00:29Satsang with Mooji
00:41For more information, visit our website at The Espectador Television.
00:45One of the most serious tragedy in Colombia is in the Pacific of the country.
00:51It is Buenaventura, a city in which we talk frequently in the media,
00:54in which we don't have to analyze the causes and consequences of the violence.
01:02That's why we invited the doctor Constanza Millán,
01:06one of the authors of the informe that the Center National de Memoria Histórica
01:09presented recently on the situation of Buenaventura.
01:12How many years of the study of the study?
01:15The research that we have developed from a perspective of history
01:22part from the year 2000 to 2013, fundamentally.
01:27However, in the investigation we collected some events and data from 2014,
01:33but it is based on until 2013.
01:37You decided to do it by chapters.
01:40Remember briefly that context that you analyzed,
01:44why did you divide it in four or five chapters and what are those chapters?
01:48The first chapter is a chapter in which we try to understand how and what
01:57that armed conflict was developed in Buenaventura.
02:01It is a conflict armed and violent conflict that has two fundamental moments.
02:09One, let's say, in the last few years of 1990,
02:16where it was presented as a common presence of the guerrilla of the FAR
02:20in the Pacific Valley of the Caucus.
02:25Then, with the paramilitary arrival,
02:29the return of the Bloke Calima to the Port of Buenaventura
02:33and another moment that is fundamental in the dynamic
02:37of the armed conflict there,
02:38and it is what happened after the desmovilization
02:40and the agreement of the Bloke Calima
02:43in December 2004.
02:45For the case of the Valle del Caucus,
02:48the Bloke Calima,
02:49but in a specific way,
02:51the Pacific Pacific Front in Buenaventura,
02:54that was, let's say, one of those who operated here.
03:05What do you mean when you talk about the time
03:07or the thousand deaths?
03:10In that time,
03:12yes,
03:12in some way,
03:15it is a hole in the memory
03:16as the Bonaverenses register.
03:20How do they understand that paramilitary period
03:23and that ingress paramilitary
03:25to the territory?
03:28For the Bonaverenses,
03:31it was, let's say,
03:32a hole in the memory
03:34that was important
03:36that H.A.H. had ordered
03:38to kill 1.000 people,
03:411.000 people,
03:421.000,
03:421.000,
03:431.000 deaths
03:45during their arrival
03:46to the Valle del,
03:48well,
03:49to Buenaventura,
03:50yes?
03:50H.A.H. also,
03:52in its free versions
03:54as a order
03:55that was given
03:56to, let's say,
03:57to control the territory,
03:59controlling,
04:00psychologically,
04:02to the population
04:03generating a terror
04:03very strong.
04:04It's the time
04:05of the 1.000 deaths
04:06because,
04:08let's say,
04:09people nominate
04:10this period
04:10in that way
04:11because it is so inconceivable
04:12for them,
04:14that the deaths
04:15were indiscriminate,
04:16the important
04:17was numbers
04:18without a reason,
04:20let's say,
04:20let's say,
04:21let's say,
04:22let's say,
04:23let's say,
04:23let's say,
04:24let's say,
04:24let's say,
04:25let's say,
04:25and they were aliadas
04:26with the war,
04:27or,
04:27they were,
04:29let's say,
04:29let's say,
04:30that,
04:31that was really
04:33the,
04:33that there was,
04:35there.
04:36after the territorial control,
04:41that,
04:41that was developed
04:42at the time,
04:43let's say,
04:44to the armchair,
04:45military,
04:46yes?
04:47We did,
04:48we also made
04:48a,
04:49a,
04:49a,
04:50a moment,
04:50the capture of the,
04:53local governments.
04:54local governments and, above all, electoral constrainment in 2002.
05:14What to do to put the remedy to the situation?
05:17Well, let's say that the State of the National Memoria Historic is fundamental to recognize
05:30the failure of the institutional designs of the State that have made presence in Buenaventura,
05:37institutional designs that have not managed to act in the conditions of well-being,
05:45of the Bonaventura population.
05:48They do not have guaranteed the good living of the population,
05:52with the needs, with the indicators of basic needs and more satisfied.
06:00They do not have guaranteed the security of the bonaverenses,
06:03let's say, the levels of victimization are very high,
06:07and they do not have guaranteed, or have been able to achieve one of the fundamental challenges
06:15that it has Buenaventura as a urban territory with almost 90% of the population afrodescendent
06:22and it is to guarantee the ethnic rights of the population afrodescendent in a urban area.
06:27The population afrodescendent in Buenaventura has faced,
06:31by all these types of violence,
06:33three repercussions of territorialization,
06:36in their places,
06:39terror,
06:39a collective production of terror
06:42for the way the violence is executed,
06:46and invisibility,
06:47that is,
06:48a little empathy with the suffering of the victims,
06:53and impunity also in front of what has happened to them.
07:04What is that of the Pisces of Pisces?
07:06Remember please, what we are talking about.
07:09The Pisces of Pisces are a mode of violence,
07:14that we circumscribemos within a repertoire of terror,
07:18let's say, of violence,
07:20and it is the occurrence of a scenario,
07:23let's say, of a place in the interior of the bar,
07:26where there is a torture of a person,
07:31a person,
07:32a person,
07:32a person,
07:33a person,
07:33a person,
07:33and a person,
07:34but also,
07:36the fact,
07:37the cruelty that there is on the body of the victim,
07:41direct,
07:42it is the psychological torture that is performed
07:45on all the witnesses that are in the bar,
07:48that,
07:50let's say,
07:51there is a terror that is encapsulated,
07:54and in which,
07:54let's say,
07:56there is a strong impotence also
07:57for not being able to do anything
07:58face to what is happening in the house
08:01where there are these tortures,
08:03that is,
08:04let's say,
08:05the scenario of the Pisces of Pisces.
08:07And who were the victims and victimized
08:09in that case of terror of the Pisces of Pisces?
08:12How many victims?
08:14The scenarios are multiple,
08:16because they have been victims of women,
08:19they have been victims of women,
08:22they have been victims of fishermen,
08:24they have been victims of fishermen,
08:25they are in the night,
08:27and voluntarily,
08:29they are witnesses of situations that are not...
08:32...
08:32...
08:32...
08:33...
08:33...
08:33...
08:34...
08:34...
08:37So, let's say, the victims are, let's say, the population of the most poor population,
08:51in the barrios of Bajamar, fundamentally, or in the territories of the Mar,
08:56as they say, the bonaverenses.
08:59But in that dynamic of maintaining a control territorial and poblational,
09:07the cases of Pique are an instrument to maintain control,
09:11from the logic, as we talk about it in the report.
09:15What do you find when you talk about the population about the issue?
09:19The level of suffering is extreme,
09:23and I connect with what we have planned in the report
09:29about the damage that has been produced to the afro-descendants,
09:34and it is a chronic and acute suffering
09:37about an extremely painful practice of the cases of Pique,
09:43but that is not only that,
09:45but others,
09:45some of the forced disappearances,
09:48which also produce a level of suffering very high for the population.
09:52Doctora, we have a minute for you to remember,
09:55proposals or concrete recommendations
09:58that the report will make it to the State,
10:02to the municipality,
10:03to the department,
10:05to see if at any moment we can overcome
10:07this dramatic situation that is in Buenaventura.
10:15It is fundamental to work and transcend,
10:20to transform the institutional designs that are present in the region,
10:24and institutional designs that can break the contradiction
10:29of the way the State is present in Buenaventura,
10:33so that it is a strong State
10:35and that it can really fulfill its functions in terms of
10:40well-being, justice and security,
10:42which are, let's say,
10:43the aspects that have not been developed in Buenaventura.
10:47We have, let's say,
10:51the States of the State
10:51that has been developed in the region
10:51of this country today.
10:51We have, let's say,
10:52a couple of years ago,
10:52and we have a total of 22 years in the region,
10:58and we were able to return to the start of this since
10:58that is a very important part of this year!
10:59And we have to say,
Comentarios