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从东京审判到联合国成立，中国如何参与塑造战后秩序？ 世界五分之一的人口，如何成为现代国际格局的重要力量？
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电视文字稿
00:28字幕志愿者 李宗盛
00:34After the conclusion of World War II as a crucial component of post-war settlement,
00:41the Allied powers established the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo,
00:48Japan, to try Japanese war criminals under international law.
00:56The Tokyo Trials represented a historic judgment of peace against war,
01:03civilization against barbarism, and justice against evil, beating epoch, making significance.
01:14I am Einar Tangen. As an international commentator with over four decades of experience in legal and
01:21political analysis, I hold deep reverence for every Chinese individual who participated in the
01:29International Military Tribunal for the Far East. The judges, the prosecutors, the prosecution team,
01:37and the witnesses. Behind them stood the will of their compatriots, accounting for one-fifth
01:45of
01:45humanity and the righteous path where justice shines brightly.
01:51On this 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of resistance against Japanese
01:58and the world's anti-fascist war. Please allow me to guide you through history and into
02:06that courtroom battlefield,
02:08where the struggle was no less arduous than the blood-soaked front lines.
02:13Thank you very much.
02:43法国、荷兰、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、印度、菲律宾十
02:49一国派法官组成。
02:51中国委派的是国民政府立法委员兼外交委员会主席梅
02:56鲁敖法官。
02:59东京审判的检控方是由十一国检察官组成的国
03:03际检察局,
03:05隶属于驻日盟军总部。
03:07中国检察官代表是上海特区首席检察官向哲俊。
03:13声正口
03:17Judge Mei jewel、 representing Chinal at the Tokyo trial,
03:21was burning with anxiety.
03:23He had just moved from room 288
03:26to room 256
03:28in the Imperial Hotel Tokyo,
03:31simply because room 256
03:33was slightly cooler.
03:35but for mei juao none of that mattered all he cared about was when those japanese war
03:44criminals guilty of heinous crimes would be finally brought to justice
03:54professor gu yishu who had traveled specifically from china on a secret investigation mission
04:01presented judge mei juao with a three foot long gleaming sword and solemnly declared
04:10you represent the 450 million people of china and the tens of millions of our fallen compatriots
04:19coming to the capital of this aggressor nation to punish its chief culprits no act in this
04:27world
04:27could be more righteous than this judge mei juao side with solemn resolve in operas
04:36there's the imperial sword execute first report later but now is an era of the rule of law
04:45we must judge before we execute otherwise i'd be truly tempted to strike down a few of them first
04:54just to ease the fury in my heart
05:01遠東國際軍事法庭憲章明確規定了判断戰爭罪
05:06責的三條基本原則
05:09第一國際法規定的通行的戰爭犯罪
05:15第二計劃準備發動或實施侵略戰爭或違反國際條約
05:20協議或諾言之戰爭
05:22或參與為實現上述戰爭之一種的共同計劃或同
05:27謀的反和平罪
05:31第三在战前战中針對任何平民的屠殺滅絕奴役
05:36強制遷移以及其他的非人道行為的反人道罪
05:41並規定被告的公職身份或執行命令均不得作為
05:46免罪的理由
05:48這是國際法上首開先例推動了國際戰爭法規的建
05:53立與發展
05:54對於國際法的理論和實踐具有重大開拓意義
06:031945年9月11日
06:05逐日盟軍總部下令逮捕日本前首相東條林基等39
06:09名戰犯嫌疑人
06:11到同年年底
06:12作為甲級戰犯嫌疑人被拘留的日本軍人
06:16皇族 閣僚 残戒人物等已超過百人
06:21另外
06:21還有屬於乙級 秉級的戰犯嫌疑人約2.5萬人在各
06:26地被逮捕
06:271946年4月17日
06:29國際檢察局最後確定28人為甲級戰犯
06:33作為被告起訴
06:354月29日
06:36遠東國際軍事法庭對東條英基等28名甲級戰犯
06:41正式起訴
06:43法庭設在原日本陸軍省
06:45庭長室設在東條英基原來的辦公室
06:495月3日
06:50遠東國際軍事法庭在軍事會議廳召開第一次公開
06:55會議
06:56開始正式審理東條英基等戰犯的罪行
07:00從3月3日到4日
07:041946
07:06Chief Prosecutor Joseph Kiernan
07:08read out a 42-page indictment
07:19항 Kyiv
07:41案情報
07:41確定
07:44中文字幕 李宗盛
07:45The attention generated by the Tokyo trials was unprecedented.
07:50When Class A war criminals like Hideki Tojo were indicted,
07:55even General Douglas MacArthur,
07:58the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers in Japan,
08:01brought his family to observe the proceedings.
08:06A small number of Japanese fascist war criminals,
08:09knowing they could not escape justice and unwilling to face trial,
08:16committed suicide,one after another,out of fear of punishment.
08:24Starting on June 3,1946,the Tokyo trials entered the prosecution's evidence.
08:30Presentation phase,Nanjing Massacre survivors,
08:35Chinese General Chin Daishun,John McGee,Chairman of the Nanjing Committee of the
08:41International Red Cross,
08:43and others,appeared in court,and one after another,making strong accusations against the Japanese war criminals.
08:52What is your name?
08:56John Gillespie McGee.
09:00Were you in Nankin,throughout the month of December,1937,January and February 1938?
09:10I was.
09:13What was the action of the Japanese soldiers,toward the civilian Chinese men,after they had possession of
09:24the city of Nankin,on December 13,1937?
09:29The killing began immediately,in several ways,often by individual Japanese soldiers,or up to 30 soldiers together,going
09:43about,
09:44each one seeming to have the power of life or death,and then soon there was organized killing
09:50of great bodies of men.
09:52And these people were being killed by rifle fire and machine gun principally,also we knew of groups of
10:01several hundred being bayoneted to death.
10:04Some were,one woman told me that her husband's hands were tied in front of her,and he was
10:12thrown into a pond,and she was,they stayed there and wouldn't let her rescue him,he was drowned
10:17before her face.
10:20The Chinese prosecution also made various efforts,and cooperated with the Soviet side to have Puyi,then
10:26serving his sentence in the Karabovskak prison,for formerly serving as the emperor of Manch
10:32uko,appear in court.
11:01The Chinese
11:06当时我做了这种话的时候
11:08我心里都非常难受
11:09可是没法主
11:11因为说这种话的时候
11:12后来这么写
11:13我说说这种话的时候
11:14当时见的时候
11:16旁边还有日本人跟着
11:18欢迎也都是他们的人
11:21On April 16th, 1948
11:24the court adjourned to deliberate
11:26on the judgment
11:28On November 4th
11:29the presiding judge began reading
11:32that 1,231 page judgment
11:36which was not completed
11:39until November 12th
11:44国际检察局开始起诉的是28人
11:47但前日本外交大臣松刚杨佑
11:50和前日军海军大将
11:52永也修身病死
11:55为日本军国主义侵略
11:57炮制法西斯理论根据的
11:59大川周明
12:00因发狂而诊断为精神病
12:02而终止受审
12:09最后
12:10远东国际军事法庭
12:12只对25名甲级战犯
12:14进行了审判和判决
12:17东挑英级
12:18土肺元贤二
12:19板元征四郎等7人
12:21处以绞刑
12:23田骏六
12:24小鸡国招
12:25美金美智郎等16人
12:27判处无期徒刑
12:28东江茂德判处有期徒刑20年
12:31崇光魁判处有期徒刑7年
12:361948年12月23日
12:38东京巢鸭监狱
12:39东条英级等7名甲级战犯
12:42被执行绞刑
12:47Overall, the Tokyo Trials
12:49were relatively just
12:50reflecting the common will
12:52of the anti-fascist allied powers
12:55and the people of the world
12:56and embodying the principles
12:59of justice in international law
13:02However, the Tokyo Trials
13:04also had obvious flaws
13:06and shortcomings
13:08the verdicts of the international military tribunal
13:12for the Far East against Japanese war criminals
13:14can only be considered a partial reckoning
13:18of Japan's war crimes
13:19far from thorough or complete
13:23第二次世界大战结束后
13:25由于美国的对外政策
13:27明显地转向反苏反共
13:29反对中国革命
13:30急于把日本变成反共的东方前哨阵地
13:34美国占领当局
13:35竟不顾中国和全世界人民的反对
13:38对日本战犯极力庇护或大批释放
13:42判决书只强调
13:43日本军队在实施侵略战争方面的罪行
13:46而没有追究日本天皇与人的战争责任
13:51没有追究天皇的战争责任
13:53就不可能彻底追究日本国家的战争责任
13:56给战后的日本政治带来了严重后果
14:00造成日本政府拒绝对侵略战争
14:03进行诚心的反省和悔改
14:05政治上长期又轻化
14:09审判没有严惩实施细菌战和化学战的战犯
14:13由于受到美国占领当局的庇护
14:16许多日本战犯没有受到应有的惩罚
14:19从而逍遥法外
14:23去 transform Japan into an eastern outpost
14:27for the United States
14:28against the Soviet Union and communism
14:31on December 24th, 1948
14:34the day after seven Japanese Class A war criminals
14:39were executed by hanging
14:40the supreme commander for the allied powers in Japan
14:45Douglas MacArthur announced the release of 19 Class A war criminal suspects
14:54including Nobusuko Kishi who had already been sentenced
14:59and were serving their terms in Tsugamo prison in Japan
15:04on October 19th, 1949
15:08it was further announced that investigations into Class B and C war criminals
15:14would also cease and no more war criminal suspects would be arrested or searched for
15:21on March 7th, 1950
15:25Directive No. 5 was brazenly issued stipulating that all Japanese war criminals still serving sentencing
15:34according to their judgments would be released before the end of their terms
15:39upon signing a loyalty oath under a parole system
15:44which effectively negated the judgments of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East
15:52On May 15th, 1950
15:55the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China
15:59issued a solemn statement
16:02Central People's Government holds
16:05that the unlawful and ultra-virus action of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers
16:12Douglas MacArthur
16:13have not only violated the Far Eastern Allied Agreement
16:17on establishing the International Military Tribunal during World War II
16:23not only undermine the solemn judgments of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East
16:30in punishing Japanese war criminals
16:32but such arrogant conduct had inevitably severely compromised the fundamental rights
16:41of the Chinese people earned through eight years of bloody war
16:46to sanction Japanese war criminals
16:49and jeopardize China's basic interests in preventing the resurgence of Japanese fascist aggression
16:59Therefore, the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China
17:04absolutely refuses to recognize General MacArthur's unilateral order
17:10arbitrarily mandating the premature release of Japanese war criminals
17:24Dead to Rights
17:25Dead to Rights is a very famous film in China based on the Nanjing Massacre
17:31The story takes place during the horrific period
17:34The real-life figure it portrays is named Lu Jin
17:39He was just 15 years old
17:42and an apprentice
17:43at a photo studio
17:46in January 1938
17:47while developing two rolls of film
17:50brought in by Japanese officers
17:52he made a horrifying discovery
17:54The photos depicted scenes of Japanese soldiers massacring Chinese civilians
18:01raping women
18:03looting
18:04and committing other atrocities
18:07To preserve the evidence of these crimes
18:10he took an enormous risk
18:13He secretly developed dozens of extra copies of the photos
18:16and meticulously crafted a small album
18:20by hand
18:21using cardboard
18:24It was this very album
18:25which became the conclusive evidence used later
18:29to convict Japanese war criminals
18:32It enabled these butchers to finally begin facing justice
18:44While the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo
18:49was prosecuting Japanese war criminals
18:52the invaded countries also successfully established military tribunals
18:57to try Class B and C Japanese war criminals
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