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Scopri la straordinaria vita e le incredibili opere di Leonardo da Vinci, il genio universale del Rinascimento italiano. Questo documentario completo esplora in profondità il viaggio di Leonardo, dall'infanzia nella cittadina di Vinci fino a diventare uno dei più grandi artisti, inventori e scienziati di tutti i tempi.
Esploriamo i suoi capolavori immortali come la Gioconda e l'Ultima Cena, ma anche le sue invenzioni rivoluzionarie, dai disegni di macchine volanti agli studi anatomici. Leonardo da Vinci ha cambiato per sempre il corso dell'arte e della scienza, e questo documentario ti porterà alla scoperta delle sue innovazioni ingegneristiche, scoperte scientifiche e dei misteriosi codici che ha lasciato in eredità.
🔴 Non perdere l'occasione di approfondire la vita del più grande genio della storia! Guarda ora il documentario su Leonardo da Vinci e immergiti nel mondo del Rinascimento.
#cinematography #film #films #movie #movies
Esploriamo i suoi capolavori immortali come la Gioconda e l'Ultima Cena, ma anche le sue invenzioni rivoluzionarie, dai disegni di macchine volanti agli studi anatomici. Leonardo da Vinci ha cambiato per sempre il corso dell'arte e della scienza, e questo documentario ti porterà alla scoperta delle sue innovazioni ingegneristiche, scoperte scientifiche e dei misteriosi codici che ha lasciato in eredità.
🔴 Non perdere l'occasione di approfondire la vita del più grande genio della storia! Guarda ora il documentario su Leonardo da Vinci e immergiti nel mondo del Rinascimento.
#cinematography #film #films #movie #movies
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00:00You probably know Leonardo da Vinci as a Renaissance artist.
00:05He painted what is surely the most famous portrait in the world,
00:10the Mona Lisa,
00:12as well as having created the Last Supper and the Vitruvian Man.
00:16But he was much more than one of the world's greatest artists.
00:21Leonardo da Vinci was an anatomist who drew and catalogued the entire human body.
00:26He was an architect who designed large cities and buildings
00:29which were revolutionary for their time.
00:33He was an astronomer who studied the night sky and created designs for one of the first telescopes.
00:39He was a botanist who examined and documented plants.
00:42A cartographer who created some of the first contemporary maps.
00:47An engineer who designed countless amazing machines and structures.
00:52A geologist who studied the Earth, discovering and theorizing about the origins of fossils.
00:58He was a hydrodynamicist, dedicated to understanding the forces and flows of fluids.
01:05A mathematician who incorporated his calculations into the core of his art.
01:10He was a musician who played and taught instruments, even designing several of them.
01:16He was a theatre producer who created immersive sets and props
01:21which left the audience speechless.
01:25He was a scientist who theorized, tested, and discovered many new and revolutionary ideas.
01:32He was an inventor who pushed the boundaries of what was technologically possible at the time.
01:39And he did all this more than 500 years ago.
01:43In this video we will take a look at the wonderful life of Leonardo da Vinci
01:50exploring his extraordinary creations and ideas
01:54and asking ourselves the question
01:57How did Leonardo da Vinci change the world?
02:02This story begins in the year 1452, on April 15th at 10:30 PM.
02:28On the outskirts of Florence, Italy, in a small village called Vinci
02:33a boy named Leonardo was born.
02:37His father, Ser Piero da Vinci, was a wealthy Florentine notary
02:41and his mother, a 14-year-old peasant girl named Caterina.
02:46His parents were not married, making Leonardo an illegitimate child.
02:51Leonardo did not have a surname in the modern sense.
02:55Da Vinci defines the city where he was born.
02:58He received no formal school education.
03:01but the basics of reading, writing and mathematics
03:05they were taught to him by tutors.
03:07It is said that as a child he had difficulty reading.
03:10He often got distracted, abandoning his homework for the latest thing that caught his attention.
03:16Leonardo's grandfather and uncle Francesco
03:19they saw how Leonardo struggled to concentrate
03:21but instead of punishing him they encouraged his curious mind
03:25and his power of observation to thrive
03:28sending the boy into the fields and vineyards surrounding their home
03:32to study lizards, fireflies, wildlife, and plants.
03:37It is believed that this is the stage where we see this curious mind
03:41and his power of observation develop
03:43later becoming the driving force behind many of the great discoveries and inventions
03:48by Leonardo da Vinci.
03:58Around 1464 Leonardo moved from the small town of Vinci
04:03where he was born in Florence with his father.
04:07If he had been a legitimate son
04:09Leonardo should have become a notary just like his father
04:12but luckily for us
04:14due to its illegitimacy
04:16he was free to pursue any career his heart desired.
04:22During this period he began to show a real talent for art.
04:26Leonardo made many drawings and sketches during his childhood.
04:29and his father was so impressed by Leonardo's talent
04:32who brought a portfolio of his son's works to a family friend
04:36Andrea del Verrocchio
04:38who ran one of the most famous art shops in all of Florence.
04:42When Verrocchio saw Leonardo's work he was amazed.
04:47Not bad, are they your son's?
04:50Eh I'll take it yes, where is this young man?
04:52He's out here waiting!
04:54Leonardo!
04:55And he pushed his father to ensure that Leonardo devoted himself to the arts.
05:01About four years later, in 1468,
05:05Leonardo da Vinci became an apprentice in Verrocchio's studio
05:08working and studying alongside some of the finest Florentine artists of the time.
05:14It is important to understand that in that period and in that place in history
05:19Florence was at the centre of an intellectual and artistic revolution
05:22largely made possible by the ruling Medici clan,
05:26the House of Medici,
05:27which was a banking and political dynasty
05:29who had great control and influence over Florence
05:32throughout this period.
05:34In fact, many historians theorize that without the patronage of the Medici
05:39the Renaissance would never have begun in Florence.
05:43They helped create a political and cultural environment
05:46where artists such as Leonardo, Botticelli and Michelangelo
05:50could reach their full potential.
05:54During Leonardo da Vinci's apprenticeship
05:57studied much of Verrocchio's work
05:59and helped complete many works of art.
06:02Leonardo is also thought to have posed for numerous statues
06:05created by Verrocchio,
06:06including a bronze statue of David.
06:10In Verrocchio's workshop
06:12apprentices were encouraged to study
06:14both theoretical and technical skills
06:17necessary to produce art at the time.
06:20We went from chemistry
06:21to metalworking
06:23to the fusion of the plaster
06:24to leather processing
06:26to mechanics
06:27to woodworking
06:29up to drawing, painting, sculpture
06:31and modeling.
06:34Much of the work done in Verrocchio's workshop
06:36It was completed as a collaborative effort
06:39with artists and apprentices
06:40who all collaborated.
06:42A great example of this
06:43it's the painting
06:44The Baptism of Christ.
06:47Much of this painting
06:48it is attributed to Verrocchio himself
06:50with Leonardo da Vinci
06:51who painted the angel on the left
06:53and part of the background.
06:55Many believe that Leonardo's angel
06:57totally eclipse the rest
06:59of Verrocchio's works
07:00A hundred times more!
07:01Come on, girls!
07:04In terms of realism and technique.
07:08That piscaro is right.
07:11Go up!
07:11Work, work!
07:12In 1472, at the age of 20
07:23Leonardo began to paint
07:25the Annunciation
07:26which is thought to be his first solo painting.
07:30It took three years to complete
07:32and despite some imperfect prospects
07:35you can see the magic
07:36and Leonardo's pure skill emerges.
07:38Around 1473
07:42Leonardo da Vinci
07:43became a member
07:44of the Painters' Guild.
07:46Despite his father
07:47had generously offered
07:48to open his own shop
07:50Leonardo remained close to Verrocchio
07:52continuing to collaborate
07:53and live with him
07:54for many years to come.
07:57The minutes of the Court of 1476
08:00show that Leonardo
08:02and three other young people
08:03they were accused of sodomy
08:05and of an accident
08:06involving a known male prostitute.
08:08The charges were later dropped.
08:10for lack of evidence
08:11but there has been much speculation
08:13on the fact that
08:14as one of the accused men
08:16Leonardo Tornabuoni
08:17he was related to Lorenzo De Medici
08:19the ruler of Florence at the time
08:22the Medici family
08:23used his influence
08:25and his power
08:25to get the archive
08:27of the accusations
08:28against the four men.
08:30From what we know now
08:31many biographers of Leonardo
08:32they think he was gay.
08:34There is no evidence
08:35that I have ever had
08:36a sexual relationship with a woman.
08:38while he certainly had
08:39close relationships
08:40with two of his male assistants
08:42over the years
08:43Salai and Melzi.
08:46This
08:47plus the charge of sodomy
08:48with a male prostitute
08:49led to the conclusion
08:51that Leonardo da Vinci
08:52he was gay.
08:54Even if this remains
08:55a speculation anyway.
08:56in 1478
09:07Leonardo finished a painting
09:09by Ginevra De Benci
09:10daughter of a wealthy Florentine merchant.
09:13This painting
09:14is currently hosted
09:15from the National Gallery of Art
09:16from Washington DC
09:17and it is the only painting
09:19by Leonardo da Vinci
09:20exposed to the public
09:21in the Americas.
09:22In the same year
09:231478
09:25Leonardo began to receive
09:27his first independent commissions
09:29an indication
09:30who was no longer working
09:31for the study of Verrocchio.
09:33Leonardo
09:34he was not a prolific painter
09:36since it was busy
09:37a long time
09:37to complete
09:38a single painting.
09:40Only 24 paintings
09:41finished or unfinished
09:43by Leonardo da Vinci
09:44they are still around
09:45and we can see them today.
09:48But it must be said
09:49who was an annotator
09:50incredibly prolific
09:52churning out over 13,000 pages
09:54of notes and drawings
09:56throughout his life.
09:58About 7,000 of those pages
09:59still survive today
10:01with writing
10:02and the drawings
10:02of the author
10:03on display.
10:05A fascinating thing
10:06of Leonardo's notebooks
10:07is that almost everyone
10:08his writings
10:09they are in mirror writing.
10:12He wrote from right to left
10:13rather than
10:14from left to right.
10:16To a normal eye
10:17it almost seems like
10:17a kind of code
10:18but it is perfectly readable
10:20if seen through
10:21a mirror.
10:23Some believe
10:24that he did it
10:25to keep secret
10:26his work
10:27but as soon as
10:28you realize
10:29that was written
10:29on the contrary
10:30it's easy to understand
10:31and read.
10:32There is an explanation
10:33simpler.
10:35Leonardo da Vinci
10:36he was left-handed
10:37and in those times
10:38the ink used
10:38he was drooling
10:39very easily.
10:41So
10:41to avoid
10:42to stain
10:42constantly
10:43his work
10:43Leonardo conceived
10:45a way of writing
10:46in mirror writing.
10:48He wrote like this
10:49only in his notebooks
10:50personal
10:50when he wrote
10:51something to read
10:52to other people
10:53like a letter
10:55he wrote normally
10:56from left to right
10:57and it was perfectly
10:58readable.
11:00His huge collection
11:01of notes
11:02contributed
11:03to form
11:03most of it
11:04of what we now know
11:05and we understand
11:06by Leonardo da Vinci
11:07and many of these
11:09collections of notes
11:10have become
11:11precious and famous
11:12as much as his paintings.
11:14Leonardo
11:19rarely
11:20he wrote about himself
11:21or of his life
11:21staff
11:22in his notebooks
11:23but on the few occasions
11:25in which he did it
11:26revealed a lot about him.
11:28Some
11:29they think that
11:29when he had
11:30about 28
11:31or 30 years
11:32suffered
11:32of depression.
11:34On one page
11:35of his little notebook
11:36which includes
11:37a drawing
11:37of a clock
11:38water
11:38and a sundial
11:39he writes
11:40we don't miss them
11:42devices
11:42to measure
11:43these days of ours
11:44miserable
11:44where it should be
11:46our pleasure
11:47that they don't come
11:47wasted
11:48without leaving
11:49no memory
11:49of ourselves
11:50in the mind
11:51of men.
11:52And on another page
11:53instead he writes
11:54while I was thinking
11:55to learn to live
11:56I was learning to die.
12:00We like to believe
12:01that great people
12:02of history
12:03people who have
12:04changed the world
12:05and they had
12:05an impact
12:06on our lives
12:06are different from us
12:08almost as if
12:09they did not suffer
12:10of the same problems
12:11that we have
12:12but it's not like that
12:13Leonardo da Vinci
12:15he is one of the artists
12:17most celebrated
12:17to the world
12:18someone who created
12:20one of the works
12:20most famous art works
12:21of human history
12:22and left
12:23behind him
12:23a legacy
12:24of innovation
12:25and scientific discovery
12:27from which still today
12:28let's learn
12:28and we admire
12:29nevertheless
12:30Despite
12:31such results
12:33and such talent
12:34Leonardo has however
12:35fought
12:36with the same
12:37emotional problems
12:37and distinctly
12:39humans
12:39that we face
12:41he questioned
12:43the meaning
12:44of his life
12:44and sometimes he fought
12:46to find a place
12:46in the world
12:47he was human
12:48and tried everything
12:50the emotions
12:50that we try
12:52us too
12:52in 1481
13:04Leonardo received
13:05the assignment
13:06to paint
13:06the adoration
13:07of the Magi
13:08from the monks
13:08Augustinians
13:09of the church
13:10of San Donato
13:11in Scopeto
13:11Unfortunately
13:13would never have
13:14completed
13:14this painting
13:15leaving it unfinished
13:16when he left Florence
13:17a year later
13:18fail to complete
13:20the commissioned works of art
13:21she became a villain
13:23habit for Leonardo
13:24and it was something
13:25for which he earned
13:26a bad reputation
13:28in the same year
13:311481
13:32Leonardo
13:33he wrote a letter
13:34to the Duke of Milan
13:35Ludovico Sforza
13:36it's a strange letter
13:38barely mentions
13:39his artistic abilities
13:41focusing instead
13:42on his ideas
13:43and military projects
13:45something in which
13:46Leonardo
13:46he had no experience
13:48at the time
13:48he wrote about how
13:49could produce
13:50light bridges
13:51and portable
13:52perfect for battle
13:53I have a way to manufacture
13:55very light bridges
13:56and strong
13:57transportable
13:58very easily
13:59to chase
14:00the enemies
14:00or
14:01to escape
14:02it is prudent
14:03provides for two possibilities
14:05of how he could
14:05remove the water
14:06from the ditches
14:07and create a special cannon
14:09that was shooting
14:09a hailstorm of stones
14:11of how he came up with
14:12a way to design
14:13and build
14:14secret passages
14:15completely noiseless
14:17able to cross
14:18ditches and rivers
14:20a covered vehicle
14:22safe and unassailable
14:23which can penetrate
14:24the enemy
14:25and his artillery
14:26how can it create
14:27cannons
14:28mortars
14:28and light ammunition
14:29with a design
14:30very nice
14:31and functional
14:32along with catapults
14:33manganese
14:34and trabucchi
14:35and even speaks
14:37to be able
14:38to create instruments of war
14:39for naval battles
14:40which are highly effective
14:42and suitable for attack
14:43or the defense
14:43or as in times of peace
14:46he can be an architect
14:47designing both public buildings
14:50that private
14:50and carrying the water
14:52from one place to another
14:53and only at the end
14:55of this very long letter
14:56to the Duke of Milan
14:57Leonardo mentioned
14:59his ability
15:00to sculpt and paint
15:01a strange thing
15:03to do
15:03for an artist
15:04so talented
15:05it was formed
15:07by some
15:07of the best artists
15:08of Florence
15:09and has easily
15:10equaled
15:11and often obscured
15:12their skills
15:13nevertheless
15:15here it is
15:15eager
15:17to belittle
15:17his brilliant talent
15:19for art
15:19maybe this
15:21can you give us an idea
15:22of Leonardo's mind
15:23at that time
15:24maybe he saw the art
15:25and painting
15:26just as a job
15:27something he did
15:28for money
15:29and his true passion
15:31was in using
15:32his curious mind
15:33and its powerful
15:34observation skills
15:35to discover
15:37invent
15:38and design
15:39new ideas
15:40in 1482
15:50Leonardo da Vinci
15:52he moved
15:53in Milan
15:53from Florence
15:54not to work
15:55as a military engineer
15:56as he had hoped
15:57but as an artist
15:59musician
15:59and theatre producer
16:01Leonardo was
16:02an experienced musician
16:04he played an instrument
16:05with strings
16:05similar to a violin
16:06called
16:07the anger from the arm
16:08was formed
16:09for the court of Milan
16:10and taught others
16:11how to play
16:12at this stage
16:13of his life
16:14he even designed
16:15his unique tools
16:16and was also employed
16:17like that
16:18that we could see today
16:19as a theatre producer
16:21designing props
16:23costumes
16:24backgrounds
16:25and special machines
16:26for shows
16:27and competitions
16:28his creations
16:40they helped to bring life back
16:41to history
16:42and to celebrate occasions
16:44many believed
16:45that the theater
16:46was the place
16:46in which Leonardo
16:47conceived for the first time
16:49some of his ideas
16:50and inventions
16:51for example
16:52one of the competitions
16:53required a bird
16:54as a prop
16:56and Leonardo decided to create
16:58a mechanical bird
16:59made of wood
17:00that flapped its wings
17:01and gave the illusion
17:02to fly
17:03this then brought him
17:05in a deep reflection
17:06he was fascinated
17:08from the way in which
17:09the birds
17:09they could fly
17:10observing them
17:11and studying them
17:12down to the smallest details
17:13creating in the course
17:15of his life
17:15many projects
17:16for flying machines
17:17human-powered
17:18that would have continued
17:20to test
17:20in the following years
17:22in 1483
17:24to Leonardo
17:25it was commissioned
17:26to paint
17:27the Virgin of the Rocks
17:28due to a dispute
17:29on payment
17:30Leonardo would actually have
17:32created two paintings
17:33almost identical
17:34of the Virgin of the Rocks
17:35one in 1483
17:38and another
17:39it was finished
17:39around 1508
17:41and it was painted
17:42with the help
17:43of an assistant
17:44Ambrogio de Predis
17:45both paintings
17:47I'm still
17:48in circulation today
17:49with the first
17:50exhibited at the Louvre in Paris
17:51and the second
17:52exposed to the
17:53National Gallery of London
17:55around 1485
18:07Leonardo
18:07he drew a project
18:09some believe
18:10be the first
18:11parachute overall
18:12this pyramid shape
18:14with a man hanging underneath
18:15it was the attempt
18:16by Leonardo
18:17to design something
18:18to slow down
18:19the fall of a man
18:20from a great height
18:21its design
18:23bulky
18:24brought to many
18:24to believe
18:25that he would not have
18:25never worked
18:26However
18:28in June
18:29of 2000
18:29a man
18:30by name
18:30Adrian Nicholas
18:32he demonstrated
18:33that everyone
18:33they were wrong
18:34he threw himself
18:36from a hot air balloon
18:36that was floating
18:37up to par
18:38of 3000 meters
18:38from the ground
18:39with the parachute
18:40created
18:40following the projects
18:41by Leonardo da Vinci
18:42it was entirely
18:44built
18:44using only
18:45materials
18:46which would be
18:47were available
18:48in the end
18:48of the 15th century
18:49and it was
18:50a success
18:51Adrian
18:52he even said
18:53that the descent
18:54it was more fluid
18:55of many parachutes
18:56modern
18:56which he had used
18:57in the past
18:58in that period
19:011485
19:02Leonardo
19:03he was drawing
19:04projects
19:05for a vast
19:05range of machines
19:06one of which
19:07it was an aerial screw
19:09that today
19:10we recognize
19:10like something
19:12similar
19:12to a helicopter
19:13keep in mind
19:14that this was
19:15more than 500 years ago
19:17and 500 years ago
19:18Leonardo da Vinci
19:19he was imagining
19:20and designing
19:21an aerial screw
19:22which would have provided
19:23the push
19:24to allow
19:25to the man
19:25to fly
19:26Leonardo had
19:27an understanding
19:28much deeper
19:29of scientific principles
19:31than one can
19:32to suppose
19:32for a man
19:33lived
19:33in the 15th century
19:35he realized
19:36that friction
19:37would have played
19:37an important role
19:38in preventing
19:39to the car
19:40to rotate
19:41at one speed
19:42sufficient
19:42to get
19:43a bearing capacity
19:44consequentially
19:45project
19:46what could be
19:47one of the first bearings
19:49modern ballpoint pens
19:50to reduce
19:50the friction
19:51between the rotating blades
19:52he also drew projects
19:55for a giant crossbow
19:56the standard crossbow
19:58it already existed
19:58for many years
19:59but Leonardo
20:00he brought her
20:01to the next level
20:02using his knowledge
20:03of mathematics
20:04and sciences
20:05he made
20:06a giant crossbow
20:07much more precise
20:08and powerful
20:09than any other crossbow
20:10designed first
20:11in 1487
20:14da Vinci
20:15project
20:15what he called
20:16a vehicle
20:17combat
20:18this was
20:20a vehicle
20:20armored
20:21inspired by the shell
20:22of a turtle
20:22covered with wood
20:24reinforced
20:25with metal plates
20:26inclined
20:26to divert
20:27enemy fire
20:28within
20:30there were two
20:31large cranks
20:31which would be
20:33were activated
20:33from strong men
20:34physically
20:35to move
20:36the machine
20:36this vehicle
20:38it had to be
20:39equipped
20:39with at least eight cannons
20:41positioned
20:42along the perimeter
20:43many described it
20:44like a prototype
20:45for modern people
20:46tanks
20:47and it was an idea
20:48totally revolutionary
20:49in the fifteenth century
20:51this project
20:52it never arrived
20:53on the battlefield
20:54since it was
20:55too heavy
20:56to be operated
20:57by men
20:58that were going around
20:58a crank
20:59inside it
21:00but it's an example
21:02than the projects
21:03and imagination
21:03by Leonardo da Vinci
21:05were more advanced
21:06of technology
21:07at your disposal
21:09at the time
21:09Giorgio Vasari
21:13painter
21:14architect
21:15writer
21:15Italian historian
21:16of the sixteenth century
21:18known above all
21:19for his book
21:20The lives
21:21of the most excellent
21:22painters
21:23sculptors
21:24and architects
21:24he wrote a lot
21:26about Leonardo da Vinci
21:27tale
21:28of how Leonardo
21:29he became famous
21:30while living in Milan
21:31not only
21:32for his great
21:33intellect
21:33and artistic talent
21:35but also
21:36for his
21:36good looking
21:37the body build
21:38muscular
21:39and the style
21:40Kind
21:40riddle
21:42what is that thing
21:44that from men
21:45it is very desired
21:48and when they own it
21:49they don't know they own it
21:50Vasari said
21:52Leonardo da Vinci
21:53he was a man
21:54of extraordinary
21:55beauty and grace
21:56his presence
21:57brought comfort
21:58to the most troubled soul
21:59Leonardo
22:00it was fascinating
22:01attractive
22:02and he had many friends
22:04in 1488
22:15let's see some
22:16of the first studies
22:17of human anatomy
22:18by Leonardo da Vinci
22:19in his notebooks
22:20the study
22:21of the human body
22:22will become
22:23an obsession
22:24for his whole life
22:24would have continued
22:26to dissect
22:27many human corpses
22:28and to try
22:28to draw
22:29categorize
22:30and understand
22:31every part
22:32of the human body
22:33his studies
22:34of anatomy
22:35they were not alone
22:36scientific
22:37but he used
22:38the information
22:39to improve
22:40his art
22:40trying hard
22:42more and more
22:42to make
22:43his paintings
22:44the most realistic
22:45and live as possible
22:46Leonardo was
22:48one of the people
22:48more curious
22:49and perhaps never lived
22:50his wish
22:52to learn
22:53discover
22:53and understand
22:54how it worked
22:55every aspect
22:56of our world
22:57he pushed him
22:58to ask questions
22:59and look for answers
23:00to things that
23:01most
23:02about us
23:02would never have
23:03not even contemplated
23:04every week
23:06he wrote
23:06a long list
23:07of things
23:08who wanted to learn
23:09or questions
23:10who he wanted
23:10find an answer
23:11from questions
23:13as
23:13because the sky
23:14it's blue
23:15when describing
23:16the language
23:16of a woodpecker
23:17his curiosity
23:19pushed him to discover
23:20and conceive
23:21ideas
23:21that almost
23:22no one else
23:23human being
23:23at that moment
23:24would ever have
23:25not even dreamed
23:26not to mention
23:27to pursue
23:28intellectually
23:29Leonardo da Vinci
23:41he was a vegetarian
23:43he didn't eat meat
23:44he preferred to wear
23:45the colored linen
23:46for his clothes
23:47instead of skin
23:48not wanting to wear
23:49dead skin
23:50of another animal
23:51there is also a report
23:53where he bought
23:54birds
23:54in a cage
23:55from the market
23:55and then
23:56he freed them
23:57giving them back
23:58lost freedom
23:59you have to keep in mind
24:01that in the fifteenth century
24:03animal welfare
24:04it wasn't at the top
24:05to no one's agenda
24:06nevertheless
24:07here it is
24:08Leonardo da Vinci
24:09500 years ago
24:10recognizes
24:11the sensitivity
24:12of animals
24:12realizing
24:14that the creatures
24:14what we eat
24:15to feed us
24:16they experiment
24:17the world
24:18in a similar way
24:19to us
24:19he wrote
24:20if you are
24:21as you described
24:22yourself
24:23the king of beasts
24:24why you help
24:25the other animals
24:26just because
24:27can give you
24:28their little ones
24:29to grade
24:30your palate
24:31he considered
24:33the vegetarian diet
24:34a way of eating
24:35simple
24:36which provided
24:37all that
24:38of which one man
24:38he needed
24:39and urged it
24:40the adoption
24:41his motivation
24:43to avoid meat
24:44derived
24:45from a morality
24:46science-based
24:47a long time passed
24:49to study
24:50plants and animals
24:51and arrived
24:51at the conclusion
24:52which unlike
24:53of the plants
24:54the animals
24:55they could try
24:56pain
24:56just like us
24:57this Leonardo
24:59incredibly
25:00compassionate
25:01and thoughtful
25:02contrasts sharply
25:03with the same man
25:04who designed
25:05countless machines
25:06from war
25:07clearly
25:08there was a sort of
25:09of conflict
25:10in his personality
25:11his wish
25:12to create
25:13big machines
25:13from war
25:14it didn't line up
25:15really
25:16with his desire
25:17not to inflict
25:18damage to others
25:19living creatures
25:20almost all machines
25:22from war
25:22by Leonardo
25:23they were never built
25:24mainly
25:25because
25:26of two factors
25:27many of his projects
25:28they were simply
25:29too advanced
25:30for technology
25:31existing at the time
25:32and secondly
25:34when it ended
25:35to design
25:36one of these machines
25:37he moved on to the next thing
25:38that captured
25:39his attention
25:40and curiosity
25:41in 1489
25:52let's see Leonardo
25:53explore
25:54the architecture
25:54he designed plans
25:56to redesign
25:57completely Milan
25:58he imagined
25:59a new Milanese city
26:01art-based
26:02and cleaning
26:03designed
26:04to stop
26:04the diffusion
26:05of diseases
26:06like the plague
26:06that devastated
26:07life
26:08at that time
26:08he thought of every detail
26:11from sewer systems
26:13to the underground areas
26:14for carts
26:15and deliveries
26:16to the streets
26:17on a slight slope
26:18to drain
26:19any waste
26:20and exclusives
26:21spiral staircases
26:22that connected
26:23the underground
26:24on the surface
26:25in that year
26:261489
26:28Leonardo
26:29he received the assignment
26:30by Ludovico Sforza
26:31to melt
26:32a gigantic one
26:33bronze statue
26:34by Francesco Sforza
26:35a precedent
26:36ruler of Milan
26:37in the saddle
26:38a horse
26:38Leonardo
26:40it would have been
26:41quickly
26:41forgotten
26:42of man
26:43who was riding
26:43the horse
26:44and it would be
26:45remained
26:45fascinated
26:46from the horse
26:46same
26:47trying to make it
26:48the most realistic
26:49and magnificent
26:50possible
26:50his plans
26:52they would have created
26:53the largest
26:54statue of a horse
26:55in bronze
26:55to the world
26:56at that moment
26:57Unfortunately
26:59in 1494
27:01after years
27:02of design
27:02and attempts
27:03of improvement
27:04of this great
27:05statue
27:05by
27:06by Leonardo
27:06Ludovico Sforza
27:08he gave everything
27:08the 66 tons
27:10bronze
27:10which had been
27:11set aside
27:12for production
27:12of the statue
27:13to his brother-in-law
27:14so as to be able to
27:15to make cannons
27:16to defend
27:17the city
27:17from an invasion
27:18French
27:19ninth
27:20it's too expensive
27:21with all that bronze
27:23they can be done
27:23at least 100 cannons
27:24100
27:25in 1490
27:36Leonardo da Vinci
27:37presented to the public
27:38a sketch
27:39of the Vitruvian Man
27:40this sketch
27:41has become
27:42one of the works
27:42most famous
27:43by Leonardo
27:43capturing
27:44the imagination
27:45of people
27:46for hundreds
27:47of years
27:47we see a figure
27:49male
27:49perfectly designed
27:51in a circle
27:52and in a square
27:53with the navel
27:54in the center of the circle
27:55and the genitals
27:56in the center of the square
27:57it is thought
27:59to represent
28:00what Leonardo
28:01he believed it was
28:01a divine connection
28:03between human form
28:04and the universe
28:05it is based
28:06on a song
28:07written
28:071500 years
28:08Before
28:09of birth
28:09by Leonardo
28:10from an author
28:11Roman architect
28:12an engineer
28:13by name
28:14Vitruvius
28:14Vitruvius
28:16he wrote
28:16of a body
28:17of man
28:18that fit
28:18perfectly
28:19to a circle
28:20which represented
28:21the divinity
28:21and a square
28:22which represented
28:23the earth
28:24it's the attempt
28:26by Leonardo
28:27to view
28:28the perfect man
28:29according to the writings
28:30by Vitruvius
28:30a drawing
28:31geometric
28:32from the ancient idea
28:33that the man
28:34it's a miniature
28:35of the universe
28:35a microcosm
28:37Leonardo
28:38it wasn't
28:39the only one
28:39to try
28:40to draw it
28:41James
28:42Andrea from Ferrara
28:43an architect
28:43which was one
28:44some friends
28:45by Leonardo
28:45drawing
28:46his version
28:47of man
28:47Vitruvian
28:48maybe before
28:49that Leonardo
28:50created his own
28:51you can see them
28:52clearly
28:52the similarities
28:53many believe
28:54that the man
28:55Vitruvian
28:55by Leonardo
28:56it was almost
28:57a self-portrait
28:58the man
28:59that we see
28:59in the center
29:00it looks very similar
29:01a like Leonardo
29:02is described
29:03at the time
29:03with long
29:04curly hair
29:05a body type
29:06muscular
29:07and traits
29:07of the face
29:08defined
29:09Perhaps
29:10a look
29:10rare
29:11of how it looked
29:12the great
29:12Leonardo
29:13da Vinci
29:13through
29:14his eyes
29:15in the same
29:19year
29:191490
29:20Gian Giacomo
29:22Caprotti
29:22from Oreno
29:23better known
29:24with the nickname
29:26Salai
29:26which translates to
29:27approximately
29:29in little devil
29:30he went to live
29:31with Leonardo
29:32Salai had only
29:34ten years
29:34at the time
29:35and Leonardo
29:36almost 40
29:37but a young man
29:38apprentice
29:38that was going
29:39to live
29:40with a new one
29:40art master
29:41it wasn't unusual
29:42at that time
29:44Leonardo
29:44he wrote in one
29:45of his notebooks
29:46a list
29:47of misdeeds
29:48of Salai
29:48defining it
29:49thief
29:50liar
29:51stubborn
29:52and greedy
29:53Salai stole money
29:55to Leonardo
29:56in at least
29:56five occasions
29:57and so
29:58Salai
29:58he earned
29:59the nickname
30:00of little devil
30:01despite all this
30:02Leonardo
30:03he indulged him
30:04and Salai
30:05remained part
30:06of the family
30:06by Leonardo
30:07for thirty years
30:08until death
30:09by Leonardo
30:10it is thought
30:11that many
30:12some drawings
30:12by Leonardo
30:13and even
30:14two
30:14of his paintings
30:15are based
30:16on Salai
30:17Saint John
30:17Baptist
30:18who painted
30:19since 1508
30:20to 1513
30:22and Bacchus
30:23since 1510
30:24to 1515
30:26around 1491
30:37Leonardo
30:38drawing
30:38projects
30:39for a telescope
30:40writing
30:41on his notebook
30:41which should have
30:42enlarge the moon
30:43he wrote notes
30:45detailed
30:46on his project
30:47up to the thickness
30:48of the glass
30:48that would have been
30:49necessary
30:50to produce
30:50the enlargement
30:51correct
30:52Leonardo da Vinci
30:53it's not often
30:54remembered
30:55for his
30:55contribution
30:56to astronomy
30:56mainly
30:57because many
30:58of his
30:58discoveries
30:59and observations
30:59they turned out to be
31:01incorrect
31:01or imprecise
31:02over the years
31:02subsequent
31:03but here it is
31:05100 years
31:06before Galileo
31:07with a telescope
31:08designed
31:08to enlarge
31:09the moon
31:10and scrutinize
31:11the sky
31:11night
31:12in 1492
31:14Leonardo da Vinci
31:15he finishes his painting
31:17Lady with an Ermine
31:18the painting
31:20depicts
31:20Cecilia Gallerani
31:22that at the time
31:23he was a lover
31:23by Ludovico Sforza
31:25Duke of Milan
31:26in 1494
31:28Charles VIII
31:29of France
31:29descends into Italy
31:30with an army
31:31of 30,000 men
31:32Charles VIII
31:34he is welcomed in Milan
31:35and also enters Florence
31:36where the excessive
31:37submission
31:38by Piero De Medici
31:39causes
31:40the wrath of the Florentines
31:41and the end
31:42of the Medici Lordship
31:44this is war
31:45which caused
31:46the use
31:46of the 66 tons
31:48bronze
31:49set aside
31:49for the gigantic
31:50horse statue
31:51by Leonardo
31:52for the cannons
31:53in 1495
32:05Leonardo da Vinci
32:06he started painting
32:07the last supper
32:08one of his works
32:09most famous
32:10he painted the mural
32:12on a wall
32:13of the refectory
32:14of the convent
32:14of Santa Maria delle Grazie
32:16in Milan
32:16the painting represents
32:18the scene
32:19of the last supper
32:20of Jesus
32:20with his apostles
32:21as told
32:22in the Gospel of John
32:23Leonardo
32:25capture the moment
32:26immediately after
32:27that Jesus
32:27announces
32:28that one of the 12 apostles
32:30he would have betrayed him
32:31he's a brilliant
32:32piece of drama
32:33that captures
32:34perfectly
32:35the emotion
32:36of the moment
32:36Leonardo da Vinci
32:38he preferred to use
32:39oil-based colors
32:40a medium
32:41which allows
32:41to the artist
32:42to work slowly
32:43adding layers
32:45and bringing
32:46changes
32:46with ease
32:47oil colors
32:49they were not traditionally
32:50used for painting
32:51on the walls
32:52because the paint
32:53it often didn't last
32:54However
32:55Leonardo thought
32:56to have a new method
32:57to overcome this problem
32:59unfortunately though
33:00it didn't work
33:01due to a mix
33:02among the new methods
33:04of construction
33:04of the building
33:05and new paint
33:06by Leonardo
33:07the image began
33:09to fade
33:09and to crumble
33:10within 20 years
33:11from completion
33:12over the years
33:14many artists
33:15they tried
33:16to restore
33:17the huge painting
33:18mural
33:18often with results
33:19alternate
33:20during the revolution
33:22French
33:23the French troops
33:24they used the refectory
33:25as an armory
33:26and stable
33:27with soldiers
33:28that they threw
33:29stones to the painting
33:30and they scratched
33:31the eyes
33:31to the apostles
33:32during the second
33:34world war
33:35an allied bomb
33:36hit the refectory
33:37but fortunately
33:38a structure
33:39protective
33:40of sandbags
33:41he managed to maintain
33:42the painting
33:43largely
33:44intact
33:44between 1978
33:47and 1999
33:49took place
33:50an important restoration
33:51which stabilized
33:52the painting
33:53removed most of it
33:55of painting
33:55not original
33:56added by others
33:57restorers
33:58and restored
33:59largely
34:00what remained
34:01of the original work
34:02by Leonardo da Vinci
34:03in 1498
34:17Leonardo da Vinci
34:18head one
34:19of his projects
34:20for a flying machine
34:21Leonardo was
34:22extremely interested
34:23on the fly
34:24spending
34:25huge quantities
34:26of time
34:26to study
34:27and observe
34:27the birds
34:28and looking for
34:29to understand
34:29how they flew
34:30at that time
34:32many believed
34:32that the birds
34:33they flew in the air
34:34in a similar way
34:35like boats
34:36they float
34:37on the water
34:37but Leonardo
34:39he realized
34:40that it wasn't like that
34:41and got to work
34:42studying creatures
34:43that were flying
34:44to understand
34:45like humans
34:46could fly
34:47alone
34:48in the same year
34:521498
34:54Leonardo
34:55he started doing
34:55projects
34:56to publish
34:57some
34:57of his notebooks
34:58Unfortunately
34:59he never succeeded
35:00Leonardo da Vinci
35:02it was one
35:03of the greatest
35:03thinkers in the world
35:05he made discoveries
35:06in a wide range
35:06of topics
35:07However
35:08so long as
35:09did not publish
35:09never
35:10his notebooks
35:11the world
35:12he did not find out
35:13of his discoveries
35:14and ideas
35:14up to many
35:15many years
35:16after his death
35:17if the notebooks
35:19by Leonardo
35:20had been published
35:21during his time
35:22many believe
35:23that his discoveries
35:24inventions
35:25and ideas
35:25they would have changed
35:27radically
35:27the world
35:28well beyond
35:29the simple one
35:30art and culture
35:31a great example
35:32of Leonardo's genius
35:33at work
35:34which probably
35:35would have changed
35:36the world
35:36somehow
35:37if it had been published
35:39Before
35:39it was his job
35:40on dentistry
35:41as far as we know
35:43Leonardo was
35:44the first man
35:45in history
35:46to draw
35:47and depict
35:47carefully
35:48the four types
35:49of human teeth
35:50including
35:51their roots
35:52noting that
35:53a human being
35:54he usually has some
35:5530
35:56including
35:56wisdom teeth
35:57as if it wasn't there
36:00already a lot
36:01for which to celebrate
36:01Leonardo
36:02having been
36:03a pioneer
36:04of dentistry
36:05can be added
36:06to the long list
36:07Leonardo da Vinci
36:12he didn't try
36:13the money
36:14Despite
36:15was someone
36:16that could have
36:17easily earn it
36:18in large quantities
36:19if he had wanted it
36:20many powerful people
36:22and rich
36:22of his time
36:23they were looking for him
36:24to paint
36:25paintings for them
36:26offering him
36:27a lot of money
36:28and yet Leonardo
36:29he wasn't interested
36:30he was just looking for things
36:32that fascinated him
36:33Truly
36:33he invented a machine
36:35which would have revolutionized
36:36totally
36:37the textile industry
36:38of the time
36:39and even calculated
36:40how much money
36:41could have earned
36:42in a year
36:436,000 gold ducats
36:45which today would be
36:46more than 5 million
36:47of euros
36:48but only conceive
36:49the idea
36:50it was enough
36:51for him
36:51intellectual research
36:53it was what he really loved
36:54not the money
36:55Leonardo
36:57he was talking about how
36:58those unique searches
36:59money
37:00and wealth
37:01were missing
37:02from the great treasure
37:03of life
37:03that for him
37:04it was the knowledge
37:06in 1499
37:13Louis XII
37:14King of France
37:15invaded Milan
37:16taking control
37:18of the city
37:19it is said that
37:19the king of France
37:20was a fan
37:21of Leonardo's work
37:22and kept it
37:24in high regard
37:25but Leonardo
37:26decided to leave
37:27the city
37:27with his friends
37:28and followers
37:29they traveled
37:30first in Venice
37:31where Leonardo
37:31he found work
37:32as an engineer
37:33devising a system
37:34of mobile barricades
37:35that they would have protected
37:37Venice
37:37from an invasion
37:38by sea
37:39it was here in Venice
37:40that Leonardo
37:41he had his idea
37:42for a wetsuit
37:43the man is down here
37:44a mask
37:46with glass eyes
37:49with which you can
37:50swim underwater
37:51a vestige of a pancera
37:52jacket, socks
37:53and a wineskin to blow into
37:54a breath bag
37:55deflated
37:56you'll get to the bottom of it
37:57pulled by sandbags
37:58inflated
37:59you will return above the water
38:05in 1502
38:15Leonardo
38:16he entered the service
38:17by Cesare Borgia
38:18as a military engineer
38:19and architect
38:20Cesare Borgia
38:22he was the illegitimate son
38:23of Pope
38:23Alexander VI
38:24he was an Italian politician
38:26warlord
38:27and strategist
38:28whose fight
38:29for power
38:29was one of the main
38:30sources of inspiration
38:32for the famous book
38:33Machiavelli's The Prince
38:34While he was working
38:37for Cesare Borgia
38:38Leonardo created
38:39a map of Imola
38:40that you can use it
38:41to orient yourself
38:42in the city
38:42even today
38:44At that time
38:45most
38:46of the maps
38:46they were symbolic
38:47hill views
38:49The main features
38:51highlighted
38:51in the cities
38:52as churches
38:53palaces
38:53and military forces
38:54they are almost useless
38:56for a navigation
38:57detailed
38:57Leonardo da Vinci
38:59decided to create
39:00something different
39:01a map
39:02that it was accurate
39:03and could actually
39:04be used
39:05for navigation
39:06and planning
39:07using measurements
39:09detailed
39:10recorded the distance
39:11and the corners
39:12of every street
39:12building
39:13and Imola wall
39:14creating something
39:16which is closer
39:17to a modern one
39:18satellite map
39:19all this
39:20500 years ago
39:21using only
39:23equipment
39:23who designed
39:24and made it happen
39:25himself
39:25his curious mind
39:28pushed the boundaries
39:29of what was thought
39:30possible at the time
39:31and its wonderful
39:32observation skills
39:34contributed
39:35to transform
39:36his ideas
39:36actually
39:37while he was working
39:41for Cesare Borgia
39:42in 1502
39:43Leonardo
39:44encounter
39:45a young man
39:45Niccolò Machiavelli
39:46Machiavelli
39:47he was a diplomat
39:49philosopher
39:49and Italian writer
39:50of the Renaissance
39:51known above all
39:52for his book
39:54The Prince
39:54it is often described
39:56like the father
39:56of the modern
39:57political philosophy
39:58Together
40:00Leonardo da Vinci
40:01and Machiavelli
40:02they planned
40:03to deviate
40:04the Arno River
40:05at the time Florence
40:06he was fighting
40:07a war with Pisa
40:08and Leonardo
40:09and Machiavelli
40:10they thought
40:11that deviating
40:11the Arno River
40:12they could have
40:13end the war
40:14subtracting
40:15the water source
40:16and paralyzing
40:17the city of Pisa
40:18Leonardo
40:19created detailed plans
40:21exploiting
40:21all his skills
40:23scientific
40:23and knowledge
40:24on the movement
40:24of the water
40:25geology
40:26and engineering
40:27here you can see
40:29Leonardo's drawing
40:30of the plan
40:30for the diversion
40:31this is the Arno river
40:34and here is the deviation
40:35planned by Leonardo
40:36it would have taken
40:41many years
40:41before the government
40:42Florentine
40:43approve the final project
40:44and to save money
40:46on costs
40:46they did not succeed
40:47to follow
40:48Leonardo's plans
40:49finally bringing
40:50to failure
40:51of the project
40:52in 1503
41:05Leonardo da Vinci
41:06he returned to Florence
41:07and began to paint
41:08the Mona Lisa
41:09which he would continue
41:11to work
41:11for the rest
41:12of his life
41:13the Mona Lisa
41:14it's probably
41:15the work of art
41:15most famous
41:16of history
41:17of humanity
41:17it is believed
41:19that the painting
41:19you represent
41:20by Lisa Gerardini
41:21a noble Italian woman
41:23and wife of Francesco
41:24of the Giocondo
41:25a silk merchant
41:26and Florentine official
41:28the eyes of the Mona Lisa
41:30they are fixed on the public
41:31it doesn't matter where you are
41:33follows you around the room
41:35while the smile
41:36enigmatic
41:37it teases anyone who looks at it
41:39Leonardo
41:40he was a pioneer
41:41in painting technique
41:43of the nuanced
41:43and the Mona Lisa
41:44it is the most famous example
41:46of its use
41:47Leonardo
41:48described the sfumato
41:49as without lines
41:51or edges
41:51in the manner of smoking
41:53or beyond the plane
41:54of focus
41:55the shaded one
41:57it's basically
41:58a painting technique
41:59that softens
42:00the transitions
42:01among the colors
42:02imitating an area
42:03beyond that
42:04on which the human eye
42:05he is concentrating
42:06you can see
42:07this technique
42:08on full display
42:09around the eyes
42:10and to the mouth
42:11of the Mona Lisa
42:11the shaded one
42:13helps bring life to life
42:15to paintings
42:15that imitate
42:16reality
42:16of the light
42:17and of life
42:18an analysis
42:20of the Mona Lisa
42:21reveals that Leonardo
42:22he never stopped
42:23to add something to it
42:25applying
42:26layer after layer
42:27of small brush strokes
42:28to create
42:29this blurred effect
42:30I'll pay you whatever you want
42:34but I'm taking it to France
42:36luckily a tablet
42:41and not a wall
42:41like the last supper
42:42Your Majesty is not finished yet
42:45this isn't over either
42:47Not yet
42:47but if your teacher
42:49he wants to see the projects
42:50of the new channel
42:51yes let's see these projects
42:53just her face
42:54has up to 35 layers
42:56of painting
42:57that have been added
42:58slowly
42:59over the course of many years
43:00the Mona Lisa
43:02it is without a doubt
43:02a masterpiece
43:03which still preserves today
43:05her beauty
43:06and elegance
43:07but in the world
43:08there have been
43:09many artistic masterpieces
43:11nevertheless
43:11no one is famous
43:12as much as the Mona Lisa
43:14why this work of art
43:16she is so loved
43:17so well known
43:19why the Mona Lisa
43:21it's so famous
43:22after Leonardo's death
43:29we think that the Mona Lisa
43:30passed to his assistant Salai
43:33which then
43:34the revenge
43:34to the King of France
43:35the famous painting
43:37remained in the hands
43:38of the French royal family
43:39until the French Revolution
43:41of 1789
43:42after the revolution
43:44the Mona Lisa
43:45it was exposed
43:45at the Louvre in Paris
43:46where it is still located today
43:48the painting
43:50it wasn't very well known
43:51outside the world
43:52of art
43:53and certainly
43:54it wasn't popular
43:54among the audience
43:56this until 1911
43:58August 21st
43:59of that year
44:00the Mona Lisa
44:00it was stolen
44:01and it took
44:02a whole day
44:04before the people
44:05he noticed
44:05that had disappeared
44:06the painting
44:07would have remained
44:08disappeared
44:09for over two years
44:10and it is precisely
44:12the period of absence
44:13from public view
44:14which made her famous
44:15the Mona Lisa
44:16before it was stolen
44:18there was only one
44:18of the many masterpieces
44:19on display
44:20but during the two years
44:21in which there was no more
44:23the press published
44:24countless articles
44:25who speculated
44:26on the missing painting
44:27and they defined it
44:28always a masterpiece
44:30and one of the best paintings
44:31to the world
44:32theories emerged
44:34crazy people everywhere
44:35accusing many people
44:37of having committed
44:38the crime
44:38at a certain point
44:40even a young man
44:42Pablo Picasso
44:42he was even arrested
44:44and questioned
44:45for stealing
44:46the Mona Lisa
44:47although later
44:48he was exonerated
44:50from any involvement
44:51in the disappearance
44:52of the painting
44:53the mystery
44:55around the theft
44:56created a global news story
44:57which went on
44:58for many years
44:59pushing the Mona Lisa
45:01under the eyes
45:02of the public
45:02from all over the world
45:03the real culprit
45:05he was a man
45:06named Vincenzo Perugia
45:08a former employee
45:09of the UVR
45:09who helped build
45:11the glass case
45:12of the painting
45:12he carried out the theft
45:14simply
45:14entering the building
45:15during the hours
45:16opening
45:17hiding
45:18in a closet
45:19and then going out
45:20with the painting
45:20hidden under the coat
45:22after closing
45:23of the museum
45:24Vincenzo
45:25he was a patriot
45:26Italian
45:26who believed
45:27that the paintings
45:28by Leonardo da Vinci
45:29should be
45:30returned
45:30to Italian museums
45:31after holding
45:33the Mona Lisa
45:33hidden
45:34in his apartment
45:35for two years
45:35Mr. Perugia
45:37he became impatient
45:38and he was surprised
45:40while he was looking
45:40to sell it
45:41to Giovanni Poggi
45:42the director
45:43of the Gallery
45:44of the Uffizi
45:44of Florence
45:45the Mona Lisa
45:47it was then exposed
45:48in the Gallery
45:48of the Uffizi
45:49for two weeks
45:50before being
45:51returned
45:51in the Louvre
45:52January 4th
45:531940
45:54Perugia
45:56discount
45:56six months
45:57of prison
45:57and was praised
45:58from the Italians
45:59when he was released
46:00for his patriotism
46:02when the painting
46:04he finally returned
46:04in the Louvre
46:05crowds of people
46:06they went to see
46:07the painting
46:08which they had heard about
46:09so much talk
46:10and since then
46:11they never have
46:12stopped going there
46:13today it is said
46:14that 80%
46:15of visitors
46:16of the Louvre
46:17of Paris
46:17he only comes
46:18to see
46:19the Mona Lisa
46:19in 1505
46:23Leonardo
46:24he continued to meditate
46:25on the flight
46:26watching birds
46:27and insects
46:28and trying
46:28without success
46:29for the second time
46:30to test
46:31one of his
46:32flying machines
46:33in the same year
46:35he was commissioned
46:36to paint
46:36the battle
46:37of Anghiari
46:38in the Hall
46:38of the Five Hundred
46:39at Palazzo Vecchio
46:41in Florence
46:41Leonardo
46:43he had imagined
46:44a composition
46:45dynamically fluid
46:47depicting
46:47four men
46:48on horseback
46:49busy
46:50in a fierce battle
46:51Leonardo
46:52lot
46:52to complete
46:53this work
46:54but the painting
46:55it deteriorated
46:55quickly
46:56all that
46:57that we have
46:58available
46:59Today
46:59is this drawing
47:00of the painting
47:01by Peter Paul Rubens
47:02which was made
47:03in 1603
47:04about
47:05one hundred years later
47:06while he lived
47:08in Florence
47:08Leonardo
47:09became a species
47:10of local celebrity
47:11in this period
47:13historical
47:13the artists
47:13were widely
47:14seen as craftsmen
47:16in the same way
47:17where you could
47:18see a carpenter
47:19or a bricklayer
47:19but Leonardo
47:21was one of the first
47:22to break
47:22this scheme
47:23his creations
47:24artistic
47:25they made him earn money
47:26a certain fame
47:27and he was very well known
47:28in Florence
47:29among the people
47:30who was anxious
47:31to admire
47:31his works
47:32in 1506
47:35Leonardo
47:35he returned to Milan
47:36where he remained
47:37for seven years
47:38returning to Florence
47:39just to solve
47:40a dispute
47:41among his brothers
47:42on the father's estate
47:43died in 1504
47:45in this period
47:47in Milan
47:48Leonardo
47:48encounter
47:49Francesco Melzi
47:50son of an aristocrat
47:52Lombard
47:52Melzi would have become
47:54the favorite student
47:55by Leonardo
47:56and would have followed
47:57Leonardo
47:57until his death
47:58in 1509
48:09Leonardo
48:09continuous
48:10his studies
48:11of anatomy
48:12spending
48:12of the time
48:13in a hospital
48:14local
48:14talking to patients
48:15and observing them
48:16for then
48:17dissect the dead
48:18to study it
48:19the anatomy
48:20it is believed
48:21that Leonardo
48:22have dissected
48:23over 30 bodies
48:24in his research
48:25to discover
48:26all that
48:26that could
48:27on the shape
48:27of the human body
48:28he made
48:29over 240 drawings
48:31detailed
48:32of human anatomy
48:33describing
48:34almost perfectly
48:35every part
48:35something that
48:36very few people
48:37they had done
48:38up to that point
48:39of history
48:40as an artist
48:42famous and successful
48:43Leonardo
48:44he got permission
48:44to dissect
48:45human corpses
48:46from numerous hospitals
48:47of Florence
48:48of Milan
48:48and of Rome
48:49the artists
48:51in that period
48:51they studied often
48:52the human form
48:53but Leonardo
48:54he brought her
48:55at one level
48:55superior
48:56was passing
48:57so long
48:58to dissect
48:59analyze
49:00and draw
49:01human bodies
49:01and their parts
49:03which often
49:03they were starting to decompose
49:05before succeeding
49:05to complete
49:06a complete autopsy
49:07it is believed
49:08that if Leonardo
49:09da Vinci
49:10had published
49:11his studies
49:11anatomical
49:12during his lifetime
49:13would have changed
49:14totally
49:15the story
49:15of medicine
49:16some of the things
49:18who discovered
49:19theorized
49:19and observed
49:20they wouldn't be
49:21been replicated
49:22or rediscoveries
49:23for hundreds
49:24of years
49:24after his death
49:25he was a pioneer
49:27of anatomy
49:28but we didn't know it
49:29until recently
49:30why didn't he publish
49:32his work
49:32he created a method
49:35to map
49:35the internal structure
49:36of the brain
49:37injecting
49:38hot wax
49:39creating the first medium
49:41of solidification
49:42known to define
49:43the shape
49:44and the dimensions
49:45of a structure
49:45internal body
49:47they would have wanted each other
49:48over 200 years
49:49before this technique
49:50was replicated
49:51from someone else
49:52he modeled
49:53and theorized
49:54in an expert manner
49:55the operation
49:56of the human heart
49:57even creating
49:58a glass model
49:59working
50:00to reply
50:01the blood flow
50:02with some of the predictions
50:04by Leonardo
50:04on the vortices
50:05of the blood flow
50:06systolic
50:07which have turned out to be
50:08correct
50:09only in 2014
50:10but he didn't limit himself
50:12just to dissect
50:13human beings
50:14dissecting horses
50:16cows
50:16birds
50:17monkeys
50:17and frogs
50:18comparing
50:19and contrasting
50:20the anatomical structures
50:21to those of human beings
50:22he also concentrated
50:24on human emotions
50:25trying to understand
50:27what caused them
50:28dissecting face by face
50:31trying to understand
50:32which parts of the face
50:34would cause
50:35what emotions
50:36his studies
50:38on the human body
50:39and on anatomy
50:40they began
50:41originally
50:42to serve his art
50:43as a way
50:44to make his paintings
50:45more realistic
50:46and real
50:47but this study
50:48quickly became
50:49a passion
50:49and a real interest
50:50for Leonardo
50:51in itself
50:52in 1513
50:57Leonardo moved to Rome
50:59by invitation
50:59of the Pope's brother
51:01it's here
51:02what is said
51:02that Leonardo
51:03I drew
51:04this portrait
51:05of himself
51:05at the age of about
51:0760 years old
51:08here
51:08we see an old man
51:10with a tired face
51:11long hair
51:12and a long beard
51:13this drawing
51:15has broadly defined
51:16the way in which
51:17let's see the appearance
51:18by Leonardo da Vinci
51:19since it is thought
51:20that it is the only one
51:21verified self-portrait
51:23that we still have
51:24of him
51:24between 1513
51:27and 1516
51:29while he was in Rome
51:30Leonardo painted
51:31Saint John the Baptist
51:33in this period
51:34was described
51:35from someone
51:35as one of the best
51:37painters of the world
51:38who despises
51:39the art
51:39for which
51:40he has a talent
51:40so rare
51:41in 1517
51:50Leonardo da Vinci
51:51he moved
51:52in Ambuase
51:53in France
51:54as a guest
51:55of the French king
51:56Francis I
51:57getting the title
51:58of the first painter
51:59engineer
52:00and architect of the king
52:02while he was in France
52:04Leonardo painted
52:05very little
52:05instead of focusing
52:07on his other passions
52:08project
52:09an entire city
52:11Francis I
52:12he was a big fan
52:13by Leonardo
52:13and his work
52:14just like his father
52:15and the king
52:16a long time passed
52:18with him
52:18learning all this
52:20that could
52:21from the master
52:21on a sheet of paper
52:24of geometric notes
52:25in one of the last
52:27pages
52:27some notebooks
52:28by Leonardo
52:28interrupts
52:30abruptly
52:30his theories
52:31and writes
52:32the soup
52:33it's getting cold
52:34many think
52:37that this is
52:38the last note
52:39on the notebook
52:39by Leonardo da Vinci
52:41his mind
52:42keep tacking
52:43trying to solve
52:45problems
52:45and discover
52:46new ideas
52:47but then
52:48he is reminded
52:50that the soup
52:50it's not hot anymore
52:52it's time to stop
52:53May 2nd
52:55in the year
52:561519
52:58at the age of 67
53:00Leonardo da Vinci
53:02he died
53:02this moment
53:04he was immortalized
53:06in a painting
53:07300 years later
53:08let's see Leonardo
53:11lying in bed
53:12dying
53:13with King Francis I
53:14that holds his head
53:15and looks him in the eye
53:17capturing
53:18the last moment
53:19of the great
53:20Leonardo da Vinci
53:21Therefore
53:26how did he do it
53:28Leonardo da Vinci
53:29to change the world
53:30his works
53:32of art
53:32they inspired
53:33and fascinated
53:34people
53:34across our planet
53:36for over 500 years
53:37he managed to capture
53:39and portray life
53:40in a way that no one else
53:42he has managed to do since then
53:43there is a reason
53:44for which his works of art
53:46like the Mona Lisa
53:47they resonate with so many people
53:49Leonardo's genius
53:51as an artist
53:52scientist
53:53and being human
53:54they had
53:55a huge influence
53:56about our world
53:57and I think that part
53:58more interesting
53:59let there be change
54:00which never happened
54:02he discovered and invented things
54:05that other human beings
54:06they employed
54:07hundreds of years
54:08to discover
54:09but nobody
54:10he really knew
54:11of this huge
54:13body of works
54:14if his notebooks
54:15had been published
54:17during his lifetime
54:18his discoveries
54:19his theories
54:20and inventions
54:21they would most likely have
54:23changed completely
54:24the face
54:25of our planet
54:26and of our society
54:27Leonardo never stopped
54:29not even today
54:30to change the world
54:31he left a legacy
54:32that continues to resonate
54:34over time
54:34as we continue
54:36to always know more
54:37about him
54:38teaches us to be
54:39more curious
54:40and observers
54:41to ask more questions
54:43and to seek more answers
54:45our world
54:47produced people
54:48much more intelligent
54:50who have overcome
54:50Leonardo
54:51in almost every field
54:52but rarely
54:54you meet someone
54:55so universally gifted
54:57someone who can apply
54:59one's brilliance
55:00to such a wide range
55:02of topics
55:03and with a curious mind
55:05an observing eye
55:06he comes out with so many
55:08new interesting ideas
55:10answers
55:11and questions
55:12he was a genius
55:13but it wasn't born that way
55:15his ability
55:17pushed him to learn
55:19to discover
55:20and to master
55:21so much
55:22his theories
55:23and inventions
55:24that made it
55:25an immense man
55:25maybe we won't be
55:27all brilliant
55:28like Leonardo da Vinci
55:30but we can
55:31channel
55:31the spirit
55:32which made him
55:33so big
55:33in our work
55:34daily
55:35Leonardo did it
55:39so much
55:40in his life
55:41that I couldn't do
55:42to make everything fit
55:43in a single video
55:44Therefore
55:45if you want to know
55:46more about him
55:47I recommend you
55:48strongly
55:48to read the book
55:49Leonardo da Vinci
55:50by Walter Isaacson
55:52it's the best book
55:53about Leonardo da Vinci
55:54and if you arrived
55:56at this point
55:57of the video
55:57Thanks for watching
55:59we will see each other
55:59see you next video
56:00Thanks for watching
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