exceptional parents.
54:36They're bringing in food constantly.
54:37That nest is so well stocked.
54:40The hard-won view of the rare nest
54:42gives the crew a special insight
54:44into the lives of these tree-nesting eagles.
54:48There's so many things that I've learnt
54:51over just these ten days being here.
54:53And it's been a real privilege getting to know these birds.
54:55Capturing these intimate moments
54:57took a huge effort from the crew,
55:00working alongside the local team
55:02who protect this ancient forest and its inhabitants.
55:10Back in Cornwall, the team have found the starlings
55:13and it's time to take things a step further.
55:17A thermal imaging camera allows them to film the starlings in a new way,
55:22revealing their behaviour in the roost after dark.
55:27It's sort of very Christmassy about it.
55:30All these trees festooned with light.
55:33And they capture the exact moment that a night-time predator arrives.
55:38Yes. Yes. Yes.
55:41A barn owl only visible with the help of the thermal camera.
55:49The intimate moments captured in these very different forests
55:53are proof that many spectacular animals still call our woodlands home.
56:00These are important habitats,
56:01from the gorgeous, gorgeous golden eagle
56:04up in that nest in the Kangals,
56:05down to the starlings using this,
56:07you know, apparently pretty low-grade woodland
56:10on the edge of Bobbin Moor.
56:13Every little bit is really important.
56:14We've got to look after it. It's precious and it's special.
56:23Next time, Grasslands.
56:28Where hidden stories
56:32meet epic dramas.
56:47The Open University has produced a free poster
56:51exploring our wild isles and their diverse habitats and species.
56:56Order your copy by calling 0300 303 0265
57:01or go to bbc.co.uk forward slash wild isles
57:07and follow the links to the Open University.
57:10If you'd like to play your part in restoring our wild isles
57:14and learn more about what you can do to help,
57:17just search Wild Isles on the BBC website.
57:44Where you are all moving to the org's
57:51So with manuscripting Skii bridge the series with just Script bank mark.
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