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00:01The legendary Titanic,
00:04the most advanced ship of its age,
00:07sunk on its maiden voyage by an iceberg.
00:11Despite more than 100 years of investigation,
00:15nobody knows exactly how this tragedy happened.
00:18We're still baffled by how ice can actually break through a ship and tear it open.
00:25Now, groundbreaking investigations could finally reveal
00:29how an iceberg ripped apart a ship hailed as unsinkable.
00:36Was it human error or a design flaw
00:39that led to the deaths of over 1,500 people?
00:46The only way to discover the Titanic's sunken secrets
00:50is to pry this massive shipwreck apart.
00:54Diving inside its shattered hull
00:57will reveal what really happened on that fateful night.
01:13Over 1,000 miles northeast of New York City,
01:17in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.
01:22We are now flying near the wreck of the Titanic.
01:29The United States Coast Guard is on a pilgrimage
01:33to remember one of the largest ever losses of life at sea in peacetime.
01:39On behalf of the United States Coast Guard, we cast these wreaths.
01:46We now pause for a moment of silence to reflect on the events which occurred
01:50and to remember the over 1,500 souls who perished on that fateful morning.
01:57The story of this luxury passenger ship is well known.
02:01She was on her maiden voyage, carrying over 2,000 people from England to New York.
02:08At 11.40 p.m. on April 14, 1912, she collided with an iceberg and sank.
02:18But despite being one of the most famous maritime disasters of all time,
02:23the real reasons for her sinking continue to mystify the experts.
02:31Today, this mighty vessel rests 2 miles beneath the ocean's surface,
02:37lying in a field of debris covering 15 square miles.
02:45The stern has been flattened by the impact of hitting the ocean floor,
02:50its decks crushed and crumpled.
02:52The bow rests almost 2,000 feet away.
02:57The seafloor conceals all evidence of the ship's collision with an iceberg.
03:04So how exactly did ice alone take down what was once the most advanced ship in the world?
03:17Newfoundland in Canada, 400 miles from the Titanic's resting place.
03:24Professor Claude Daly thinks there are parts of the well-known tale that simply don't add up.
03:31This is Iceberg Alley. Icebergs here are a major threat because of their size.
03:38Claude is one of the leading specialists in polar shipping design.
03:42He investigates the mysterious destructive properties of icebergs.
03:50We've been studying ice for several decades now, and we're still fascinated by it.
03:55We're still baffled by how ice can actually break through a ship and tear it open.
04:01Claude wants to know precisely how mere ice sank a ship believed to be the sturdiest ever built.
04:11Weighing 52,000 tons, the Titanic was the largest ship in the world.
04:17The ship had built to be deep.
04:18Her design led people to believe that she was unsinkable.
04:24Her interior was divided up by waterproof bulkheads,
04:29with state-of-the-art automatic watertight doors.
04:34Designed to isolate flooding if the ship was ever damaged.
04:38The hull itself was made of over 2,000 overlapping steel plates, each one more than an inch thick.
04:47So what exactly would it take to sink the most technologically advanced ship of its age?
04:59Absolutely no ship is unsinkable.
05:02Nothing that humans design or construct can ever be done in a way that there's absolutely no risk or no
05:09uncertainty about what's going on.
05:12How strong was the Titanic really?
05:17To investigate, Claude is building what he believes to be the largest indoor iceberg collision test in the world.
05:25This is our ice impact apparatus. It's a double pendulum device.
05:30This huge contraption smashes objects together with the same force as a shipping collision.
05:40On one side is a steel plate similar to a ship's hull.
05:44This is a piece of steel, the same thickness as on the side of the Titanic.
05:48Three quarters of an inch shell plating on a hull is very thick.
05:53On the other will be a three-foot slab of synthetic iceberg.
05:59Okay, here we go.
06:02Although this berg is grown in a lab...
06:05Keep coming forward.
06:06...it's just as strong as the real thing.
06:09We have multiple tons of swinging mass.
06:12And it's set to smash the hull plate with a force comparable to the Titanic's collision.
06:18The hull system is live now.
06:25There's a lot of energy stored here.
06:28The countdown is on!
06:31Five, four, three, two, one, go!
06:46Wow!
06:48Let's go and see what happened.
06:52Well, that plate was stronger than that ice.
06:56That ice really got destroyed.
07:00The hull plate isn't even dented.
07:03The mystery of why the Titanic sank just got bigger.
07:07A lot of ships today would have been thinner steel and they would have got damaged by this impact.
07:12But what we're seeing here is no damage whatsoever.
07:16Clearly, the Titanic had no ordinary collision.
07:20What actually happened that night?
07:23Claude needs to do more tests to find out.
07:32But first, he wants to take a closer look at the vessel's design to see what other safeguards she had
07:38in place.
07:41Even if her rock-solid hull were breached, the ship's designers had a supposedly watertight plan to contain the problem.
07:52Bulkheads are basically walls inside ships that are completely waterproof.
07:56They create separate watertight compartments so that if you damage one of them, if you get a big hole right
08:02here, this whole space floods, but only that part of the ship floods.
08:08The Titanic had 15 bulkheads, creating 16 waterproof sub-compartments.
08:15We're not required even today to have this level of subdivision.
08:20The ship's creators believed her design meant she could survive virtually any kind of impact.
08:28Including a head-on collision.
08:35To find out just how much damage ice would need to do to sink the Titanic, Claude's team marks out
08:42a full-scale plan of the ship.
08:46This is the bow of the Titanic.
08:49Okay, next one has 17.
08:54With a length of 20 school buses.
08:57At the time, the Titanic was the largest moving object ever built.
09:02Hey, Bruce. Hello. I can barely see you down there.
09:06This is an impressive ship.
09:08That's right. It's a quarter of a kilometer from me to you.
09:13The iceberg would have needed to breach at least the front five waterproof compartments to cause the ship to sink.
09:20That's about 200 feet of carnage.
09:24Look at the distance, all the way from the golf cart.
09:27Ripping this much of the hull open is what you need to do to get the Titanic into a serious
09:33situation.
09:35Ice damages aren't this big. I mean, ice damages are, you know, the size of me.
09:41Or three or four times the size of me.
09:45So how on earth could the iceberg have caused this much destruction?
09:51Did the ship's creators massively misjudge the Titanic's design?
09:57Or was it human error that caused her to sink?
10:15In 1912, the Titanic was considered by her creators to be the last word in nautical safety.
10:23But she failed to complete her first ocean crossing.
10:27The iceberg that sank her needed to cause around 200 feet of damage to her hull.
10:33That's more destruction than anyone at the time thought possible.
10:42Wow.
10:44Professor Claude Daly believes a hull breach this big could have been caused by a high-speed collision.
10:50With the extent of damage on the Titanic, one question to look at is, were they at the right speed
10:57for the conditions?
10:59Was the Titanic's Captain Edward John Smith trying to cross the Atlantic too quickly?
11:07The largest passenger ship in the world was also one of the fastest.
11:13The Titanic was fueled by a network of 29 boilers.
11:18These ferociously burned through 600 tons of coal a day, feeding two steam engines,
11:26each one the size of a three-story house.
11:30Along with a revolutionary new turbine, the engines provided more than 45,000 horsepower to the ship's three supersized propellers.
11:42These drove the huge vessel towards the iceberg at 25 miles per hour.
11:47So was the Titanic simply going too fast?
11:57Information gathered by a special marine safety unit formed after the disaster could hold the answer.
12:06Looks good for flying.
12:09Commander Kristen Sarumgaard runs the U.S. Coast Guard's International Ice Patrol.
12:15We patrol the icebergs in the vicinity of the Grand Banks and warn landers of the extent of that region.
12:23But today, Kristen is investigating whether the Titanic's speed was recklessly high.
12:30All right, rolling takeoff.
12:32Even with modern shipbuilding, a ship traveling 22 knots will sustain significant damage after a collision from an iceberg.
12:40Was Titanic traveling too fast?
12:45They're flying over the area nicknamed Iceberg Alley, close to where the Titanic sank.
12:54Should the ship's captain have given the command to slow down?
12:57Or would he have assumed there was no danger of ice?
13:02The Titanic was traveling in the beginning of April.
13:05That's really when our season is just starting to ramp up.
13:10At the time of the Titanic, no one counted icebergs.
13:14We don't know how many there were in 1912.
13:18Can I have you take a look at the one that's way part of the south right there?
13:24The team counts this April's icebergs to investigate the chances of hitting one at this time of year.
13:30Okay, left window, Ario. I've got a visual on your iceberg.
13:41After seven hours in the air, the numbers are finally in.
13:46And Kristen can analyze her results.
13:52This represents the iceberg chart that we're seeing this year.
13:55And the ice is up mostly around Newfoundland.
13:59Titanic sank almost six degrees of latitude further south than where the current ice limit is.
14:06This appears to put the Titanic 400 miles clear of the danger zone.
14:11You would think in April, Titanic would be safe in traveling in ice-free waters.
14:17The Titanic's crew had adjusted their course from the shortest route to avoid icebergs completely.
14:24But earlier in the day, the crew received radio reports of ice ahead.
14:29Should they have been more cautious?
14:33The first report mentioned ice from 49 to 52 west longitude.
14:40That's an area that covers almost 120 miles. That's a large area.
14:45But other messages were more detailed.
14:49One pinpointed an iceberg half a degree of longitude from where the Titanic sank.
14:54It might look close, but in reality, those areas are miles apart.
15:00The chances of hitting an iceberg still seemed very small.
15:04So the captain put his faith in the ship's lookouts and pushed on.
15:09Back then, the ship captain took all the knowledge and experience that he had,
15:13and my understanding did no different than any other ship captain of the day.
15:17By maintaining his speed, the Titanic's captain wasn't doing anything unusual for the time.
15:24So did the problem lie with the lookouts?
15:28Why did the Watchmen fail to spot an iceberg big enough to sink the world's largest ship until it was
15:35too late?
15:53The Titanic, the queen of the ocean.
16:00She was hailed as the safest ship ever to set sail.
16:07Sinking her would require an impact zone longer than two basketball courts.
16:14Why was there so much damage? Was it caused by the maneuver?
16:22Did the Titanic's angle of impact play a key role in the disaster?
16:29Claude Daly recruits a colleague to investigate.
16:34Captain Chris Hearn runs one of the world's most advanced nautical simulators.
16:39Jun, if we can load up the Titanic, please.
16:45Today, Chris retraces the crew's footsteps to work out exactly how the ship hit the iceberg.
16:53First, he needs to know why the lookout spotted it with only 37 seconds to spare.
17:00What we're here to do today is try and figure out why the two lookouts seem to have missed a
17:06piece of ice on a beautiful, clear night.
17:09To do this, he first needs to examine the iceberg.
17:14This photo was taken the morning after the disaster.
17:18And many suspect it could be the berg that sank the Titanic.
17:23This fearsome piece of ice right here, very, very pointed and jagged with tall pinnacles.
17:28It's floating immediately in the vicinity of the area the Titanic sank and is in leading culpris.
17:36Chris estimates this iceberg to be 100 feet high.
17:41He can't understand why it wasn't spotted sooner.
17:46He programs a similar sized iceberg into the computer to get a sense of the lookout's view.
17:53Let's try and make it dark, Jun, and see what they could see.
17:58The night in question had a clear, moonless sky, meaning it was very dark.
18:04The only way to spot a berg is to see where its pinnacles block out the stars in the night
18:09sky.
18:11So in this situation, the pinnacle can plainly be seen.
18:14So the two lookouts, from the perspective of the crow's nest, should have been able to see this piece of
18:19ice.
18:20For this reason, Chris doesn't believe this iceberg was the killer.
18:25Witnesses spotted another in the area.
18:28This second piece of ice, it's much flatter, it's not as pinnacle, it's more tabular in its shape.
18:36This iceberg might be only half as high as the first, but its brick-like shape gives it a lower
18:42center of gravity.
18:43A much bigger section could be hiding underwater.
18:47For Chris, it's a far more plausible suspect.
18:52So there we go.
18:55Now we've got this flatter, more tabular piece.
18:58You can see from the height of eye in the crow's nest, no peaks are breaking the top.
19:03It's much flatter, it's much more difficult to see for the lookouts.
19:08It's a dark mass against a dark ocean.
19:11On a moonless night, an iceberg sitting lower above the waterline would have been almost invisible from the crow's nest.
19:18The lookouts saw it too late, only around a quarter of a mile away.
19:23But there is one way that the crew could have spotted it much sooner.
19:28The Titanic's main deck was 50 feet above the waterline.
19:32The bridge was 75 feet high.
19:35And the crow's nest was a dizzying 90 feet above the water.
19:42In daylight, lookouts had a 12-mile view, and could spot icebergs at least 25 minutes before reaching them.
19:52On moonlit nights, low-lying icebergs below the horizon were visible.
19:57But on nights with no moon, they were difficult to spot until they were closer up.
20:03Due to these specific conditions, the first place to be able to see such icebergs would have been lower down
20:10the ship, where the deck was.
20:14Chris investigates what can be seen from here.
20:18Looking out from deck level, you can see that this tabular piece of ice breaks the horizon line.
20:25And this goes against most traditional points of view.
20:29We're down here much lower, almost on the deck level.
20:32And this piece of ice is so plain.
20:35That is very unusual.
20:38Chris believes this is more likely to be the berg that sank the Titanic.
20:42Back up in the crow's nest, our two lookouts wouldn't have had a chance to see this iceberg until it
20:48was too late.
20:51In fact, in these tricky conditions, they did well to spot the iceberg as soon as they did.
21:01Hey, Chris.
21:02Hey, Claude. Welcome aboard.
21:04Claude Daly believes that spotting the iceberg at this shorter distance played a key role in the exact nature of
21:10the collision.
21:12We're ready to go, Chris, whenever you are.
21:14Standing by.
21:17Using the larger iceberg for a clearer view, Chris reenacts what the reports say happened.
21:23You're going.
21:27Right now, the phone starts to ring. Iceberg right ahead.
21:31The crew then attempts a special two-part maneuver for dodging incoming obstacles.
21:37The first thing to do, of course, is to try and get our bow to clear this piece of ice.
21:41They're going to go hard apart.
21:48The bow moves clear, but the stern is still on course to hit the iceberg.
21:54So the crew turns the bow back towards the ice to swing the rear end free.
22:05Ships don't turn like cars, eh?
22:07But before the ship can swing out, it scrapes against the iceberg.
22:13Ah, that's it.
22:16It's just underneath that starboard bow, right along the starboard side.
22:20Chris believes this is exactly how the Titanic hit the iceberg.
22:25And it seems to have maximized the ice's contact with the hull.
22:31The turn was keeping them just at the same distance from the center of gravity of the ice.
22:38So they were just kind of kissing it.
22:42The iceberg needed to create around 200 feet of damage to sink the Titanic.
22:49And this maneuver led to that much contact.
22:53But the result raises another question.
22:56There was a glancing contact.
22:58How did it start to tear open the hull?
23:03The chasm caused by the iceberg has never been seen.
23:07How did a scraping impact do so much damage to this floating fortress?
23:13And did the Titanic ultimately sink as the result of a design flaw?
23:31The Titanic.
23:34In 1912, the largest ocean liner of its time was carrying some of the wealthiest people in the world.
23:42But she sank after hitting an iceberg in a collision that at first went largely unnoticed by her passengers.
23:50People wouldn't have felt the impact on the Titanic.
23:53It was a glancing blow.
23:56People wouldn't have been thrown sideways.
24:02Claude Daly knows that the Titanic's speed and direction combine to cause maximum damage.
24:09But how did such light contact pry the hull open in the first place?
24:17This once proud ship now lies wrecked at the bottom of the sea.
24:24Her top decks crumpled by the impact of hitting the ocean floor.
24:28And her funnels ripped off.
24:31But all this destruction happened as she sank.
24:34No one knows what the damage caused by the iceberg looks like.
24:38Because the impact site is buried beneath the mud.
24:44Witnesses claimed six of her 16 watertight compartments were ripped open.
24:49They dragged her down as they flooded.
24:53How was a grazing impact able to rip through the ship's solid steel hull?
25:01Claude Daly suspects the angle of collision actually helped the iceberg tear the Titanic apart.
25:08Okay.
25:09Okay, Bruce.
25:10Yep.
25:11To prove it, he recruits the help of a colleague.
25:15Guys, we're good to go.
25:20Engineer Bruce Quinton specializes in investigating ship collisions.
25:25So what we have here is a steel plate.
25:27It's similar to what many ships may be constructed from.
25:32Bruce has created this hydraulic crash test device.
25:35It simulates both head-on collisions and glancing contact.
25:41Instead of ice, he uses a metal wheel attached to a powerful hydraulic ram.
25:47A steel wheel like this one is not a bad substitute for ice for this particular scenario.
25:51Because what we're looking at is not so much the ice behavior, it's the structural behavior responding to ice.
26:02This is going to go forward on top of the wheel.
26:06The team will first test a head-on impact.
26:10Put this one up.
26:11Okay, that's good.
26:12This test establishes the sort of base case of the load just going straight in.
26:17That's sort of the standard loading condition.
26:20Everybody happy?
26:22Once the plate is secured, the test begins.
26:25Okay, everybody's ready.
26:27Good to go.
26:29The hydraulic ram presses upwards, directly into the hull plate.
26:36Cameras inside the machine record its progress.
26:41The experts listen for a pop, which indicates a breach.
26:56Total silence.
26:58Complete ductile response.
27:00The hull plate endures a massive 2.9-inch indentation without breaching.
27:05We could have went a lot further, I think.
27:08Yeah, I mean, I wonder how far we could have gone before we tore it.
27:12Next, Claude investigates an angular collision.
27:15What we're going to do now is a situation that is replicating in a simple way what happened on the
27:22Titanic.
27:23We're going to go in and along.
27:26The team loads the machine with a new plate.
27:29Bruce sets the ram to make the same amount of indentation, but this time the plate will move sideways.
27:37The angle of impact will be identical to the Titanic's.
27:42Three, two, one.
27:46The test has begun.
27:48We have simultaneous horizontal and vertical motion.
27:52So we can see our force increasing.
27:55If the plate breaks, it will help explain how the Titanic's hull breached.
27:59You can see the plate deforming.
28:02The iceberg is in and moving along, and the plate's dishing in.
28:11But the plate seems to withstand the ram.
28:18Until...
28:20Oh, I think we have fracture.
28:23The hull has broken in two places.
28:25Oh yeah, we tore the heck out of that thing.
28:30This is a great result.
28:32It seems the angle at which the Titanic hit the ice triggered the breach.
28:38And once the hull started to tear, the ship was doomed.
28:44The Titanic's hull had vertical cross-members.
28:48Metal bars between the plates, designed to strengthen it.
28:54These bars were more rigid than the plates, so when the iceberg hit them,
28:58the ship's momentum caused them to break, creating an even larger hole.
29:06Something like this could have represented the beginning of it all.
29:09Yes, indeed.
29:13Claude and Bruce have revealed that speed and angle of impact worked together to deal the fateful blow.
29:21Once struck, over a thousand lives depended on how quickly the world's biggest ship would go down.
29:28Why did the Titanic sink in just under three hours?
29:33And could anything have been done to stop it?
29:51At 20 minutes to midnight on April 14th, 1912, the Titanic suffered a fatal collision with an iceberg.
29:59Two hours and 40 minutes later, her stern section slipped beneath the waves.
30:06A little over 100 minutes after that, a rescue ship arrived at the scene.
30:12Two hours is such a short amount of time, it's almost a tick of a clock.
30:18If the Titanic had gone down more slowly, it's possible most people would have been rescued.
30:26Lying near to the sunken wreck are huge lifeboat cranes, over 500 feet away from the stern of the ship.
30:36Most of them were twisted and ripped off. Only a few remain attached to the ship.
30:44But on the ship's starboard side lies a clue to the speed of the disaster.
30:50A single crane that stretches eerily from the deck.
30:54Its upright position reveals the lifeboat at this station was not released in time.
31:02Why did the Titanic sink so quickly?
31:12Hey David.
31:14Claude suspects a simple change to her bulkhead design would have slowed the Titanic sinking.
31:21He's going to test his theory.
31:24We have a simple model of a floating object.
31:28It's got multiple compartments.
31:30What we're going to do is show what happens when we flood one set of compartments.
31:36Claude's model is separated into four waterproof sections.
31:40At the bottom of the vessel, corks in holes represent hull breaches.
31:45To investigate what happened, Claude lets water into the front compartments.
31:51We're going to start the flooding.
31:57We're getting flooding in the bow compartments here.
32:01The model ship takes in water.
32:05But when the internal flooding matches the exterior water level, it stops sinking.
32:14We've pretty much achieved steady state now.
32:17If this were the Titanic, she could have floated for days.
32:21But she wasn't built like this.
32:25Surprisingly, her bulkheads didn't rise right up to the top of the ship.
32:30The designers of the Titanic, they're making a luxury liner.
32:33They needed large open spaces for ballrooms, dining rooms.
32:38These were glorious spaces to have, beautiful to be inside.
32:42But they obviously didn't want to run bulkheads all the way up, cutting those spaces.
32:49For this reason, most of the Titanic's bulkheads only went up five floors.
32:55But this meant water could spill over them if the ship sank deep enough.
33:02So now, Claude wants to investigate the impact of these shorter bulkheads.
33:09He's drilled holes in his model to make the waterproof walls much lower.
33:15Once again, he sinks the ship.
33:25The whole thing is like a progressive problem. Things are just getting worse and worse.
33:32The more water the model lets in, the faster it sinks.
33:41It's a kind of a runaway instability, sinking, flooding. This thing is going down.
33:47This cross-flooding between bulkheads dramatically affected how fast the Titanic sank.
33:57The more water the Titanic let in, the further her bow sank forward.
34:02She was designed to withstand the weight of water in only her first four compartments.
34:09But the iceberg caused flooding in the first six.
34:13Her bow sank too low, and water spilled over her bulkheads into the compartments behind.
34:20The ship's stern rose out of the water, and the immense weight snapped the Titanic in half, flooding the rest
34:28of the ship and pulling it underwater.
34:32But with taller bulkheads, the Titanic could potentially have stayed afloat for days, allowing enough time for help to arrive.
34:43Like many ships of the day, the Titanic's designers had sacrificed safety for luxury.
34:49And this contributed to the loss of 1,500 lives.
34:55If only a few things had been different, the Titanic would have still been on the surface when help arrived.
35:02And that's one of the parts of the tragedy of it all.
35:08The speed with which the Titanic sank doomed its passengers.
35:13But one final question still puzzles historians.
35:17Could the scale of the tragedy have been avoided?
35:23Could there have been a way to save almost everyone on board?
35:41In 1912, the Titanic sank after a glancing blow with an iceberg, taking with it the lives of 1,500
35:49people.
35:51One final question intrigues investigators around the globe.
35:56Could the huge loss of life have been avoided?
36:08Andrew Nankaro is a historical boat builder from the National Maritime Museum of Cornwall in England.
36:15He's making an exact replica of one of the Titanic's lifeboats.
36:22If you weren't able to get yourself in one of these lifeboats on that night, your chances of survival were
36:28zero.
36:31But there weren't enough lifeboats to hold the ship's 2,200 passengers.
36:38Andrew wants to investigate how many people could have squeezed into the 20 boats that night.
36:45In the chaos of the sinking, the lifeboats were loaded with an average of 39 people.
36:52Boats like this one were designed to hold 65.
36:56On closer inspection, Andrew believes they could have held a lot more.
37:02These boats are good, strong sea boats.
37:04They've got a lot of freeboard, which is a distance from the top of the boat to the water line.
37:10This upright design means that in the calm waters that night, they could have held much more weight than their
37:16maximum design load.
37:18The sea conditions were near flat.
37:21I think they could have possibly take a calculated risk and put more people in.
37:25If the decision was made to overload the boats, probably up to about 80 people, I would suggest that would
37:31have been safe.
37:33If every lifeboat like this had been overfilled, it would have almost doubled the number of passengers saved.
37:41But that's still nowhere near everyone on board.
37:47In Newfoundland, Professor Claude Daly has developed a controversial scenario, which he believes would have saved many more people.
37:57Okay, you ready to go, Chris? Standing by here.
38:02He's returned to the Titanic simulator and wants Captain Chris Hearn to ram the iceberg head on.
38:09Okay, ship's moving. Just bear with me.
38:14It may look like a suicide mission, but he thinks this could limit the damage.
38:19Well, I think it's about now. Can you go into full reverse right now? Full reverse.
38:24Full astern. Ah, handshake full astern.
38:28The crew tries to reduce the thrust and allow the ship to drift directly into the iceberg.
38:42It seems like a crazy maneuver.
38:45I'll come and see you. We'll talk about it.
38:47But Claude knows that a head-on collision is likely to breach only one waterproof compartment.
38:54The Titanic would have stayed afloat, but with severe consequences.
38:59Passengers would have been killed, some of them in stairways.
39:02Saving the ship would have meant killing some people consciously, but not a thousand people.
39:11Ramming the iceberg would have been the best way to save the ship.
39:14But psychologically, was this ever an option?
39:18Would they have the guts to do it?
39:20It's the urge to try and save as many people as possible, and that's what they were trying to do.
39:25Trying to do the right thing?
39:26They were trying to do the right thing.
39:27Any normal, sane person would have tried to steer away.
39:34In these desperate circumstances, the bridge crew surely felt there was nothing else they could do.
39:43The Titanic was traveling full steam ahead in waters known to contain icebergs.
39:49Her lookouts were ill-equipped for the conditions.
39:54And her designers grossly underestimated the destructive power of ice.
40:01But lessons learned from the sinking of this iconic ship continue to protect the seafarers of today.
40:10In the wake of the Titanic's disaster, safety at sea was revolutionized.
40:15Many ocean liners had their bulkheads extended to make them fully waterproof.
40:22To protect against sliding collisions, many ships had their hulls doubled, both along the keel and up their sides.
40:32The Titanic's 20 lifeboats could only hold half of its passengers.
40:37So after the disaster, ships were ordered to carry lifeboats for everyone on board.
40:43And to prevent distress signals being missed, the United States passed a new law.
40:50Radios on passenger ships had to be manned at all times.
40:59The Titanic was one of the most tragic disasters in maritime history.
41:03And we've got to make sure that it doesn't happen again.
41:07After more than a century, there are still lessons to be taken on board from the Titanic.
41:15It's sad, but we can sometimes learn more from a tragic event than we can from a success.
41:23Without that learning, we won't have future success.
41:27You have to learn from your mistakes, and we're still learning.
41:31And modern technology is at last starting to strip away some of the mysteries that surround this famous wreck.
41:40But the ship itself remains at the bottom of the sea.
41:44Now a watery grave for over 1500 people.
41:51The Titanic is a potent reminder that we should never underestimate the destructive power of nature.
42:08The Titanic is to face the accident.
42:09The Titanic is a potent superpower of nature.
42:14The Titanic is a potent
42:14The Titanic is a total Norman's one of the most tragic AF ノ�
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