00:00Type 1 diabetes is a very very different disease.
00:03It cannot be even compared to type 2 diabetes.
00:05In type 1 diabetes, there is decline in the beta cell population and there is no insulin
00:12at all and even the glucagon which is the counter regulatory hormone for insulin that
00:17is also dysfunctional.
00:19So in people with type 1 diabetes, there are recurrent episodes of both high glucose and
00:26glucose both high and low appearing even on the same day.
00:31So it is a shocking disease and more than 60 percent of those affected are children.
00:37So conventionally we attribute type 1 diabetes to only children, but the current data indicates
00:43that anybody at any age can be affected by type 1 diabetes.
00:47But children are affected, when small kids are affected, it results in days and nights
00:54when the parents are always alert.
00:58Because they have to have insulin injections for 5 or 6 times daily and when they are injecting
01:05multiple times insulin, the glucose levels will come down.
01:09But sometimes it will go below 70 milligrams and if it is below 54 milligrams it is serious
01:17and below 30 or 20, they might even die.
01:22So that is the importance of type 1 diabetes where regular continuous monitoring of glucose
01:28and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion will be the standard of therapy.
01:34Currently globally the best recommended therapy for type 1 diabetes so that the parents can
01:40have a sleep, the children, adolescents and adults can also have peaceful sleep at night.
01:48It is always an automated insulin delivery device where we are connecting an advanced insulin pump
01:56with a continuous glucose monitoring system with the help of an algorithm.
02:00And these systems are currently very very expensive and hence only very rich people can afford it.
02:08But unfortunately more than 90 percent of those children affected by type 1 diabetes that deadly
02:16life threatening illness, they are all financially very poor people and they cannot afford these
02:22devices.
02:23And if you go by the T1D index and that is one of the biggest studies which is globally published
02:30from Breakthrough Type 1D that is one of the biggest organizations working for type 1 diabetes
02:36that is population worldwide, India is currently harboring the maximum number of people affected
02:43by type 1 diabetes.
02:45And according to them there is another very alarming number when somebody in India is affected
02:52by type 1 diabetes.
02:53At the age of 5 years or 10 years, 45 fruitful years are actually lost in their life.
03:02And even though a therapy is available, even though a technology as a solution is available,
03:10we are unfortunately not able to provide to more than 99.99 percent of those people in
03:18India who are affected.
03:19And in Kerala in particular, more than 5000 children are affected by type 1 diabetes.
03:26And the average glucose of those affected by type 1 diabetes in Kerala, it remains more
03:34than 250 milligrams per deciliter.
03:37And many a time, the average A1C when we are doing surveys among the children across multiple
03:43districts in Kerala, it is remaining above 10 percent.
03:47It is very difficult, I would say that impossible to treat type 1 diabetes without harnessing the
03:56modern technologies.
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