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生命的力量
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00:28Chinese subtitle volunteer Li Zongsheng
00:31The collision of continental plates created majestic mountain ranges that rise abruptly from the ground.
00:36The surviving animals are forced to persist in the brutal battle for survival.
00:40Struggling to survive in harsh environments
00:44Extreme heat and cold, humidity and dryness
00:47In addition, factors such as low oxygen and high radiation
00:50Together they created the harshest ecological environment on Earth.
00:57On the world's scorching spine
01:00Only species that have undergone special evolution
01:02Only then can they adapt to the environment and survive.
01:26Southwest China
01:29This is a little-known land
01:31Hidden within is a stunning natural beauty.
01:37To the west lies the towering Himalayas.
01:43It borders the Gobi Desert to the north.
01:52This is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, covered with alpine vegetation.
02:01China's high-altitude areas
02:03It has become the most isolated place on Earth
02:06The most primitive wilderness
02:12The scenery here may have already been planned.
02:14However, in the highest altitude ecological environment on Earth
02:19Survival became exceptionally difficult and harsh.
02:22Facing the harsh weather
02:24Thin air
02:26and intense solar radiation
02:28Creatures that have made their home on the world's scorching spine
02:30You must master unique survival skills
02:44On the edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
02:47There is a mysterious mountain area that few people venture into.
02:52That is the Hengduan Mountains located in southwestern China.
03:01In the cold mountain forest
03:03It harbors a group of unique animals found nowhere else in the world.
03:09Golden snub-nosed monkey
03:19They can live at an altitude of 4,500 meters.
03:23It is the forest prey that inhabits the highest altitude in the world.
03:33The successful evolution of the golden snub-nosed monkey
03:36This makes them one of the most successful survivors in nature.
03:42Compared to their close relatives who live in tropical rainforests
03:46Their limbs are short
03:48Strong torso
03:49Thick fur
03:51This is all done to reduce heat loss in the biting cold.
03:56Adaptive evolution
03:58Some scientists believe
03:59The strange nose of the golden snub-nosed monkey
04:01Perhaps to ward off the severe cold
04:03This evolution was made to prevent exposed skin from getting frostbite.
04:07Their metabolism is very efficient.
04:17It can make full use of the limited oxygen in the thin air
04:27Food in high-altitude forest areas
04:29Extremely scarce
04:33There are no fruits or tender leaves here.
04:36All that could be found was the frozen true-leaf forest.
04:44Golden snub-nosed monkeys have limited food options.
04:47So they gradually evolved
04:49The ability to make a living by eating food.
04:56First, it is difficult to chew and digest.
04:59But it's better than starving.
05:04First, slow growth
05:06It will take fifteen years to recover to its original scale.
05:10Therefore, golden snub-nosed monkeys need to travel long distances.
05:13It forages for food within its 25-square-kilometer range.
05:20Golden snub-nosed monkeys live in family units.
05:23The leader is a male.
05:26They can travel up to 1,500 meters a day.
05:31When they no longer need to traverse the forest for survival
05:35They will rest to conserve energy.
05:44When a male golden snub-nosed monkey yawns
05:46It will reveal sharp knuckles.
05:48These clenched teeth are not used for chewing.
05:52Instead, it was used for fighting each other.
05:55The male monkey's lip was cut in a fight not long ago.
06:00Broken
06:01Now it's going back to the battlefield.
06:05Another male leader entered its territory.
06:08And they were preparing to fight.
06:37Male leader
06:58Challenger defeated
07:03The Marquis of Bale continued to dominate.
07:12In the mountain forests of southwestern China
07:15Golden snub-nosed monkeys are not the only unique species.
07:24This place is also home to some of the world's rarest...
07:27The most primitive type of bear
07:31This is a giant panda, often referred to as a living fossil.
07:39Although they are carnivores
07:41It belongs to the same family as grizzly bears and polar bears.
07:44However, the giant panda has taken a unique approach.
07:47Through evolution, they evolved to rely on a type of herbaceous plant for survival.
07:53bamboo
07:54Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants on Earth.
07:58Some species can even grow a meter taller in a single day.
08:01However, bamboo is also one of the least nutritious foods on Earth.
08:05One of the most difficult plants to digest
08:11This plant has become a favorite food of carnivores.
08:17To survive by relying on bamboo
08:19Giant pandas have evolved several unique characteristics.
08:25They have exceptionally well-developed synkinetic muscles.
08:28It can bite through bamboo mirrors
08:30This gave them their well-known round and chubby faces.
08:38Giant pandas have a tough mucous membrane inside their throat and stomach.
08:42The surface is lubricated with viscous fluid.
08:44It can prevent being cut by shards.
08:48However, in order to eat bamboo
08:50Their hands have undergone the most peculiar adaptive evolution.
08:54People have known for a long time
08:56The giant panda had an extra finger before.
08:59A mysterious thumb
09:02This is not a real thumb.
09:04It evolved from a wrist bone.
09:06Helps to grip bamboo
09:09However, recent research has found
09:11Giant pandas' hands are even more bizarre than we originally thought.
09:15This unique bear species
09:17Actually, they found two extra fingers before each one.
09:21The wrist bone on the other side of the palm
09:23Similar evolution also occurred.
09:25This mutated palm
09:27When grasping the bamboo mirror
09:29Ordinary five fingers and mutated two wrist bones
09:32Like a pair of pliers
09:34With the help of these pliers
09:36Giant pandas handle bamboo with ease.
09:38Easy as pie
09:41Giant panda's mutated hand
09:42In the evolutionary history of the limbs of animals on Earth
09:45One of the most special cases
09:48With such palms
09:50That's why they eat more than 20 kilograms of bamboo every day.
09:53Become possible
09:56For a bear species
09:58This kind of reality is truly rare.
10:02So why did giant pandas go to the streets?
10:04This unique evolutionary path?
10:07We need to trace history
10:09Let's go back to ancient China to find the answer.
10:21In a limestone cave known as Gold and Silver
10:25Assistant Professor Jin Chang discovered
10:27The earliest giant panda remains in China
10:30Where did we find the smaller species of giant panda?
10:33The giant panda from about two million years ago
10:37Early forms of giant pandas
10:40It is very different from the giant panda we know today.
10:42The one that's easier to see
10:44Its frontal bone is relatively long
10:49More than two million years ago
10:51Footprints of the Giant Panda's Ancestors
10:53Once spread throughout China
10:55At that time
10:57The earliest giant pandas in China were not very large.
11:00Instead, it's about being short.
11:04Small Giant Panda
11:05Only half the size of a modern giant panda
11:08Although it also eats bamboo
11:10But it hasn't evolved to live on bamboo yet.
11:17However, in ancient China
11:19Competition for food is extremely fierce in the forest.
11:27Professor Jin made another shocking discovery.
11:34A giant, emaciated prehistoric tooth that once lived in this cave.
11:41The forests of China once housed one of the largest apes in history.
11:46giant ape
11:49Researchers estimate
11:51The giant ape was over three meters tall.
11:53Weight over 500 kilograms
11:55Three times the weight of a gorilla
11:59A large jaw and even teeth indicate
12:02Gigantopithecus fed on a variety of plants
12:04This includes bamboo.
12:06This means
12:08Between it and the smaller species of giant panda
12:10Competition exists for food and living space.
12:26However, two animals living in the same cave
12:29Their fates were completely different.
12:32When the last weapon arrived
12:35China's forest area is shrinking
12:38Food nowhere to be found
12:40Gigantopithecus may have had difficulty finding enough food to sustain its life.
12:45Some scientists believe
12:47Gigantopithecus may have been hunted by early humans.
12:50Regardless of the reason
12:52Gigantopithecus lived approximately 200,000 years ago.
12:54They have become extinct forever from the earth.
13:02In comparison
13:03Smaller species of giant pandas are better adapted to the unpredictable climate.
13:07and limited food supply
13:11Survival strategies chosen by the ancestors of giant pandas
13:13To save them from the same fate as the Gigantopithecus
13:17Forests are shrinking
13:19Smaller giant pandas also ventured into the cold mountainous regions.
13:26Their size increased significantly
13:28And choose to eat only one type of bamboo that is still plentiful.
13:36From carnivorous to herbivorous
13:38Flexibility
13:39This allowed the panda animal to be preserved.
13:46The violent power underground will break through the constraints of the earth's surface.
13:49gushing out
13:52volcanic hot springs in Tibet
13:54Xingluo Start
13:56Wastewater gushed to the surface through a fault deep within the underground bridge.
14:04There is a reptile
14:06This highly alienated environment was fully utilized
14:15This is a hot spring snake.
14:17Hot spring snakes live on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China.
14:20Near volcanic hot springs at an altitude of over 4,000 meters
14:26This makes it the snake with the highest altitude habitat in the world.
14:34Most snakes cannot survive at such high altitudes.
14:39Because they are cold-blooded animals
14:43If the temperature drops below zero degrees Celsius
14:45Snakes usually die within a few hours.
14:48Or become sluggish
14:50Unable to move normally
14:56However, volcanic hot springs
14:58It provides life-saving heat to cold-blooded reptiles.
15:09Other species also live near volcanic hot springs.
15:13This is the food source for hot spring snakes.
15:15However, this is on the premise that the hot spring snakes can be caught.
15:26The area suitable for hot spring snakes to live in is not large.
15:29Too close to the hot spring
15:31The boiling spring water is too hot.
15:36If you are more than 800 meters away from the hot spring
15:38The hot spring snakes will freeze to death again.
15:48Long before the mountains and hot springs were formed
15:50These snakes have been living here for a long time.
15:54Their homeland was originally flat.
15:57It is a mild sun
15:59165 million years ago
16:02The ancient Gangwana Road is splitting apart.
16:09The Indian Ocean Plate is moving southward.
16:11Moving northwards, drifting towards the edge of the Eurasian Plate.
16:1645 million years ago
16:18Indian Plate collides with Eurasian Plate
16:21It's like a car crashing into a brick wall.
16:25With the collision of the two tectonic plates
16:27They squeezed against each other
16:28This caused the ancient seabed to rise.
16:35The Himalayas, the highest mountain range on Earth
16:39Therefore, it was born
16:46The force of this impact was so great
16:48Not only did it form the world's highest mountain range
16:52It also created another breathtaking geological wonder.
17:00Softer seabed between two continental plates
17:03Squeezed out of the wrinkles
17:04The Himalayas were formed.
17:12However, the rock layers of the Eurasian Plate are much harder.
17:19As the two tectonic plates collided
17:21extrusion
17:22Part of the Eurasian Plate's crust thickened
17:25This part of the earth's crust is constantly rising.
17:27Formed the world's largest
17:29One of the highest plateaus
17:35The area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
17:37Approximately 2.5 million square kilometers
17:39The average altitude is around 5000 meters.
17:50This is the most extreme place on Earth.
17:52One of the harshest environments
18:00The environment at the highest point of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is extremely harsh.
18:05No large animal can live here year-round.
18:12Besides the most tenacious type of cattle in the world
18:18wild yak
18:19It can live in high-altitude areas above 6,000 meters.
18:25The living conditions here would kill most animals.
18:29However, these survivors could be due to a series of...
18:32Unique adaptive evolution to survive again
18:38The yak's horn can reach a height of 2 meters.
18:40Weight exceeding one ton
18:44Huge body and thick
18:46fluffy fur
18:47It can prevent heat loss in low-temperature environments.
18:52However, the challenges posed by the high-altitude environment are not limited to this.
18:56At this altitude
18:58The oxygen content in the air is only half that at sea level.
19:02The intensity of ultraviolet radiation doubled.
19:09Here
19:09Each breath became incredibly difficult.
19:13Every moment is a relentless test of the sun's wisdom.
19:17To survive
19:18Yaks have evolved a unique skeletal structure.
19:22Yaks have 14 pairs of ribs
19:24One more pair than domestic cattle
19:26This allows for the formation of a larger thoracic cavity.
19:28It contains a heart and lungs twice the size of those of other cows.
19:35Unique chemical properties of yak blood
19:38It can deliver oxygen to all parts of the body more efficiently.
19:43These adaptive evolutions
19:45It helps yaks breathe in the thin air.
19:48Absorbing the oxygen necessary for survival
19:52yak's thick skin
19:54Able to block ultraviolet radiation
19:56Their sweat lines stopped working.
19:58Prevent moisture and heat loss
20:06But I don't sweat.
20:07It also brings a drawback.
20:10When the temperature exceeds 20 degrees Celsius
20:12Yaks cannot stay cool
20:14It started to feel unbearably hot.
20:23Therefore, every spring when
20:25The yak herds will then migrate up the mountain.
20:28Returning to a cool summer resort
20:32On this earth
20:34Most unsuitable places to live
20:36Wild yaks are the only species that can survive year-round.
20:39Large animals that live here
20:42But millions of years ago
20:43A large group of giant beasts covered in spears
20:46Dominating this frozen plateau
20:53The last ice age began
20:55More than 2.5 million years ago
20:59As global temperatures drop
21:00Most of the Northern Hemisphere
21:03Covered by ice layers up to two thousand meters thick
21:09Only animals adapted to frozen climates
21:11Only then can they survive
21:13During the Ice Age, they were equipped with spears.
21:16Domination of large mammals
21:17For example, P-type tin
21:22All along
21:23They are believed to have originated in the Arctic region.
21:26Then it spread across Eurasia.
21:30However, a recent discovery
21:31This completely overturned the theory.
21:362011
21:38Chinese paleontologists
21:40On the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
21:41A prehistoric cemetery was discovered.
21:47That place was filled with giant, icy beasts.
21:49Including the first discovery of P-type tin fossils in Tibet
21:55When scientists determine the age of fossils
21:58An amazing discovery was made.
22:01The fossils from the sea valley are 3.7 million years old.
22:04This means that P-type tin had already started using ice paint before
22:09They were active in the Tibet region.
22:13One million years before the arrival of ice lacquer
22:15The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region already possesses a variety of
22:19Animals adapted to frozen environments
22:25Their thick, bushy fur and enormous size
22:29When ice and snow spread across the globe
22:32They can still reproduce and thrive
22:39P-Mou Tin
22:40From their home on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
22:43It spread all the way to northern Asia and Europe.
22:47Tibet is like a cold cradle of evolution.
22:51Numerous ice-lacquered behemoths were born.
22:56The P-type tin coin went extinct 12,000 years ago.
23:02Yaks have become the only remaining giant yaks on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
23:07This large, bushy-haired bovine animal
23:10One of the last survivors in high-altitude areas
23:17After the end of the Ice Age
23:19Most glaciers and ice sheets on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have melted and receded.
23:24It left behind a vast and fertile playground.
23:28Global Vision is exclusively sponsored by New Leaf Bank's Global Life program.
23:40Visible scenery
23:41A life without the moon
23:43Criminal card platinum credit card
23:45Global Business Travel Credit Card
23:48This is our unchanging symbol.
23:52Because of the Tang Dynasty
23:56This is a part of our story that we will never forget.
24:00Due to the Tang Dynasty
24:04This is a memory we will never forget.
24:07Reminiscing about the Tang Dynasty
24:12Jiannanchun: A Model of Chinese Baijiu Value
24:18Cordyceps sinensis
24:20Are you still decocting herbs and making soup?
24:23Are you still making medicinal wine or water with these ingredients?
24:27Are you still using steel powder?
24:31Cordyceps sinensis is now being consumed in a cooling manner.
24:35Eating it cold makes it more efficient.
24:39Jicaowu X Cordyceps
24:42Extremely cold foods are used to make high-efficiency utilization of herbs.
24:48When you get into university
24:49Mom just wanted happiness.
24:54After you get married
24:56Having children
24:58Mom just wanted happiness.
25:01grandmother
25:02When I grow up
25:03I'll make you wish for happiness.
25:05Don't let waiting become a regret.
25:08I love reading
25:09I love reading
25:10I love reading
25:13More than 20 years ago
25:14I'll act in an educational video.
25:17Twenty years later
25:18He also played Yang Shanzhou
25:21On them
25:22There is a spiritual power
25:25This power
25:26I was infected
25:28It also infected many, many people.
25:31Upright
25:32Clean hands
25:34Always keeping the people in mind
25:37Doing real things for the people
25:40The people will always remember
25:44This is the power of role models.
25:46This is the good cadre that the people will always remember.
26:00I only wish to join the Communist Party of China.
26:05honest
26:06May you live a peaceful life
26:09Real-life benefits and love
26:32grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
26:34It is home to many strange animals.
26:36High-altitude shelter
26:41Let's get to know the Rabbit
26:43Jingqing, the fluffy rabbit
26:45It does look cute.
26:47In fact
26:48It is outwardly strong and inwardly firm.
26:50A high-altitude region
26:51Excellent survival master
26:55Rabbits need to eat every day
26:56Grass equivalent to half of one's own weight
26:58This ensures a rapid metabolism.
27:01This is also key to the survival of those born in the Year of the Rabbit.
27:10Like all other animals living on the Tibetan Plateau
27:13Those born in the Year of the Rabbit also need to cope with harsh and unpredictable weather.
27:34But no matter how cold
27:36Rabbits don't tremble.
27:38They don't need it at all.
27:41Most mammals tremble when they do.
27:43Heat is generated through muscle contraction.
27:46Rabbits should avoid removing fishy smells.
27:48Their powerful metabolism
27:50Body temperature can be maintained by rapidly burning fat.
27:55They eat large amounts of grass
27:56To provide energy for the body's central heating system.
28:04Because those born in the Year of the Rabbit have a high metabolic rate
28:06Therefore, the lifespan is shorter.
28:08They will hardly live more than a year.
28:11However, they make full use of the limited time of their lives.
28:14To reproduce wildly
28:17Each female rabbit, during its only breeding season
28:20It can produce up to 45 offspring.
28:28Harsh climate
28:29This is not the only challenge that those born in the Year of the Rabbit will face living here.
28:33A dangerous predator also lurks on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
28:38Tibetan brown bear size
28:39Smaller than the grizzly bears they encounter weekly.
28:43But like the grizzly bear
28:45Throughout the summer
28:46They all store ample protein and fat.
28:49Preparing for winter cotton
28:56Even a rotten and moldy yak skull
28:59No shares
29:01For them
29:02Finding scraps of meat is like finding a treasure.
29:11However, the mother and cub of brown bears need fresher food.
29:19Grizzly bears get to enjoy a salmon feast every week.
29:22Tibetan brown bears, on the other hand, are replaced by pikas.
29:29The young hunter is a newcomer
29:31Lucky
29:32They quickly caught their delicious prey.
29:40The mother bear was extremely unlucky.
29:42The pika managed to escape.
29:56Tibetan brown bears throughout the summer
29:58They all roam the plateau in search of food.
30:00Store up energy for the cold winter
30:03They are a threat to all animals on the plateau.
30:08To avoid the hunting party
30:09There is an animal that chooses to undertake long-distance migrations.
30:19Turbid Lake
30:20The altitude is nearly 5,000 meters
30:22The emerald green lake water is like a sparkling gem.
30:28This is one of the most isolated places in China.
30:32It is also a spectacular wildlife festival in Asia.
30:36The destination of the Tibetan antelope massacre
30:43Every summer, tens of thousands of Tibetan antelopes trek hundreds of kilometers in front of the city.
30:47Crossing the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
30:49Arriving at Lake Nigino
30:55Tibetan antelopes are also successful evolutionary experts in high-altitude survival.
31:00Their double fur
31:02It helps to block out cold air.
31:05Tibetan antelope wool is considered to be the highest quality in the animal kingdom.
31:08The warmest fur
31:13The lumps on either side of the Tibetan antelope's snout are actually air sacs.
31:16It can help them breathe in low-oxygen environments.
31:24This additional oxygen supply characteristic
31:27This allows Tibetan antelopes to run at speeds of up to 80 kilometers per hour.
31:31This is an extremely fast speed for animals in high-altitude areas.
31:36Already
31:37Tibetan antelopes migrate from various parts of the vast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to Zhuonai.
31:41lake
31:42From the very first few
31:44Slowly, tens of thousands of Tibetan antelopes gathered together.
31:48Only pregnant ewes embark on this epic journey.
31:54The reason they traveled thousands of miles to get here
31:57There is only one reason
31:59That is to produce in a safe and secluded place.
32:06After nearly six months of pregnancy
32:08A Tibetan antelope mother will give birth to a precious calf.
32:21Tibetan antelope from birth
32:23We are already prepared to meet the challenges of the high-altitude environment.
32:29The newborn Tibetan antelope is still unsteady on its feet
32:32But within fifteen minutes
32:34They will then learn to walk
32:39When Mom left to graze
32:41The cub's yellowish-brown awn
32:43This allows them to hide within the licorice.
32:45Undiscovered
32:49But this cub couldn't wait to explore the world.
32:53It wanders around
32:55They were quickly swallowed up by the flock of sheep.
32:59This mother was unwilling to spend the time and effort taking care of other people's children.
33:04The cubs were driven out of the Tibetan herds.
33:12This is an extremely dangerous step.
33:14Because it had already been spotted by a pair of eyes.
33:23The Tibetan antelope's secret breeding grounds are not absolutely safe.
33:28The sharp-eyed Gao Shan suddenly appeared
33:30The Tibetan antelope herd that followed the migration
33:36Their rest stations are nearly three meters long
33:38You can ride the updraft
33:40Soaring effortlessly over the plateau
33:48If the lost cub is injured
33:50Suddenly, it will die.
33:53Then they ate it until only bones were left.
34:06Fortunately
34:07The timely appearance of the Tibetan antelope mother
34:09They drove away the people from the Ten Prefectures Cave.
34:19Mother and son reunited after a long separation
34:27However, they cannot escape the greatest threat from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
34:31Moody weather
34:44Thunderstorm clouds gradually gathered
34:47The icy rain began to lash the entire mining area.
34:59The rain turned into snow.
35:01White quickly enveloped the earth.
35:12Tibetan antelopes can only lie flat on the ground.
35:14Hoping for thick fur
35:16Cleansing that can withstand blizzards
35:40However, not all Tibetan antelopes survive.
35:44Harsh weather can cause half of the cubs to die.
35:47Died within two months of birth
35:53For this Tibetan antelope mother
35:55After a long journey, we arrived at Lake Zhuonai.
35:57What awaited her was the pain of losing her son.
36:08Surviving Tibetan antelope mothers and calves
36:11They will stay in the secret mortal land for about twenty days.
36:14Then began the long return journey.
36:23It takes more than a month to paint a Tibetan antelope.
36:26Only then can you travel 300 kilometers.
36:28Back to the winter playground
36:34Lake Nigōno became deserted again.
36:36All that remained were corpses and vultures.
37:03CCTV-1 Comprehensive Channel
37:06Golden Time Wolf Nine Red Flower Wolf Special Theater
37:09Where the fish are silent
37:10Pure love quietly sprouts
37:12These had a huge impact afterward.
37:18The mountains rise high
37:20Blocked the northward-bound Jiyu Cloud
37:24This has created large fishing grounds in northern China.
37:27It created one of the largest deserts in Asia.
37:31Gobi Desert
37:35This is a unique desert.
37:37Summer temperatures can reach as high as 50 degrees Celsius.
37:40In winter, the temperature can drop to minus forty degrees Celsius.
37:47The air here is cold and dry.
37:50There are even animals that specialize in breathing
37:52And thus, a strange organ evolved.
37:58Saiga antelope, also known as saiga antelope
38:01Their noses are different
38:04The inflatable nose can heat the air in winter.
38:08It can keep cool in summer.
38:14Inside the nose
38:15Bones, hair, and blood vessels form a complex system.
38:21In the East
38:22The antelope's nose can inhale cold air before it reaches its lungs.
38:26Preheat it
38:27It can cool the blood in summer.
38:33It's like an air conditioner installed on the face of a Saiga antelope.
38:39Hairy nostrils also help filter out sand and dust.
38:46But even with these extraordinary adaptability
38:49Saiga antelopes also cannot live in high-altitude areas year-round.
38:54When winter arrives
38:55They will migrate to lower-altitude desert valleys.
39:09Gobi Desert
39:10It's just one of the many unique environments created by the roof of the world.
39:18Two thousand kilometers south of here
39:21The landforms are completely different.
39:23An animal with a peculiar nose also lives there.
39:32Startled Silk Monkey
39:38winter
39:38Snow covered the forests of the Hengduan Mountains.
39:42However, this will not affect habitats around the world.
39:44The highest altitude forest gorilla
39:49This amazing and peculiar animal
39:51Now there are fewer than 1,500 left.
39:54Moreover, they all inhabit a mountain range.
40:01They are the rarest in the world
40:03One of the forest predators that humans know very little about
40:08But they are not the only golden snub-nosed monkeys in the Hengduan Mountains.
40:13Just a few valleys away
40:15There also lives a creature even more peculiar than them.
40:25Well-piercing monkey
40:37They live in areas at altitudes lower than those of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey.
40:42However, thick fur is still needed for warmth.
40:49Golden snub-nosed monkeys gnaw on tree bark in winter.
40:52And when summer comes
40:53Then they will come to the ground.
40:55Gathering seeds and fruits
41:06Male Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey
41:07It has an anatomical feature not found in other forest predators.
41:12That's the strange, flowing attack from the corners of their mouths.
41:16Its exact purpose remains a mystery.
41:22Some researchers speculate
41:23This is a type of line
41:25They can secrete a chemical substance used for communication.
41:35Compared to adult Sichuan golden monkeys
41:38The cubs have lighter fur.
41:40It will turn golden after a few years.
41:44When they were born
41:45The skin around the mouth is pink
41:47As we get older
41:49It will slowly turn blue
41:52Young Sichuan golden monkeys are very intelligent
41:55Very naughty
41:56They weren't clinging to their mother.
41:58They were practicing gymnastics.
42:00They even groom each other.
42:07Treat it as a game
42:14They often hug each other.
42:17This not only helps to enhance feelings
42:19When the temperature gets cold
42:21They can also keep each other warm
42:28In the same area
42:30How could two types of golden monkeys have evolved?
42:33Why did they never meet?
42:37Answer
42:38It lies in the immense force that created the Himalayas and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
42:43In the quantity
42:45The Hengduan Mountains are not part of the Himalayas.
42:48However, its formation is also related to the violent collision of two continental plates.
42:57This enormous force that has created the world's stains.
43:00It is still in use today.
43:07One million years ago
43:08The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has undergone another period of rapid geological change.
43:13The result was the creation of a unique topography in southwestern China.
43:18Due to the collision of the Indian Ocean Plate and the Eurasian Plate
43:21The Earth's crust is like a toothpaste tube being pushed inwards.
43:26With the continuous movement of the continental plate
43:28Earth's crust rotation
43:29fracture and bulge
43:31This forms a series of steep, parallel mountain ranges running north-south.
43:36The Hengduan Mountains originated from this.
43:42The Hengduan Mountains are steep and rugged.
43:44The animals simply couldn't cross the valley they were in.
43:51Biologists call these areas Sky Islands
43:55It is an excellent environment for the formation of new things.
44:04The Marquis of Jinsi is the most typical example.
44:10One million years ago
44:11There is only one type of golden silk marquis.
44:13However, the Hengduan Mountains form an insurmountable natural barrier.
44:17The Golden Silk Marquis population was separated.
44:20isolated from each other
44:23Different populations of the golden snub-nosed monkey quickly evolved into different species.
44:29They also have different characteristics.
44:32These beautiful and mysterious monkeys are the subjects of many local legends.
44:37male
44:37However, sharing this mountain forest with them are China's true iconic landmarks.
44:43animal
44:56In western Sichuan Province
44:57When winter arrives
44:59Giant pandas still stroll leisurely through the mountain forests.
45:04Like most bears
45:06Giant pandas are skilled climbers
45:08During breaks, they would climb up tall trees.
45:11Not long
45:13They had to climb down
45:15Return to the ground to eat again
45:20Unlike other bears,
45:22Giant pandas do not hibernate
45:24Because their only food
45:26bamboo
45:27They cannot store enough fat.
45:30They cannot live without bamboo all year round.
45:34Giant pandas spend ten hours a day
45:37Chewing this tough herb
45:39They can only rely on this
45:41Barely obtaining the nutrients necessary for survival
45:45A Chinese research team
45:47They are working to unravel the mystery of giant pandas' preference for bamboo.
45:52But first
45:53They need to find a research subject.
45:55In the rugged and steep Hengduan Mountains
45:58The search is not a single thing
46:03Giant pandas were once widely distributed in southern China
46:07Even as far as Vietnam and Myanmar
46:11However, as the climate becomes increasingly dry
46:13The area of bamboo forest has shrunk
46:15The number of giant pandas has also decreased.
46:19The unique geographical structure of the Hengduan Mountains
46:22It can block the rainwater brought by the monsoon every year.
46:27This humid microclimate
46:29This provides a sanctuary for the bamboo forests and giant pandas here.
46:37Existing wild giant pandas
46:39Only about 1,600 remain.
46:42Searching for giant pandas in towering mountains
46:45Like finding a needle in a haystack
46:48Fortunately
46:49The research team has already studied the giant pandas in the region.
46:53A positioning collar was installed.
46:54Searching can be done using a radio antenna.
47:02even so
47:03To find a wild giant panda
47:05It will also take several hours
47:10Finally, the scientists found one
47:13The elusive giant panda
47:16We did this by giving giant pandas
47:18Equipped with radio phase ring
47:19We can at the individual level
47:21Studying the giant panda's dense-packing strategy
47:22By carefully observing the giant panda's nearsightedness
47:25Then collect their feces.
47:27Scientists are trying to explain
47:30Why do giant pandas only eat bamboo?
47:32A major breakthrough has been achieved on this issue.
47:35Our previous research found
47:36Giant pandas can actually be utilized
47:39Part of the plant
47:40Number of fortune tellers who mutually agree to matchmaking
47:44Researchers found
47:45In the intestines of giant pandas
47:47There is a type of bacteria called cyclophosphamide.
47:51This bacterium can synthesize enzymes.
47:53To help the host break down bamboo
47:58This can be explained
47:59Why can giant pandas rely on this...?
48:01Surviving on low-nutrient plants
48:03But the reasons are not sufficient.
48:06Even with the help of special gut bacteria
48:09Giant pandas can still only absorb nutrients from bamboo.
48:12A small portion of available nutrients
48:17Recent developments of giant pandas
48:18For example, brown bears and grizzly bears
48:20To survive, they ate almost anything.
48:26Although giant pandas are anatomically...
48:29Still belonging to the carnivorous animal category
48:31But they eat almost exclusively bamboo.
48:33If there were no bamboo
48:34They may starve to death.
48:38They seem to have a craving for meat.
48:39Never interested
48:42Now we finally know the reason.
48:47Scientists discovered this while sequencing the DNA of giant pandas.
48:50Their taste genes have mutated
48:55When eating high-protein foods such as meat
48:57The umami sensation obtained
48:58It is sensed through a gene called TES-ER1.
49:06Scientists discovered
49:07TES-ER1 gene in giant pandas
49:10In a mutation four million years ago
49:12Lost activity
49:15After that mutation
49:16Giant pandas have lost the ability to perceive the taste of meat.
49:20Instead, they became addicted to eating bamboo.
49:24This ancient survivor
49:26They found shelter in the Hengduan Mountains.
49:29Gradually becoming dependent on this
49:31Food that is barely enough to survive
49:40The example of the giant panda illustrates
49:42Biological evolution
49:43It may take a completely unexpected path.
49:54The highest mountain range on Earth and the vast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
50:03Only organisms adapted to the harsh environment of high-altitude regions
50:07Only then can we survive on the roof of the world.
50:12Mutation and Evolution
50:13Together, they have created a group of resilient mountain dwellers.
50:18They have unique physical structures and habits.
50:21This allows them to survive in the most extreme conditions on Earth.
50:25They can also reproduce and thrive
50:57Chinese subtitle volunteer Li Zongsheng
50:58YoYo Television Series Exclusive
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