- 13 hours ago
creator connect video:7iysusm
Category
🗞
NewsTranscript
00:00United Tamilakam is Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
00:02Both the places the Sangam literature were developed.
00:06Sangam literature basically is social literature.
00:09It is not a religious literature.
00:11It speaks about the people.
00:13We never seen or never examined historically or archaeologically in South India.
00:19That is why I always said that this came later from North to South.
00:24Certainly the digging of the Kielidia has revealed it
00:26and certainly proved there was urban settlement was also existed
00:33comparatively contemporary to the North also.
00:36Recent excavation at Tamil Nadu has given a date for iron is 3300 BC.
00:433300 BC iron was discovered in Tamil Nadu.
00:47Then why not urban can come to 800 BC?
00:50First time in India, 8 foot lengthy sphere is discovered.
00:55Then you see how the technology came to exist here.
01:00So Tamil Nadu might have originated in this southern part
01:04and slowly that script was transferred to all over India
01:08and using for all other languages.
01:11Why we are not seeing as a research?
01:13Why we are seeing as a politics?
01:15I don't have any answer for that.
01:17I don't have any answer for that.
01:47I'm going to ask you to ask a question.
01:52I'm going to ask you to ask you to ask us
02:15how the
02:27Thank you so much for joining us.
02:50First of all, I want to thank ASEANet Television for giving me the opportunity to talk about Kheeledi.
02:56This is the first time in Kerala I am talking about Kheeledi, particularly in televisions.
03:02I am proud of that.
03:04And we are also honored, sir.
03:06Yeah, actually Kheeledi discovered by our team.
03:10So the credit goes to team only.
03:12I am the head of the team.
03:14Our objective is to try to find out a habitation site in Tamil Nadu.
03:19You know very well, so many excavations are going on in all over India.
03:23Particularly in North India, huge sites were excavated.
03:27Particularly Indus, sites were identified and excavated.
03:31Then similarly in Ganjatic Valley also, like Mahajanavata sites were discovered and excavated and identified urban centers.
03:40But most of the scholars are believed that there is no urbanization was happened prior to 300 BC in South.
03:48They are believed that all sorts of urbanization and cultural transformation happened from North to South.
03:57But we said, we have not carried out any, investigated in detail.
04:04Without investigation, saying these things are useless and truthless.
04:10That is why we are initiated the work in 2013-14, trying to find out riverine-based archaeology in Tamil
04:19Nadu.
04:20So we identified the river Vaigai.
04:23In that Vaigai river only the Madurai was situated.
04:26You know very well, Sangam literature has flourished once upon a time.
04:30That was existed in the Madurai only.
04:34To identify the historical antiquity of Madurai as well as the historical antiquity of Sangam age,
04:41we decided to go for that project.
04:44And successfully has given a result for that project and we successfully come across.
04:49Sangam age, is there a scientific evidence that you can find out about excavations?
04:55Yes, yes, actually, till date Sangam age has been dated based on the literatures.
05:01You know very well, the United Tamil Nadu is Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
05:06Both the places the Sangam literature were developed.
05:09Sangam literature basically is a social literature.
05:12It is not a religious literature.
05:15It speaks about the people, their lifestyle, their culture, their polity, their trade activities and so many things.
05:23But we never seen the literature as a historical material.
05:28We just seen as a literary form only.
05:32The literature, based on the literature date of the historical period given from 300 BC to 300 AD,
05:39which is not scientifically dated for the Sangam period.
05:43We are having so many burial sites in southern India, particularly below in Vindiyas.
05:50That burial sites belongs to whom?
05:53In Tamil Nadu, you go wherever more than 7000 burial sites are available.
05:59Certainly, the burial sites were created was the Sangam age people only.
06:04But we never investigated that things.
06:07That is why our team has put the question before initiating the work.
06:11Try to find out who was the builder of that burial site.
06:16According to that, we moved and we find out that site, Kiledi.
06:20Kiledi is not only the site, so many habitations we find out in that Vaige River Basin.
06:25Among that habitation, only finally we come to the conclusion for the excavation at Kiledi.
06:32What is the importance of this Kiledi excavation site in particular?
06:37Now, Kiledi revealed that the second urbanization not only happened in North India, simultaneously it was emerged here also in
06:47its own cultural connectivities.
06:49That is the thing that has emphasized this excavations.
06:53We are always said, our historians are always said.
06:57It's simultaneously there?
06:59Simultaneously, yeah.
07:00That's very important, before or after.
07:03The reason behind is, first urbanization happened in Indian subcontinents, Indus, that is Harappan.
07:11Harappan was happened in 3000 BC, that is today's 5000 years before.
07:17Then, after the decline of Harappans, the second urbanization emerged only in North India.
07:23Everywhere, they have said, emerged in North India due to Mahajanapatas are came, and political setup has been came, and
07:32cities are developed, urban nature has came out.
07:36But we never seen or never examined historically or archeologically in South India.
07:42That is why I always said that this came later from North to South.
07:47But our team has denied, our team has put a question before that investigation, try to find first, try to
07:57find, identify, try to find, identify sites.
08:00Then, based on that site, we will go for the digging, and the digging can reveal something new.
08:06Certainly, the digging of the kilidia has revealed it, and certainly proved there was urban settlement was also existed.
08:14Comparatively, a contemporary to the North also.
08:19Harappan Mohanjadharo Nagarigadha, why did you have a place in India for the next few years?
08:25No, I am not telling there, this is related to Indus, this is after Indus, Indus is the first urbanization
08:34in India.
08:35Second urbanization in India has happened, not only in North India, it happened in South also, proved by the kilidhi.
08:41Okay, then in terms of the irrigation systems and the language development and technology, how civilized was life there?
08:53Actually, based on the excavation only, we are seeing this is the urban centers.
08:58Generally, urban can be classified based on the brick structural activities.
09:03Wherever you are going to dig, in North, you can get brick structural activities, but in South, the ecological system
09:11is different.
09:12Here, there is no need of any brick structures, but however, brick structures came to exist here, but we have
09:18not thoroughly found.
09:20In Arikaya Mood also, we found some brick structures, but that has not been properly dated.
09:26Similarly, in Kaveri Pumbatinam also, excavation carried out by our culture of India, there are so many structural activities also
09:34found, but it does not look like a united, a full-fledged habitation mount.
09:40Wherever they found small villages, they excavated, they connected that sites into Kaveri Pumbatinam.
09:46Due to that only, we have decided, try to find out a habitation site to understand the urban nature.
09:54So, here, we found large number of brick structures in so many varieties, so many facial features also found.
10:03The ring well also found.
10:05The ring well is generally used by the urban nature people only.
10:09Urban people like to get everything from very close to their living places.
10:16That is why they made the ring wells.
10:18The ring well means nowadays, well, it is very close to the settlement.
10:22As well as the three type of drainage system also we come across.
10:26One is close drainage, open drainage and terracotta drainage pipe.
10:30Not only distillation pattern also found during our excavation.
10:34So, what they distilled, I do not know.
10:35I have not examined through residual analysis, but some kind of thing has been, they are distillated something.
10:46As well as we found enormous number of pots, beautiful pots, storage jars, whatever required for the urban nature.
10:55It has found as well as the material found like sophisticated materials like ivory combs, ivory dyes and carnelian beads.
11:06Carnelian basically, there is no source for South India.
11:10Carnelian has to come from Gujarat only.
11:13So, they collected the material from Gujarat and they used here.
11:18So, that evidence shows?
11:19That gives the trade contacts.
11:20Trade contacts between North India and South India.
11:23Trade contacts North and South as well as with the Western world.
11:26Okay.
11:26So many materials revealed that the urban nature, that is why we are calling it as urban site.
11:33About the technology and the industrial activities.
11:35Yes.
11:36Actually, not only this is the habitation site, this is the industrial site also.
11:41There we found furnace.
11:42Particularly, I want to say the double layer furnace.
11:45Double layer furnace means like a thermos.
11:47How the thermos is keeping the heat safe?
11:50Similarly, the double layer furnace also found in that key lady.
11:53But what purpose the furnace is not able to trace out due to we did not get any raw material
12:03as well as any wastage material in the furnace, nearby furnace.
12:06That is why maybe we probably we assumed this furnace created for making dye, making dye for
12:15the clothes, color for the clothes.
12:18So, that purpose it was created.
12:20So, textile industry.
12:21Textile industry was there.
12:23About the metals used in those.
12:24Yes, metal.
12:25So, we are get collected, copper metal as well as iron metal also.
12:31Everything, everything is available there in the key lady.
12:34But one thing I want to say here, most of the materials recovered from the key lady is
12:40which is not finished goods.
12:42What is the importance of this evidence showing that around 300 B.C.
12:48these metals like iron and steel are used?
12:51Now, we are calling it is not 300 B.C.
12:54Now, we are first time we are dated the site from 800 B.C.
12:59800 B.C.
13:00Actually, maybe our Sangami starts from that period onwards.
13:05Always in South India particularly, we always maximum excavated burial site.
13:10We never seen who was the builder of that burial.
13:15But first time we are correlating the burial site with habitation.
13:19We identified an burial very close to that facility also.
13:24Now, Tamil Nadu government is doing the excavations there.
13:26In that excavations, the megalithic people nothing but their Sangam peoples.
13:33They emerged slowly from megalithic to Sangam age context.
13:38In 800 B.C., the period has started.
13:42During that period, they are in a primitive stage of habitations.
13:49Like perishable material, the habitation was constructed.
13:52Large number of black and red were potteries were found.
13:55The potteries were typologically analyzed with the burial sites of Adichanalur, Tikalupati,
14:02Alagankulam, as well as Korkai.
14:04They are same in nature.
14:06According to that typological framework as well as the stratigraphical framework,
14:15the site of Kiladi started from 800 B.C. to 500 B.C. in the first stage.
14:20And then it got matured level.
14:22And that matured period became an urban.
14:26So, urban cannot become within a day.
14:30Urban requires time to become urban center.
14:34So, similarly, in Kiladi also, the urban was started 500 B.C. onwards.
14:41So, before that, there was a stage.
14:43That phase is called the early phase.
14:45That has been classified based on that only now we are saying Sangam age may be go up to 800
14:51B.C.
14:52Then about the metals discovered.
14:55Yeah, metals.
14:56We enormous metal we are discovered particularly iron.
14:59Iron was discovered.
15:01Iron copper was also discovered.
15:03In iron, so many defensive and offensive purpose materials we discovered.
15:09As well as in copper metal also we discovered in this excavations.
15:15You know, recent excavation at Tamil Nadu has given a date for iron is 3300 B.C.
15:233300 B.C. iron was discovered in Tamil Nadu.
15:26Then why not urban can come to 800 B.C.
15:30So, that way now the research is going on.
15:34Now we are relating the sites.
15:35So, 800 B.C.
15:36Yeah.
15:38That is chance is there.
15:40Chance is there.
15:41Chance is there.
15:42That has to be need, that has to be done through further researches.
15:47Further excavations.
15:48Yes.
15:49So, now also the excavations are continuing.
15:51Now also it is continuing not only at Kiledi.
15:54So many places Tamil Nadu government is doing now.
15:56They are now near the near western garden near Thirmalapuram they discovered eight feet long spear.
16:05The reason yesterday it came on the news on times of India.
16:09Eight feet long.
16:11This is the first time in all over India.
16:13This much of iron, iron spear was discovered.
16:17First time in India eight foot lengthy spear is discovered.
16:22Then you see how the technology came to exist here.
16:26What we are thinking the technology of iron smolting came from Asia miner has been changed the recent excavations.
16:35The new discoveries are changing the new things and new idea about the historical perspective and research.
16:42So, this kind of, this kind of research is essentially needed in South India.
16:47It was not happened so long.
16:49If you were here settlements and excavations, what is your lifestyle?
16:58Yes.
16:59I am telling you they are lived in sophisticated life.
17:02The life not achieved easily.
17:04In the early stage they are transformed from the megalithic period slowly and steadily.
17:13And after that the agricultural revolution has been happened.
17:16The agricultural revolution has paved the way for, paved the way for the development of urbanization.
17:23Based on the agricultural surplus that has become a trade good for trading activities, increasing of trading activities.
17:31From that trade activity, all materials and all, whatever needed things are been brought by the people and they lived
17:40sophisticatedly.
17:41Sir, the answer is that we are rich.
17:44We are rich.
17:45We are rich.
17:46Yes.
17:46About the food habits.
17:48Actually, they are both vegetarian and non-vegetarian.
17:51We are, we are getting so much of animal bones with Kathmas.
17:55That was examined in Deccan College, Pune.
17:58They told they are used non-vegetarian.
18:01They are used non-vegetarian as their food habit.
18:04And then agricultural food, rice is the main component, food habits as well as they used palm also.
18:10Palm also they used, we are getting so much of bones like bull, cow as well as deer and dog.
18:18And so peacock and so much animal bones are, we are collected in that excavation.
18:24All type of non-veget food.
18:26They have, they have taken all the time.
18:27Including beef.
18:27Including, yes.
18:28Yes.
18:29They have taken everything.
18:31That is, that read, that, in our excavation we have not studied properly.
18:36What are the food habits?
18:38Now they are studying.
18:39Now the residue analysis are doing by other institution through Tamil Nadu state archaeology.
18:45Certainly future research can give more clue about the food habits.
18:51What are the foods they have taken.
18:53Particularly we can say as of, as of now we can say they are used both.
18:58Vegetarian and non-vegetarian food they used in their food habits.
19:03So the main cereal is rice.
19:05Yes.
19:06Yes, cereal is rice.
19:07Rice.
19:07Then any residue for coconut, any evidence?
19:12Actually, yeah.
19:12There is a palm variety also there, coconut variety also found there.
19:16Yeah.
19:17So we believe that coconut arrived from Sri Lanka.
19:19Coconut actually, basically we are thinking coconut arrived from Sri Lanka.
19:23Naturally that time it came.
19:24Yeah.
19:25Then about the, there any religious practice?
19:27But there is no coconut evidence found in our excavations.
19:30We found this evidence of palm.
19:33Ah.
19:34Palm evidence is enormous.
19:35We found a large number of palm varieties that was analyzed with Pondicherry French Institute.
19:42They confirmed palm was planted here and palm was utilized by the people.
19:46The old these will rewrite our history.
19:48Sure.
19:49Actually this is the, this is the first kind in South India.
19:53Ah, the reason behind is here the excavations are very limited in South India.
19:57Ah.
19:58We are concentrated only for Rangarjurakunda excavations, one of the largest excavations.
20:02Another one is Hampi.
20:03Besides every excavations are very small in nature.
20:06I mean go and compare Patnam also.
20:08Patnam also in small scale excavations.
20:10Here there is no space to do the excavations.
20:13But in Tamil Nadu now we are identifying the habitation mounds.
20:18So that needs to be excavated future.
20:21And so that can give new, new set of cultural evidences for the reconstruction of the historical
20:30past of the Tamil Nadu.
20:31Not particularly, not Tamil Nadu.
20:33Particularly South Indian context.
20:35Ah.
20:35Is there any religious practices then?
20:38No, that time there is no major religions.
20:41The major religions are came to exist only 6th century AD onwards.
20:48Is it Buddha?
20:49That time, that time they worshipped the nature.
20:53Nature.
20:53Nature worship was existed and mother goddess worship was existed as well as the worship
20:58of the burial.
21:00Worship of the ancestral, ancestral worship was prevailed.
21:05That is why they created such a burials.
21:07Kerala archaeologist also saying that here also.
21:10Yes, actually we believed the ancestral burials.
21:13South India we believed the ancestral burials.
21:16That is why we created the huge burial sites.
21:19Burial sites are preserved properly.
21:21They selected the site which is not usable for any purpose.
21:25That site was selected and they buried the death rituals.
21:30They made the rituals also there.
21:32That is why our ancestors followed the burial as a ritual system as well as mother goddess as
21:40the ritual system and nature as the ritual system.
21:42Later on only the religion came to exist in South India.
21:47Only from 6th century CE onwards the religion came to exist.
21:52Before that there is no evidences still did found in excavations.
21:59No, actually there is nothing was found regarding that classification of caste and everything.
22:05The people are lived uniformly and here the burial custom also revealed such things.
22:14For 5 habitation sites one burial was a common burial was existed.
22:18During our exploration we identified 5 habitations around 5 habitations.
22:24One common burial was used.
22:26There is no separate burial for each and every people or community there.
22:32So all were equal then?
22:33All are equal.
22:34All are equal.
22:35That is that kind of information getting from that excavations.
22:38About the academic, especially scientific knowledge then mathematics and astronomy.
22:45No, that and then now we are in preliminary stage.
22:49Further excavations can certainly reveal what are the knowledge we have acquired through this.
22:56And now continuously the Tamil Nadu government is doing the work.
23:00From that report we can get it in future.
23:05Usually Kerala history says that about the legacy of Madhava, Kerala school of mathematics.
23:12So any sign of this linking between…
23:16No, actually we have to find and that needs time to check.
23:20That needs time.
23:22Everything has developed to here only.
23:25We are not get everything from outside.
23:28Everything has developed from here only.
23:30Here we are having a dice.
23:32Dice is having the uniqueness.
23:34Dice having the 10, cubical dice having a 10.
23:38That reference is available in Sangam literature also.
23:4210 number can available.
23:44So the number system are used by them.
23:47And the number system is used by them.
23:49System.
23:49Yeah, number system.
23:51Their number system is not given number form.
23:53They are given in their symbolic form.
23:56Symbolic form the numbers are given.
23:57Mathematics and astronomy.
24:00Yes.
24:01Astronomy I can't say at this stage.
24:03At this stage I can't stay.
24:05But might have.
24:06Might have they use that.
24:08About the scientific methods you use to calculate the dates of this.
24:13Basically here we are basically adapting in all over excavation site is AMS date.
24:19Accelerated mass, mass spectrometry is the AMS date.
24:23That is related to carbon 14 method.
24:26Carbon dating is accurate date.
24:27That is using by ASI as well as state archaeology also.
24:32Based on that only the site was stated.
24:34Now the 3300 BC of iron also dated based on the AMS only.
24:39Optical stimulated lumination method also used for dating.
24:44So many methods we are using like dendroconology also using.
24:49And thermolumination also using.
24:51Thermolumination used for measuring the pottery.
24:55When the pottery was heated.
24:57From mud clay to how it was heated and when it was heated that can be dated.
25:02So now scientific way of dating techniques are using by archaeological field.
25:09Archaeology is a multidisciplinary subject.
25:12It will not work without other support.
25:16Archaeological finding needs to be correlated with the scientific date.
25:20Then only we can able to reconstruct the accurate date of the site.
25:24If bodies in the remains.
25:25Yeah bodies they are collecting DNA also now.
25:28Now they are collecting DNA.
25:30From the DNA they are finding the markers.
25:34Which markers they are being.
25:36Recently Tamil Nadu state archaeology reconstructed the facial feature of the keyledi buried site.
25:42Kondagai site.
25:44That is the burial site of the keyledi.
25:46There they reconstructed the facial reconstructions.
25:50Are they the first speciality?
25:54Actually they are basically look like South Indians.
25:58South Indians.
25:59Yes.
25:59Their height?
26:00Their height has not been taken.
26:02Their height they are reconstructing now.
26:04They just reconstructed only the facial appearance.
26:08So round face?
26:09Yes round face.
26:10That is particularly Dribudian face.
26:12Look like Dribudian face.
26:14Now the excavations are not taken from the excavation.
26:23The excavations are not taken from the moment.
26:28Actually this is the wonderful excavations.
26:31I think ASI has discovered the site.
26:35But unfortunately ASI lived the place.
26:37That created the issues.
26:40After that as per the direction of the Honorable court, high court of Madurai Benjanch of Madras High Court.
26:46That is Tamil Nadu state government is now doing the excavations.
26:50They are doing wonderful excavations.
26:52Now they are completed the 10th season's excavation also.
26:57So this is 110 acres.
27:00The amount of archaeological amount of kilid is 110 acres.
27:05Our self ASI as well as state archaeology both are conducted maximum 5 to 10% of the area only.
27:13That 5 to 10% of the area gives such a clues about our ancient past.
27:19So my request is try to go further more.
27:23Then we can able to find out so many things.
27:27Then that things can give a new way for our historical approach also.
27:34That moment, our emotion in there.
27:38Actually I am an archaeologist.
27:40I don't have any emotions.
27:42Our emotions.
27:43But you are from South India.
27:44Actually I am South Indian.
27:45But our objective is try to find out the habitation site we found.
27:52Purely signed.
27:52Purely signed.
27:52Very happy.
27:54We always excavated burial sites in all over Tamil Nadu.
27:59But our team worked with objective to try to find out the habitation site.
28:04We luckily found a pure habitation site near Madurai.
28:09That habitation site is a good moment for us and given a cherished moment.
28:14And only that moment also came in the second season of excavation.
28:19I did second season.
28:21That time we discovered wonderful structures than the first year.
28:26But unfortunately I was transferred in the third season.
28:34How?
28:37How?
28:40How?
28:45Actually, yeah, yeah.
28:46Similarly, that was the last hundred years we are studying the Harappan civilizations in our textbooks.
28:53Similarly, it will go.
28:55It will go for the future generations.
28:57I am saying not only the Vaige civilization, I can say the Piriyar civilization of the Kerala also.
29:04Both the rivers Vaige and Piriyar originates from western guards near Vellimalai.
29:10One is flowing to western side and confluence at Arabian Sea.
29:15Another one is originated from the Vellimalai and confluence at Bayab Bengal at Atrankarai.
29:21Here in Kerala they discovered Patnam, excellent site, that is called Musuris.
29:29You know one of the important port town, it had the contacts with western world.
29:36That port town was Sangamech port town.
29:41So Sangamech port town's capital was Madurai, Pandya's.
29:46This is the Chera's area, this is Pandya's area, but they are interlinked with them.
29:53And similar to Pandya's area, we have found a Kilidi site.
29:58Many sites are there in South India, particularly Tamil Nadu and Kerala as well as Andhra and Karnataka.
30:05That needed more attention.
30:07Due to now urbanization is due to urbanization, most of the sites are disappearing.
30:13The sites are become a real estate now.
30:19So try to find out some of the sites all over South India and identified how the second urbanization was
30:26emerged here like Kilidi.
30:28Now we don't have a Kilidi excavations.
30:31One point is that ASI, PINMAR,
30:34it's a very rigorous site to Tamil Nadu state government.
30:38Now we have to find excavations here in Kerala.
30:43Now I request the government of Kerala also to try to initiate like similarly in Tamil Nadu.
30:50Tamil Nadu has initiated after the realization of Kilidi.
30:55They realized Kerala is important.
30:57That is why they are initiated the work and so many excavations now going on.
31:02I request Kerala government also try to initiate similar nature so we can try to find some of the important
31:10sites.
31:10So that can give new venue for the historical studies.
31:15We have to find the presence of Tamil Brahmi inscriptions.
31:22Yes.
31:22What is the intention of Tamil Nadu?
31:26What is Tamil Nadu?
31:27Naturally, what we are calling the...
31:30Is Tamil the ancient language or this?
31:32No, I am saying actually during the Indus, the scholars are believing Indus are Proto-Drividian.
31:41Yes.
31:41From Proto-Drividian to Tamil and all other South Indian language, not only South Indian language,
31:47North Indian Drividian language also developed.
31:49That was the truth.
31:52But what Proto-Drividian we don't know.
31:55But that was used in the Indus civilizations.
31:59Similarly, after decline of the Indus civilization, the people migrated not only South, they migrated all over India.
32:06They are living now, still did.
32:08Most of the...
32:09Actually, now genetically we are speaking, 80% of the population belongs to the Indus only.
32:17We are having the genealogy of Indus.
32:19So, we slowly carried out and we have developed our own language here.
32:25So, here in this part, Tamil has become a more popular as well as ancient language.
32:31We are saying based on the evidence only.
32:34Now, what we assumed that script of the Brahmi developed in North, in Ashokan period and that was taken by
32:44us and used...
32:45used to... for our writing by... taught by our forefathers and scholars.
32:52Now, the recent research are changing that idea.
32:55That the script developed here only.
32:58In South India, particularly Tamil Nadu, the script has got developed.
33:02Here, we are getting graffitis also in wherever you go and dig...
33:06In the article side, you can get graffitis.
33:09From graffitis, it was evolved as a script and used by the commoners.
33:13Basically, here we are getting in the form of common usage.
33:17But Ashokan script is the royal usage.
33:20Yeah.
33:20That form of royal edicts and pillar edicts and rock edicts that was created in a developed form.
33:26Here, we are in a primitive form used by the commoners.
33:30They just written...
33:31A little over in literature.
33:33They just written...
33:33They are written in their... their names in the portraits.
33:37We are in... in total, say, 1672 portraits... inscribed portraits available in Tamil Nadu.
33:44After that, they used in the rock... Jain rock beds the same letter for using Tamil.
33:53That letter has transformed to a Shogun period.
33:57That is why we are saying more than 600 BC it will go.
34:01So, the letters of the Tamil, Brahmi originated from here.
34:06Now, we are saying don't call it as a Brahmi and call it as a Tamil.
34:10So, Tamil might have originated in the... in this southern part.
34:16And slowly, that script was transferred to all over India and using for all other languages.
34:21Now, what do we do?
34:24Everyone has education.
34:25Everyone has normal living standards.
34:28Yes.
34:29That time, it was achieved.
34:31The commoners known the language system.
34:34So, that indicates the system of learning...
34:39Everyone has known to all.
34:41The system of learning, known to all.
34:43But in few... later on, it was changed.
34:46Maybe due to caste hierarchy.
34:47That is due to the influence of Aryan concept here.
34:52Yes.
34:52Tamil Nadu...
34:53Now, we are saying that Gujarat has a great evidence of trade.
34:58Now, we have a great evidence of trade.
35:01Yes.
35:02Actually, I am not saying we are having a connected with Gujarat.
35:07The material we are getting, that's why we are saying.
35:10Lapis Lojili came from Afghanistan.
35:12Rawlat and Patry came from Rome.
35:14Roman trade also existed.
35:16And here from the conch, actually, shell bangles went to north.
35:23Mm-hmm.
35:24Shell was... shell conch...
35:27The conch was found in the...
35:28Our Manar region has been taken for bangles.
35:33Creating for bangles that...
35:34Bangles has been exported from here.
35:37So, interchanging activities were happened all over India as well as in the external world.
35:43That is why the city was flourished here.
35:45The excavations are all over India.
35:49The excavations are all over India.
36:02We have all the things that are being opened.
36:06We have all the things that are being opened.
36:14Yes.
36:20She is saying that it is a story of science and institutions and resistance.
36:27Yes, yes, this is a story.
36:29She has written excellently, she has written her book.
36:34She has spoken with me several times and she recorded so many things and has documented
36:39in her book, well-crafted book, I can say.
36:42My suggestion is try to see research as a scientific research, not a politics, but we are seeing
36:49also politics.
36:50I am saying try to see as a research, new evidences can change, generally new evidences can change
36:59the attitude of the approach.
37:02So similarly it has been changed here now, why we are not seeing as a research, why we
37:07are seeing as a politics, I don't have any answer for that.
37:15Yes, that has to be accepted.
37:19Actually, the more maximum excavations are conducted in North India.
37:23Now onwards only we are initiated the work late 90s.
37:27only we are initiated the work late 21st century, only we are initiated the works.
37:34Now we are getting so many evidence, so the evidences are now speaking about the cultural pride
37:40of South India.
37:52Yes.
37:55Yes.
37:56Actually, without knowing historical past, how can you go forward?
38:01Where we are from?
38:03How these languages came?
38:05How it was existing?
38:07How long it is existing?
38:08How this culture has given the contribution to the societies?
38:15Actually, Tanjavur temple has not been constructed within a day or years.
38:23The technology came such a long period.
38:26That is why such a behuj temple was constructed in 10th century AD.
38:31Now we have to learn about science and technology.
38:34What did we learn about history?
38:36What did we learn about archaeology?
38:38No, actually…
38:47Most of the people are feeling history is a boring subject.
38:52I say that is not.
38:54All human beings need history.
38:56Without historical past, you can't go forward.
39:00So history is a must.
39:01I am saying at least some of them take interest, come to study and do research.
39:07That also through scientific manner.
39:11If you are going to do scientific manner, history also visualized based on science.
39:17That things needed to be in our generation.
39:22So our generation, I am hoping that generation will come and take as a subject and they can do something
39:30in this subject also.
39:31Do you think about the whole South India, Tamil people?
39:40Do you think about the whole South India?
39:40Do you think about Tamil people?
39:43Do you think about Kerala's work?
39:45Do you think about Kerala's work?
39:46Do you think about Kerala's work?
39:46Yes.
39:47Actually, my request to the Kerala government is to try to initiate the studies, improving the studies in archaeological-based
39:54history in Kerala also.
39:56That can pave new way to the study of history also.
40:00Thank you very much, sir, for finding time to attend the Science Talk.
40:05Thank you very much.
40:06Actually, I thank your Asian Art Television has given me the good opportunity to talk first time in Kerala.
40:12I feel proud.
40:14Thank you very much.
40:15This is Science Talk.
40:16Until next time, keep asking questions, staying curious and building a better tomorrow.
40:45Thank you very much.
40:46Thank you very much.
40:52Thank you very much.
40:53You
Comments