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Agence internationale de l'énergie : le monde fait face à la plus grave crise de sécurité énergétique moderne liée au blocage du détroit d’Ormuz, entretien exclusif avec Fatih Birol.
LIRE L’ARTICLE : http://fr.euronews.com/2026/05/28/europe-today-laie-met-en-garde-contre-la-pire-crise-energetique-de-lhistoire-moderne
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NewsTranscription
00:00Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
00:36C'est parti !
01:00C'est parti !
01:08To Brussels' rule of law chief, Michael McGrath.
01:11Meanwhile, as NATO carries out military exercises on the Russia-Finland border,
01:15Poland's Donald Tusk is in London, building closer diplomatic ties with the UK.
01:20Prompted by the ongoing war in Ukraine,
01:23the two countries have signed a historic defence deal
01:25and a new master plan to counter a regular migration.
01:28But first, Israel has warned thousands of civilians to evacuate their homes in southern Lebanon
01:35ahead of a fresh wave of airstrikes.
01:37It comes as the US carries out new strikes inside Iran, targeting a military facility.
01:43Meanwhile, this Thursday, the International Energy Agency is warning the world is facing
01:48the, quote, biggest energy security crisis in modern history,
01:52as the shutdown in the Strait of Hormuz continues to rattle the global energy market.
01:57Our Europe editor, Maria Tadeo, sat down with the agency's executive director, Fatih Birol,
02:02in an exclusive interview from Paris, where they discuss the outlook for Europe
02:06and, of course, the risks ahead.
02:09I label this crisis as the largest energy crisis in the history.
02:15We had three energy crises up to now,
02:18and two oil crises in the 1970s, 1973 and 1979,
02:23and in 2022, after the Russia's invasion of Ukraine in Europe,
02:28we had a natural gas crisis.
02:31If I add how much oil and gas we lost in this all three crises,
02:38it is much less than what we lost in the Middle East crisis, Iran crisis now.
02:44It's a huge problem for the global energy system,
02:48global economy for Europe and beyond.
02:51And when you say this will trigger fundamental changes,
02:54especially you, and I want to reiterate this,
02:55you talk about energy but also energy security.
02:58What kind of changes are you envisioning?
03:00Because this shows us that the world is becoming more and more a dangerous place.
03:08And here the countries want to secure their energy supplies,
03:14and this would mean that the countries will review their energy strategies,
03:19which technologies, which fuels they are going to choose,
03:23and with which countries they are going to work,
03:26from which countries they import energy, for example,
03:29and they are going to review their energy strategies,
03:32and this will have major implications for the investment and beyond.
03:35And some would argue no continent has paid such a high price
03:38over its strategic dependencies than Europe.
03:40But before we get into that, I also want to ask you,
03:43for European viewers, in mid-April, you made some comments,
03:47which obviously made a lot of headlines, certainly in Europe,
03:50about jet fuel.
03:52You warned that in six weeks there could be no jet fuel.
03:54That created a lot of anxiety among finance ministers,
03:57and also just Europeans who thought,
03:59this summer, am I going to be able to go on vacation?
04:01Am I going to be able to pay for fuel tickets?
04:04What is the situation now?
04:06Because from the outside, it seems a very stressed-out scenario
04:09did not fully manifest.
04:11But is it the case?
04:12Yeah.
04:12So the reason I said this is very simple.
04:17Europe imports about 75% of it is jet fuel from Middle East normally,
04:23and it is not finished.
04:26And when we look at our stocks, jet fuel stocks,
04:30they are diminishing.
04:32And I said, we said that if Europe cannot find new sources of imports,
04:39we are going to have major problems in terms of flying.
04:43Now, in the meantime, Europe was able to get some jet fuel
04:47from United States and from Nigeria
04:50to compensate this gap from Middle East.
04:54So, which means that we are now sort of okay
04:59when we are entering the traveling season,
05:02but we are going to pay much higher for flying here or there.
05:08And, of course, that takes us to the idea
05:10that this is not necessarily a supply crisis,
05:12but a price crisis.
05:13I do want to ask you...
05:14Exactly.
05:14But also, let's not forget that many companies,
05:17after I made this announcement,
05:18many companies, the Lufthansa,
05:22the Scandinavian, the Ryanair,
05:24and all of them, KLM, they cut their flights.
05:27And they cut their flights.
05:28And just on this point,
05:30because I think this is very important,
05:32some, certainly in Brussels,
05:34believed that statements like that,
05:35they were contributing to fear-mongering.
05:38Is that something that you would go,
05:40no, this was my duty and I had to say what I said
05:42and I stand by those comments?
05:43We...
05:44Our motto is very clear.
05:46No fear, no favor.
05:48We look at the data,
05:49we say give a wake-up call to the countries,
05:52and if we didn't give this wake-up call,
05:54they wouldn't rush to get from Nigeria
05:57and the United States.
05:58And thanks to them,
06:00thanks to this, our wake-up call,
06:02they were able to get some jet fuel
06:05from U.S. and Nigeria,
06:07which barely now, this is the problem.
06:11So, in that sense,
06:12is the situation,
06:13the outlook now for Europe,
06:16looking relatively better
06:17compared to two months ago,
06:19or is this still uncertainty
06:20because we're seeing the Commission
06:21just got their forecast for growth this year?
06:24Yes.
06:24I wouldn't say better,
06:26but less worse than before.
06:28And what does that mean this year?
06:30What are the scenarios that you paint?
06:32Until, of course,
06:33we don't know what will happen
06:34with the state of Hormuz,
06:36I very much hope that very soon
06:38we get a fully and unconditional
06:41opening of state of Hormuz.
06:43If it doesn't happen,
06:45the problem with the jet fuel
06:46and diesel and beyond
06:48will be with us for weeks to come.
06:53And that was Fati Birol there,
06:55the head of the International Energy Agency.
06:57And you can catch the full interview tonight
06:59with Maria Taddeo on Euronews.
07:01But now to Finland,
07:03where NATO is conducting military exercises
07:05close to the Russian border this Thursday,
07:07amid ongoing concerns in Baltic states
07:09about increased drone incursions.
07:11Our NATO correspondent,
07:13Shona Murray, is on the ground
07:14and is joining us live this morning
07:16from Finland just 30 kilometres
07:18from the border with Russia.
07:20Good morning, Shona.
07:21Just tell us about these drills
07:22and are they actually responding
07:24to the drone threat?
07:28Yes, indeed.
07:29Good morning, Maeve.
07:30Well, certainly the exercises
07:31we've seen over the past couple of days,
07:33Northern Star Sword 26,
07:34and we're in the middle of one of these exercises right now,
07:38which is why you'll see the tank behind me
07:39and you could see some simulation of live fire.
07:42But essentially what they're doing
07:44is trying to modernise NATO
07:46in response to what we're seeing in Ukraine.
07:49And it's essentially called
07:50NATO's Eastern Flank Deterrence Innovation.
07:53It includes things like traditional capabilities
07:56like the tank behind the Chinook military helicopters,
08:00armed forces,
08:01but then, of course,
08:02very important advanced drone technology,
08:05reconnaissance drones,
08:07anti-personnel drones,
08:08because very much taking into account
08:10what's been happening here
08:12at the Finnish border
08:13and other Baltic states borders
08:14over the past few weeks,
08:15but also the past couple of years
08:17since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine,
08:19you've seen a lot of threats
08:21coming from Russian aggression.
08:23So what we also will see
08:25is basically a renewed cyber technology,
08:28autonomous zones,
08:29and effectively the drone wall
08:31we've all been talking about.
08:32But listen,
08:33take a listen to Major Matt Blueby
08:36from the U.S. Army
08:37who told me about this,
08:38what he calls a kill zone.
08:41A big part of that is
08:42not just our own drones,
08:44but us having sensors,
08:47a system of networked sensors
08:48all integrated together
08:49through the same mission command
08:50systems,
08:52and us linking those together
08:54gives us that ability.
08:55And so it gives us the ability
08:57to have an autonomous kill web
08:59that we have.
09:00So whether you have,
09:01say, incursions in Estonia,
09:03but systems in Latvia or Lithuania
09:06that can see those,
09:07then, you know,
09:08someone else can use their technology
09:11to take those threats out.
09:13So Shona,
09:14the U.S. is participating
09:15in this exercise.
09:17So does that mean
09:17they're fully committed
09:18to the NATO alliance?
09:22Yeah,
09:23it's a very important question,
09:24Maeve,
09:24because the Americans
09:25have actually led
09:25the SWORD 26 part
09:27of the exercise,
09:28which is very important.
09:28And as I said,
09:29deals with NATO's
09:30eastern flank
09:31and it's also about innovation.
09:33So it is about the future.
09:34Having said all that,
09:36we know that the United States
09:37is withdrawing its capabilities
09:39from the future of NATO,
09:41essentially meaning that
09:42the U.S. won't be supplying
09:44or won't make available
09:46capabilities to NATO
09:47in times of war
09:49or any sort of invasion.
09:50And that's very much
09:51a Trump administration decision,
09:52because as we know,
09:53the U.S. has been
09:54a leading member of NATO
09:56for several decades
09:57and does very much
09:58take part enthusiastically
10:00in these exercises.
10:01But there is no doubt
10:02that it's not
10:03a philosophical conversation anymore.
10:05The U.S. is
10:06pulling out of NATO
10:07and basically
10:08the rest of NATO
10:09has to pull up its socks
10:10and basically try to
10:12fill that gap
10:12of those capabilities
10:13in the future.
10:14Maeve?
10:15Okay, Shona Murray,
10:16thank you so much
10:16for that live broadcast there
10:18from the Finnish-Russian border.
10:20And now these exercises
10:21and the recent expansion
10:22of NATO
10:23are all down to the fact
10:24that Russia invaded Ukraine
10:25illegally back in 22
10:27and shows no signs
10:28of backing down.
10:29For more on the high stakes
10:31of these security threats,
10:32our Ukraine correspondent,
10:34Sasha Vakilina,
10:35spoke to the former
10:36Prime Minister of the country,
10:37Arsenio Yatsenyuk.
10:40Europeans have to realise
10:41that this war relates
10:43not only to Ukraine,
10:45they are going after
10:46every single European citizen,
10:48every single European country.
10:52And Ukraine actually today
10:54is on the front line
10:55of defending both Ukraine,
10:57because we are defending ourselves
10:58and defending the European Union.
11:01The real understanding
11:02comes only in case
11:03if you feel it,
11:04if you see it,
11:06if you can listen
11:08to an air raid siren.
11:10We are living
11:11in a completely new world
11:13and on the one hand,
11:15I wish every single European citizen
11:18to be in safety.
11:19On the other hand,
11:21I wish all of us
11:22to realise
11:23that you folks
11:24can be safe
11:25only in one case,
11:26if we as Ukrainians
11:27win this war, period.
11:28You met Putin.
11:30Correct.
11:31What's your take
11:32as somebody
11:32who actually met
11:33Russia's president?
11:35Should there be
11:35the negotiating table,
11:37let's say,
11:37with the EU represented
11:38either by Kayakalos
11:40or Antonio Košča,
11:41that's another name
11:42that's been circulating
11:43in Brussels?
11:44Let me go back
11:45to square one.
11:47First,
11:48please do not
11:48underestimate
11:49this war criminal.
11:51He's not an idiot.
11:53He's a KGB operative.
11:54He has changed
11:56definitely dramatically
11:57in the last decade,
11:59no doubt.
12:00But he still has
12:04quite effective
12:06top military
12:07and security
12:07brass.
12:11So,
12:12he's less strategic,
12:14he's more tactical.
12:17And he
12:19always has
12:20the sense of
12:21whether you are weak
12:22or you are strong.
12:24so he makes
12:25a sniff test
12:26of each person
12:28he meets.
12:29But whether
12:30we have
12:31an ability
12:32and whether
12:33do we have
12:34a chance
12:34to outplay him,
12:36yes,
12:36we do.
12:37No doubt.
12:41And now
12:42we move on
12:42to Spain
12:43where anti-corruption
12:44police have raided
12:45the headquarters
12:46of the ruling
12:46Socialist Party
12:47in Madrid.
12:48The heat is on
12:49current Prime Minister
12:50Pedro Sánchez
12:51who's facing
12:51public criticism
12:53from a string
12:53of corruption
12:54scandals involving
12:55his close contacts.
12:56For more,
12:57we can cross now
12:57live to Madrid
12:58where Euronews
12:59correspondent
12:59Rafael Salido
13:00is standing by
13:01for us
13:01outside the seat
13:03of the Socialist Party.
13:04Good morning,
13:05just tell us
13:05about the raids
13:06that took place
13:06there yesterday.
13:09Hi, good morning,
13:11Maeve.
13:11So yes,
13:12once again
13:12here in Spain
13:13yesterday
13:14we woke up
13:15to the news
13:16of yet another
13:17investigation
13:17involving
13:18the ruling party,
13:19the Spanish
13:20Socialist Party.
13:21Yesterday,
13:22federal agents
13:23came and entered
13:24the national
13:25headquarters
13:26of the party
13:27here in my back.
13:28They were
13:29executing a judge
13:30order,
13:31a request
13:31for documents,
13:32in a case
13:35investigating
13:36alleged payments
13:37to a party
13:38operative
13:38called
13:39Lady Diaz.
13:40From the party
13:41they insist
13:42that this was
13:43just a request
13:44of documents,
13:45not so much
13:45as a formal warrant.
13:47However,
13:48at the same time
13:49that the policemen
13:49were in the headquarters,
13:52the authorities
13:53were executing
13:54several search warrants
13:55in private homes
13:56of people
13:57supposedly involved
13:59in this investigation.
14:00The purpose
14:01of this investigation
14:02with this still
14:03under gag order
14:04is to find out
14:05whether Diaz
14:06was acting
14:07on her behalf
14:08or she was being,
14:10she was receiving
14:11instructions
14:12from the party
14:13or even the government.
14:15So what is next
14:16and how is
14:17the Prime Minister
14:18Pedro Sanchez
14:18responding to all this?
14:21Well,
14:22actually,
14:23Prime Minister
14:23Pedro Sanchez
14:24was yesterday
14:25meeting
14:26with the Pope
14:27Leo XIV
14:28in the Vatican
14:29when he found out
14:30about the raid
14:31in the headquarters.
14:33After the meeting
14:34he spoke to the press
14:36where he insisted,
14:37first of all,
14:38that this was not a raid
14:39but just a search warrant,
14:42a search for information.
14:44And even though
14:45he did strike
14:46a cautious tone,
14:48he did recognize
14:49the seriousness
14:50of the situation
14:51involving his party.
14:53However,
14:54he insisted
14:55that the PSOE
14:56has nothing to hide.
14:58He also insisted
15:00that he's not planning
15:01on calling elections
15:02or resigning at all.
15:03And he reiterated
15:05his support
15:06for former Prime Minister
15:08José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
15:10who is actually
15:11under a different investigation
15:13for influence peddling.
15:14but the Prime Minister
15:17said that so far
15:18he has seen no reason
15:20to change his support
15:21and he defended
15:22his presumption
15:24of innocence.
15:25However,
15:26Prime Minister
15:26Sanchez
15:27pledged
15:28to fully cooperate
15:29with the investigation.
15:30Let's listen.
15:35apparently we're talking
15:36about an administrative
15:37requirement,
15:38not a police search warrant.
15:43I don't want to downplay
15:45the seriousness
15:45of the investigation
15:46that the National Court
15:47is currently conducting
15:48and I can tell
15:49the Spanish public
15:50that we're fully cooperating
15:51with the justice system.
15:53Total collaboration
15:54con la justicia.
15:55Prime Minister
15:56Pedro Sanchez there
15:56on a story being
15:57of course very closely
15:58watched here
15:59in Brussels.
16:00And now for the view
16:01from the European Commission
16:02headquarters,
16:03the Burlimont.
16:03Coming up we'll be joined
16:05by Michael McGrath,
16:06that's Ireland's
16:07European Commissioner
16:07in charge of rule of law,
16:09democracy,
16:10justice and consumer protection.
16:12An Irish Fianna Fáil politician,
16:14Michael McGrath
16:14was a senior government minister
16:16in the past
16:16including the country's
16:18finance minister
16:19until 2024.
16:20So we're pleased
16:21to have you with us
16:21today in the studio.
16:22You're welcome.
16:23Thank you Maeve.
16:24Good to be here.
16:24So as I said
16:25we're following here in Brussels
16:26that story in Spain
16:27very carefully.
16:29Spanish people are shocked.
16:30As the Commissioner
16:31for Democracy and Rule of Law
16:32what is your reaction
16:33to this kind of scandal?
16:34Well clearly we don't
16:35comment on individual cases
16:37but the policy
16:38of the European Commission
16:40towards corruption
16:41is very clear.
16:42We have to have
16:43a zero tolerance policy
16:45across the European Union.
16:46What is most important
16:48is that the national authorities
16:50in any given case
16:52are allowed to do their work
16:54without any interference
16:55that they follow the evidence
16:57and they take the case
16:58to its appropriate end point.
17:00We have recently reached
17:02agreement on a new
17:04anti-corruption directive
17:05in the European Union
17:06so that will be transposed
17:08in the next couple of years
17:09which harmonises
17:10the definition of corruption offences
17:13and also harmonises penalties.
17:16the reality is
17:17that corruption
17:17is insidious
17:19it takes
17:20from valuable
17:21public resources
17:22and it fundamentally
17:23undermines
17:24public trust
17:25in institutions
17:26and in democracy itself.
17:28So it's crucial
17:29that all member states
17:30tackle it
17:31and we deal with it
17:32in the Rule of Law reports
17:32every year.
17:33And especially this issue
17:33one of the investigations
17:34is actually about
17:35alleged attempts
17:36from the Socialist Party
17:37to sabotage
17:38or obstruct
17:39judicial investigations.
17:41So it's a very serious matter
17:42you're dealing with here
17:42that could impact indeed
17:44people's public trust
17:45in institutions.
17:46Yeah, as I say
17:47the case itself
17:47I don't have the details
17:49nor should I
17:50and it will take
17:50its normal course.
17:52But every year
17:53we do an annual
17:53Rule of Law report
17:55which will be published
17:56now in July of this year.
17:58It looks at every single
17:59country of the European Union
18:01across a number of headings
18:02including
18:03under the heading of corruption
18:05and examines
18:06the country's
18:07track record
18:08of investigating
18:10prosecuting
18:10and securing convictions
18:12in respect of corruption cases
18:14particularly high level
18:15corruption cases
18:16because of course
18:17the more senior the level
18:18then the more serious
18:19the damage is done
18:20to public trust
18:22and indeed
18:23to the institutions themselves.
18:24And let's talk about Hungary
18:26the Viktor Orban era
18:27is over
18:27Peter Maillard
18:28is in Brussels
18:29for talks
18:30will he get
18:31those billions of funds
18:32back do you think?
18:34So the Prime Minister
18:35will be meeting with
18:36Ursula von der Leyen
18:37the Commission President
18:38tomorrow.
18:39We have
18:40made a good start
18:41in resetting
18:42the relations
18:43with the Hungarian government.
18:45We are there
18:46as a commission
18:47to work with them
18:48and support them
18:49on the path
18:50to restoring
18:51rule of law
18:52and commitment
18:53to respecting
18:54fundamental rights
18:55of all citizens
18:56in Hungary.
18:58Sounds like they're not ready then.
18:59Are they ready then?
19:00Sounds like from what you're saying
19:01they're not ready.
19:02Discussions are ongoing.
19:03I will be visiting Budapest
19:04next week
19:05and I'll be meeting
19:06with the new
19:07Hungarian Justice Minister
19:08again to agree
19:10on the reforms
19:11and look at the
19:12progress
19:13that they intend
19:14to make over
19:14the months ahead
19:15and we are there
19:16to work with them
19:17and support them.
19:17Why was there so much
19:18confusion and mystery
19:19about the meeting
19:19between Ursula von der Leyen
19:21and Peter Maillard?
19:22I'm not sure
19:23there was mystery
19:23or confusion
19:24but these things
19:25often are only
19:26nailed down
19:27quite late on
19:28that's the reality
19:29given schedules
19:30and timetables.
19:31I don't know
19:32the detail
19:33of their engagement
19:33but the important thing
19:34is that they will meet
19:35and they will continue
19:36the substantive discussions
19:38on the issue at hand
19:40and that is about
19:41how the European Commission
19:42can support
19:43the new Hungarian government
19:44in their efforts
19:45to restore rule of law
19:47in Hungary
19:48and ensure that
19:49the necessary reforms
19:50can be implemented.
19:51So we will support them
19:53and so far
19:54they have demonstrated
19:55a very clear
19:56and steadfast commitment
19:57on this path
19:58which will help
19:59to serve
20:00the best interests
20:01of the Hungarian citizens
20:02at the end of the day.
20:03And just back on your file
20:04when it comes to tech etc
20:05you'll be coming out soon
20:06with a proposal
20:07to wean off
20:08our dependency
20:09on big US tech
20:10promote our own
20:11homegrown cloud
20:12technology etc
20:13can you confirm this plan?
20:15So this will be led
20:16by my colleague
20:17the Executive Vice President
20:18Hennifer Cunnan
20:19it is a tech
20:20sovereignty package
20:21and it is consistent
20:23with the overall
20:23policy direction
20:24that the European Union
20:26is currently taking
20:27it needs to be seen
20:29alongside
20:29all of the other measures
20:31that we have brought
20:32forward so far
20:33in this commission
20:34in the last 18 months
20:35designed to improve
20:37our competitiveness
20:38yes have a focus
20:39on strategic autonomy
20:41but at a time
20:42when there is so much
20:43upheaval
20:44geopolitical uncertainty
20:45and indeed
20:46economic volatility
20:47we do need to make sure
20:49that on
20:50key strategic issues
20:52that the European Union
20:53is supporting
20:54its indigenous industries
20:55and that we have
20:57access to the critical
20:58services
20:58and indeed materials
21:00that we need.
21:00OK Commissioner
21:01Michael McGrath
21:02thank you so much
21:02for joining us here
21:03this morning
21:04on Europe Today
21:05and thank you so much
21:06for tuning in
21:07for more news
21:08and analysis
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21:13so tune in for that
21:14thanks for watching
21:15take care
21:17and we'll be back
21:17and we'll be back
21:18and we'll be back
21:19and we'll be back
21:19and we'll be back
21:19and we'll be back
21:19and we'll be back
21:19and we'll be back
21:20and we'll be back
21:20and we'll be back
21:21and we'll be back
21:21and we'll be back
21:21and we'll be back
21:22and we'll be back
21:22and we'll be back
21:22and we'll be back
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21:28Sous-titrage FR ?
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