00:02Visit Chandra's Beautiful Universe
00:06Sagittarius A-Star
00:10The supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way is spinning so quickly that it is warping the
00:16space-time surrounding it into a shape that can look like a football.
00:21This result was made using data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, an X-ray telescope in space, and the
00:29NSF's Very Large Array, an array of radio telescopes in New Mexico.
00:36Astronomers call the giant black hole Sagittarius A-Star, or Sag A-Star for short.
00:42It is located about 26,000 light-years away from Earth, in the center of our galaxy.
00:49Black holes have two fundamental properties.
00:52The first is their mass, or how much they weigh.
00:55The second is their spin, or how quickly they rotate.
01:00Determining either of these two values tells scientists a great deal about any black hole and how it behaves.
01:06While astronomers are confident they know how much mass Sag A-Star has, about 4 million times that of the
01:13Sun,
01:13they have had a harder time trying to nail down just how fast Sag A-Star is spinning.
01:19This new study involves a method that uses X-ray and radio data to determine how quickly Sag A-Star
01:24is spinning,
01:25based on how material is flowing towards and away from the black hole.
01:30The results show that Sag A-Star is spinning very fast.
01:34In fact, scientists think that it is rotating so quickly that it is warping space-time around it,
01:40into a shape that looks like a football.
01:43Space-time is the term for the combined concept of time and the three dimensions of space.
01:49Scientists have known for a long time that black holes can do this,
01:53but this is strong evidence that our Milky Way's black hole is having this effect.
01:59How quickly a black hole is spinning also has other important implications.
02:03For example, a black hole's spin can act as an important source of energy.
02:10Spinning supermassive black holes can produce narrow outflows in the form of jets when their spin energy is extracted.
02:18Sag A-Star is currently rather quiet, but this new finding means that it could become more active in the
02:24future.
02:26Scientists will continue to use Chandra to study Sag A-Star to better understand this black hole and its role
02:33in our galaxy.
02:49We will see how quickly it was established in the form of A-Star to better understand this black hole.
02:51We will see how quickly it is.
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