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American wildfire fighters sometimes start controlled burns before battling the main fire — and the physics behind it is brilliant. Wildfires create low pressure zones that pull surrounding air inward, meaning a man-made fire lit ahead of the wildfire gets pulled toward it rather than spreading elsewhere. The controlled burn simultaneously consumes available oxygen, and when both fire fronts meet the junction suffocates and extinguishes the wildfire. But this technique demands expert knowledge of terrain and wind — miscalculate and the fire expands or traps the team entirely. After visible flames are gone, internal smoldering fires invisible during daylight remain the hardest to eliminate. Nighttime operations reveal every hidden ember standard daytime searches completely miss.
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Transcript
00:00Why do American firefighters start an even bigger fire before fighting a wildfire?
00:04Wildfires are extremely difficult to extinguish, and ignition causes very widely.
00:07This large tree for example was struck by lightning and burning internally,
00:11if not discovered and extinguished quickly it triggers a full forest fire.
00:14These fires often occur in remote mountainous areas with no roads,
00:17so firefighters can only parachute in.
00:19Unable to carry much equipment, they choose fighting fire with fire.
00:22Rapidly burning a firebreak is the optimal solution under these conditions.
00:26The physics behind this is based on combustion conditions and hot air rising.
00:30Wildfire areas heat the air rapidly, creating low pressure that continuously pulls surrounding airflow inward,
00:34forming strong winds converging toward the center.
00:37So firefighters have no concern about their lit fire spreading in other directions,
00:40it only gets pulled toward the stronger wildfire.
00:43Simultaneously the pre-lit fire consumes most of the oxygen the wildfire needs to burn.
00:47When the man-made fire meets the approaching wildfire head-on,
00:49the junction between them suddenly becomes oxygen depleted, forcing the wildfire to extinguish.
00:54But this firefighting method requires enormous real-world experience.
00:57Failing to account for surrounding terrain and how mountain slopes affect wind direction can
01:01at minimum allow the fire to expand, and at worst trap the entire firefighting team in the flames.
01:05Once the visible fire is extinguished,
01:07smoldering fires burning in oxygen depleted conditions are far harder to fully eliminate.
01:11This tree for example looks completely normal from outside,
01:13not even smoking, but knocked over its burning intensely inside.
01:17Situations like this are everywhere after a forest fire.
01:20The best way to quickly locate and fully eliminate smoldering fires is nighttime operations,
01:23only then can those tiny invisible glows invisible during daylight all be found.
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