00:00What you see here is the heart. The heart has four chambers. Look at this as a sketch of a
00:13heart. Four chambers, two blue chambers and two red chambers, which you can see here.
00:21Two blue chambers and two red chambers. The size is a little different. They are not equal. We will see
00:31that later. The two at the top, the two chambers at the top are called auricle. Right auricle, left auricle.
00:42The two at the bottom are called ventricles. Left ventricle, right ventricle.
00:48You see the right side of the heart is dealing with blue color blood. Blue color blood is called impure
00:56blood. And the left side of the heart is dealing with red color blood, which is pure blood. Oxygenated blood
01:04is pure blood. Carbonated blood is called impure blood.
01:12We represent the impure blood with the blue color. And we represent the pure blood with the red color here.
01:19So you can follow the flow of red color and follow the flow of blue color. The arrow marks indicate
01:26flowing in and out of the heart.
01:30You see the right side of the heart.
01:31Always blood flows into the heart. When it is coming from the veins. Therefore, you will see, when it comes
01:45to the heart, it flows into the auricles only. When it flows out of the heart, you see it is
01:52flowing out of the heart, means ventricle.
01:54You can see from the right ventricle. It is flowing here and going into pulmonary artery. Arteries carry blood away
02:03from the heart.
02:05See, veins carry blood. Veins carry blood. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. See, iota. Iota came from the
02:16word artery. So, iota takes out of the heart. Pulmonary artery takes out from the heart.
02:27Pulmonary vein brings blood towards the heart. A vene kava. You can see interior vene kava and superior vene kava
02:37from top. Interior vene kava from the lower part of the body and superior vene kava from the upper part
02:43of the body bring blood into the heart.
02:46So, if it is into the heart, naturally it has to flow into the auricle. So, into the heart, when
02:54it flows, it comes into the auricle. Now, left or right depends on pure blood or impure blood that is
03:00flowing into the heart.
03:02So, if it is in pure blood, it will come into the left auricle. Now, the impure blood from the
03:13right auricle moves into the right ventricle when the heart pumps. The pure blood from the left auricle moves into
03:21the left ventricle when the heart pumps.
03:24And this forming is simultaneous. And this forming is simultaneous. That is, when the top chambers are formed through the
03:30valves that you see here in white color, on either side, left side and right side, the blood flows through
03:37the valve into the ventricle.
03:39So, when the ventricle, when the ventricle together pump, from the left ventricle, you can see through the valve, aortic
03:47valve. This is aortic valve. Through this, it goes into the aorta. From the left ventricle, it goes into the
03:53aorta. From the right, it goes into the pulmonary artery.
03:58At both entrances. At both entrances, you see valves. Let's see the names of the valves. From the left auricle
04:06to the left ventricle, you have mitral valve or bicuspid valve.
04:12By means two. Tri means three. Tricuspid valve is between the right auricle and right ventricle. We will see the
04:22picture of it in a minute.
04:24Now you can see from the aorta, which is from the left ventricle. The aorta flows. It curves like a
04:35question and you can see it goes to the right arm, left arm and to the brain, up.
04:40And it goes down here. The low part of the body. This is the low part of the body. Right?
04:54Low part of the body, the blood flows here. Stomach and legs and abdomen. Okay?
05:05So that's a picture of heart here. Now I have got to explain to you what is going on here.
05:15Lungs and heart. Through the pulmonary artery, you can see from the right ventricle when the heart pumps, that flows
05:25in the two arms of the pulmonary artery.
05:28One arm goes to the pulmonary artery. One arm goes to one lobe of the lung and the other arm
05:33goes to the other lobe of the lung.
05:37Right and left lung lobes are there. From the nose, the trachea opens into the lung.
05:45The lung slope purifies the blood, the blue blood, that blue spirit. You can see it. And then once it
05:56is purified through the pulmonary vein, it's coming here on either side. You can see it coming here and flowing
06:03into the left oracle.
06:07It's ready for pumping into the ventricle. And then go to all parts of the body. So inferior blood, which
06:15is there in the right oracle, collected from all over the body through the superior vene cava and inferior vene
06:23cava.
06:23They come into the right oracle and then they flow into the right ventricle when it pumps and then it
06:30goes, when it comes into the pulmonary artery, into two arms. The two arms lead into the two lobes of
06:38the lungs.
06:38From there, when it is oxygenated, the carbon dioxide is removed to pump through the nose and through the nose
06:47you take the oxygen and come and oxygenate the blood and the blood becomes purified as red blood and come
06:55through the two arms and flow into the left oracle and eventually it goes to the left.
07:02Through echo test, through echo test, we can measure the flow of heart from auricles into the ventricle.
07:10You can measure the thickness of this wall, inter ventricular wall, inter auricular wall, as well as the wall of
07:20the thickness of the wall of the heart. Echo test.
07:25I will show it to you. So that is the seclusion of blood in the heart. Now why did I
07:33show here a sketch, a simple sketch to show you heart has four chambers and each chamber you can see
07:41the openings.
07:42What are the openings available? Now you see on the, this is the right auricle, from right auricle to right
07:51ventricle there is an opening protected by tricuspid valve. Left auricle to the left ventricle there is a bicuspid valve
07:59or mitral valve.
08:00And from the left ventricle, a valve protects the flow into the aorta. From the right ventricle there is a
08:11valve protecting that flow when it flows into the pulmonary artery here.
08:22Similarly, here also there is an opening, there is an opening for receiving the blood. Here receiving from lungs, here
08:32receiving from all over the body. Superior and inferior mean a cover.
08:38Right. That's it. That's it.
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