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Documentary, Her Majesty The Queen - 1926-2022 Part 1 - Queen Elizabeth II
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00:00Queen Elizabeth II, the longest reigning British monarch through war and peace, crisis and calm.
00:13Britain mourns a woman who dedicated her life to serving us.
00:18She left the country a princess and came back a queen.
00:21It was a very shocked nation that she came back to.
00:25An extraordinary woman who lived for more than two-thirds of her life on the throne.
00:31The coronation of Queen Elizabeth perhaps started a new era.
00:36She was the glue that held us together through social and political upheaval,
00:42our constant through times of turbulence and change.
00:46I think whenever there's been a major crisis in this country,
00:51the Queen has shown her ability to bring the country together.
00:56Head of state to 138 million of us,
01:00she's one of the 21st century's most recognisable faces
01:04and the first to reign through the television age.
01:07The Queen was the perfect role model for all of us.
01:11She showed a vocation of dedication to duty.
01:15Commander-in-Chief of the British Army, Navy and Air Force,
01:19she began talking to us over the airwaves when she was 14
01:23and was still talking to us until the end of her life.
01:27Good night and good luck to you all.
01:30During our darkest days, she gave voice to our feelings.
01:35While we may have more still to endure, better days will return.
01:40We will be with our friends again.
01:43We will be with our families again.
01:46We will meet again.
01:47We look at the extraordinary life of the woman
01:51who put duty to her country above all else
01:55and to ensure the monarchy were made relevant in modern Britain.
01:59Queen Elizabeth II was the longest reigning British monarch.
02:13When Elizabeth became queen in 1952,
02:17Stalin was still leader of the Soviet Union
02:19and Truman president of the US.
02:21By the end of her reign, she had supported more prime ministers
02:25and met more world leaders than any other British monarch in history.
02:31In a world which changes so very fast
02:33and in which people don't stay the same
02:36and don't undertake the same jobs
02:39and they move around and they sort of try all sorts of different things,
02:43it's completely remarkable that she was this calm,
02:48presiding presence over Britain for, you know, over 65 years.
02:53I mean, it's a very, very long time.
02:55She has always been there through the good times and the bad times.
02:58Over the decades, that sort of knitting together of the tapestry of our nation,
03:04she is the thread that pulls everything together.
03:14Born on the 21st of April, 1926,
03:18Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor
03:20was not originally destined to be queen.
03:23Her early years were spent as part of a tight-knit family
03:26referred to affectionately by her father as Us Four.
03:30She was known in childhood as Lilibet.
03:35She enjoyed a close relationship with both her parents,
03:39but it would be her strong bond with her father
03:42that would serve her in adulthood.
03:44In 1936, her family's life changed forever.
03:49Her uncle, King Edward VIII,
03:51chose to marry American divorcee Wallace Simpson.
03:55The scandal forced his abdication.
03:581936 was a very traumatic moment
04:00because Princess Elizabeth's beloved Uncle David,
04:05Edward VIII,
04:07betrayed his sacred trust.
04:11And it was a terrible moment of family shame,
04:14which was why throughout her reign,
04:17whenever there was talk of abdication,
04:18it was really out of the question.
04:21Elizabeth's father took his older brother's place
04:23and in May 1937 was crowned King George VI.
04:28Speaking from London,
04:30I asked you to join with me
04:34in that act of thanksgiving.
04:37He was forced into becoming a king in 1936
04:41with no training whatsoever,
04:43terrified that he wouldn't be a good constitutional king,
04:46with one great advantage,
04:47that he had a very strong wife
04:49who was able to support him
04:50and make him, turn him into a good constitutional king
04:53and give him the credit for that.
04:54Her shy, stuttering father
05:01had been left unprepared for the task of leading the nation,
05:05a nation which would shortly go to war.
05:08During the war,
05:10he and Prime Minister Winston Churchill
05:12rallied Britain to fight Germany and its allies.
05:16The king prepared his young daughter Elizabeth
05:18for the title that one day she would take,
05:21Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.
05:26The queen learned her job as queen
05:29in years of crisis after the abdication
05:31when it seemed the monarchy could actually vanish
05:35and be swept away.
05:38And the queen, Princess Elizabeth as she then was,
05:41took her cue from her father,
05:43from his sense of duty.
05:45She became his pupil.
05:51In 1940, following his example,
05:55at the age of 14,
05:57she made her first broadcast to children
05:59who'd been forced to evacuate their homes
06:02due to German bombing.
06:04Thousands of you in this country
06:06have had to leave your home
06:08and be separated from your fathers and mothers.
06:12My sister, Margaret Rose, and I
06:16feel so much for you
06:18as we know from experience
06:20what it means to be away
06:23from those we love most of all.
06:26My sister is by my side
06:28and we are both going to say goodnight to you.
06:32Come on, Margaret.
06:33Goodnight, children.
06:35Goodnight and good luck to you all.
06:38Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret
06:42spent most of the war years at Windsor Castle
06:45and, like many other British children,
06:47were often apart from their family.
06:54The queen's parents remained at Buckingham Palace
06:57despite the German bombs that fell nearby.
07:00When the war came along
07:02and the royal family decided
07:05to stay in the heart of London
07:06and risk the worst that the enemy had to offer,
07:12that was her second example of duty
07:14and how important it was
07:16and so duty became her watchword
07:18for the rest of her life.
07:21In September 1940,
07:24Buckingham Palace was hit
07:25while the queen's parents were in residence.
07:28The royal family's refusal to flee Britain
07:31showed them as a beacon of strength.
07:34The Windsors understood how important it was
07:37to stand shoulder to shoulder with the people.
07:40At first, the king ordained
07:41that his heir to the throne
07:43should not go into the services,
07:44but he was not the first father
07:46to be talked round by his daughter.
07:48He gave in to Princess Elizabeth
07:49and she became an efficient officer in the ATS.
07:53Two years after the war had ended,
07:55it was time for Princess Elizabeth
07:57to turn her attentions back to the family's duty.
08:03In 1947, she set sail on her first overseas tour,
08:08accompanying her parents through southern Africa.
08:11It was said to be her happiest time with her family.
08:15During the tour,
08:16in a broadcast to the British Commonwealth
08:18on her 21st birthday,
08:20she made the following pledge.
08:22I declare before you all
08:25that my whole life,
08:27whether it be long or short,
08:30shall be devoted to your service
08:32and to the service of our great imperial family
08:35to which we all belong.
08:38It was a declaration that rang true to the end.
08:44When she returned later that year,
08:46the princess went on to marry
08:48Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark.
08:50From the palace balcony,
08:53Elizabeth and her husband
08:54waved to the cheering crowd.
09:00For the public,
09:01the idea of a love match
09:03and their beloved princess being in love
09:06was so exciting to them.
09:08People after the war
09:09were desperate for some good news.
09:11By 1952,
09:13due to her father's failing health,
09:15the couple had begun taking over
09:16some of the king's engagements.
09:17It gives me great pleasure
09:19on behalf of my father
09:21to present this overmantle to you.
09:26But it soon became evident
09:28something was seriously wrong with the king.
09:32Nobody knew the king was ill.
09:34It had been kept secret
09:35even from the king himself
09:37that he had lung cancer.
09:38He was a man in his 50s.
09:40It was assumed that he would go on
09:42for another 20 years or so.
09:44As the crown became perhaps
09:46the single definite link
09:47between the nations of the Commonwealth,
09:49the importance of the royal family's travels
09:51was even more enhanced.
09:58On the 31st of January that year,
10:01she was waved off by her father
10:03as she departed for Kenya
10:04on a royal tour.
10:06It would be the last time
10:08she would see him alive.
10:09Just a week later,
10:11the king died in his sleep.
10:14He was only 56 years old.
10:19I was six.
10:21My father was then still a soldier.
10:24We were living in London, in Putney.
10:26And I have this memory of
10:29my father appearing sometime in the day
10:32when he should have been at work.
10:36And I can hear and see him now
10:38saying,
10:40my dear family,
10:42the king is dead.
10:44Overnight, her life changed.
10:47Never again would she be referred to
10:49as a princess.
10:50She returned to Britain
10:51as Queen Elizabeth II.
10:55Rulers of our land
10:56meet to welcome the new queen.
10:58I remember people crying in the streets,
11:01the newspapers with black,
11:02frames around them.
11:04Churchill himself broke down in tears,
11:06the prime minister.
11:07Virtually the only constant calm
11:10in this was the young
11:11Princess Elizabeth,
11:13Queen Elizabeth now,
11:14coming back from Africa,
11:17appearing at the head
11:18of the companionway
11:20going up to the plane.
11:21And somehow people felt,
11:23ah, the queen is here.
11:25We've got a queen.
11:26We've got a national figurehead.
11:28Now we can move on
11:30into some new age.
11:31Everybody says that
11:32she was calm,
11:35she was controlled,
11:37she immediately assumed the role
11:40and did it perfectly from the start
11:42and accepted that her senior advisers
11:45would be the people
11:46who had advised her father.
11:48The 25-year-old queen
11:54was thrust into one of the most demanding jobs
11:57in the world.
11:58And with millions watching,
12:00she would have to grieve for her father.
12:03She did so with dignity.
12:08She was catapulted into something.
12:11Yes, she was prepared for it,
12:12but she didn't believe for a moment
12:15that it was going to happen that quickly.
12:18And when she left the country a princess
12:20and came back a queen,
12:21it was a very shocked nation
12:24that she came back to.
12:29Although she was going to have to learn on the job,
12:32the young Queen Elizabeth
12:33would prove herself
12:34to be one of the most celebrated monarchs
12:36of the last three centuries.
12:44Trafalgar Square,
12:45with its crowds who have waited all night
12:47to greet Her Majesty.
12:51I here present unto you
12:53Queen Elizabeth,
12:55your undoubted queen.
12:58Will you solemnly promise and swear
13:00to govern the people
13:02of the United Kingdom
13:04of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
13:06and of your possessions
13:08and the other territories
13:10to any of them belonging or pertaining,
13:13according to their respective laws and customs?
13:17I solemnly promise so to do.
13:23On the 2nd of June, 1953,
13:26she was crowned
13:27in a ceremony at Westminster Abbey.
13:30After the gloom of post-war austerity,
13:33it was a moment of pride
13:35and optimism.
13:37The coronation was a great ceremony.
13:46It was essentially her marriage to the nation
13:48in Westminster Abbey,
13:49not long after she'd just been there before.
13:52And there she was,
13:52receiving the Auburn scepter,
13:54amazingly gowned.
13:56And it was an incredible moment
13:57for the nation.
13:58It really was.
13:59They were so thrilled to see her.
14:00Across the globe,
14:03millions tuned in
14:04to the first broadcast spectacular
14:06the world had seen.
14:08And at home,
14:09sales of televisions were boosted
14:10by the prospect
14:11of watching the new queen
14:13taking the coronation oath.
14:16The coronation was,
14:17I mean,
14:18the most fun.
14:19I was a schoolgirl then.
14:21And I remember getting my mother's diamond ring
14:26and scratching the date
14:28on a windowpane with it.
14:29And it was an amazing experience
14:32for all of us.
14:33And abroad, too.
14:35It was a huge spectacle.
14:37And I suppose you could say
14:39she was married to the nation,
14:41but she also was anointed by God.
14:44That's the point of that ceremony.
14:46And the queen being a religious person,
14:48I think that was an important part of it.
14:50I do remember that change
14:53that I'd grown up hearing about the king
14:55and suddenly I was now hearing about the queen.
15:00And I also remember at school,
15:02we were all presented with a coronation mug
15:04with a little bag of sweets inside.
15:07Now, you may say,
15:08so what?
15:08But actually,
15:09sweets were still very prized
15:11because it wasn't that long before
15:14that rationing had come off
15:16and different sorts of sweets
15:18were beginning to appear all the time.
15:20And they were exciting to a child then.
15:24Winning the war came at a price.
15:27The country had to be rebuilt
15:29and the economy was sluggish.
15:32The nation looked to their queen
15:34for inspiration and for encouragement.
15:37She would not fail them.
15:39The coronation of Queen Elizabeth
15:41perhaps started a new era
15:44and a sense of moving on
15:46after the dark days of the war
15:49and its immediate aftermath.
15:50When Britain was a place of rationing,
15:53food rationing,
15:54of bomb damage in all the cities,
15:57a new era and moving on.
16:01One of the queen's first tasks
16:04would be to persuade her prime minister,
16:06Winston Churchill,
16:07that she would be every bit as capable
16:10as her father.
16:12Initially,
16:13he wasn't thrilled at the thought
16:16of dealing with a new,
16:18young,
16:19very young woman
16:20as his monarch.
16:23But when he met her
16:24and started having audiences with her,
16:27my mother tells me
16:28that he very quickly melted.
16:31She charmed him,
16:33you know,
16:33with her youth and beauty.
16:35But also,
16:36I think,
16:36with her sense of seriousness
16:39and her complete recognition
16:41of what her role was
16:42right from the beginning.
16:45Churchill was then 77
16:47and a towering political figure.
16:49Aside from politics
16:51and running the country,
16:52they had a shared interest
16:53in horse racing
16:54and their private weekly meetings
16:57gradually grew
16:57from 30 minutes
16:59to two hours.
17:02He saw himself more
17:04as a sort of paternal figure
17:05after the death of the king.
17:08You know,
17:09he was an elder statesman.
17:10I think he felt
17:11it was important
17:12that he should guide her
17:13through the huge
17:16constitutional implications
17:17of her reign
17:18at such an early age.
17:20I think that she was
17:21very deferential to start with
17:23and felt that
17:24he was certainly,
17:25you know,
17:26helpful.
17:27The fact is,
17:28you're in a room
17:28with Winston Churchill,
17:30one of our greatest ever statesmen,
17:33and it must have been
17:34quite daunting
17:34for a young queen
17:35in her mid-20s
17:36to actually just deal
17:38with that situation.
17:39But I think within a few years,
17:41she began to appreciate
17:44that this was a wily politician
17:46and her role
17:47was completely different.
17:48Her strong religious conviction
17:53meant that duty
17:55to the country
17:55and the Commonwealth
17:56would come before anything else.
17:59The queen's belief
18:00was that her role
18:01was to give herself
18:02to the nation.
18:08Britain was struggling
18:09to find its place
18:10in a new era
18:11and was faced
18:12with a stark identity crisis.
18:15The glory days
18:16of an empire
18:17that covered the world
18:18were coming to an end
18:19as former colonies
18:21demanded their independence.
18:23The countries formed a group
18:25called the British Commonwealth
18:26with the queen
18:27as their head.
18:33On the 24th of November, 1953,
18:36she began a world tour
18:38of Britain's colonies
18:39and the Commonwealth.
18:40It was one of the most significant
18:42royal tours of all time,
18:44covering 40,000 miles
18:46and several continents
18:48by air, sea and road.
18:50From the tiny South Pacific islands
18:53of Fiji
18:53to the capital of Uganda,
18:56her mission was vitally important.
18:58The greatest royal tour
19:01the queen undertook
19:02was in 1953 and 54
19:04after her coronation.
19:06And it actually had two roles.
19:08One was to be greeted everywhere
19:09as the new queen,
19:10but it was also
19:11the first chance
19:12that Britain had
19:14to go out to the empire
19:15and the Commonwealth
19:16and say,
19:16thank you for supporting us
19:18in World War II.
19:22She was the first British monarch
19:24to set foot
19:25on Australian soil.
19:27With Republican sentiment rising,
19:30the visit would play
19:31an important part
19:32in keeping the queen
19:33as Australia's head of state.
19:36Standing at last
19:37on Australian soil,
19:39on this spot
19:40that is the birthplace
19:42of the nation,
19:43I want to tell you all
19:45how happy I am
19:47to be amongst you
19:48and how much
19:50I look forward
19:51to my journey
19:52through Australia.
20:00There was a feeling
20:01in Australia
20:01that, you know,
20:02the time for queens
20:03and kings
20:04and pomp and circumstance
20:05is nothing to do
20:06with Australia anymore.
20:08And the way that she
20:09and her young husband,
20:10Prince Philip,
20:12were so natural
20:13and unpretentious
20:15and was so obviously
20:16delighted
20:17when children
20:18and people
20:19came out to see her.
20:20Won over
20:21all the doubters
20:23and, yes,
20:25people really felt
20:25she was queen of Australia
20:27as well as queen
20:28of Pommeland.
20:34The end of the British Empire
20:36was drawing to a close
20:37after India
20:38and Pakistan
20:39were finally granted
20:41their independence
20:41in 1947.
20:43Of course it was a time
20:45when we changed,
20:47we changed gear,
20:49we moved down a gear,
20:50as it were.
20:51Compared with other countries,
20:53the Belgians,
20:54the French,
20:55and so on,
20:55I think we did it
20:56quite successfully
20:57and quite gracefully.
20:59And the queen
21:00played a large part
21:02in, as it were,
21:06creating the atmosphere
21:07in which the running down
21:10of the empire
21:10was, I don't say welcomed,
21:13but accepted.
21:17Unlike any other
21:19public figure,
21:20the queen was a
21:21politically neutral
21:22head of state
21:23who united
21:24the Commonwealth countries
21:25around her.
21:26She would never be able
21:27to express an opinion
21:28publicly.
21:29Instead,
21:30she could provide
21:31a vital role
21:32in promoting
21:33the interest
21:34of the former colonies.
21:38She was the catalyst,
21:39for example,
21:40when she attended
21:41the Commonwealth
21:42Heads of Government
21:43meetings,
21:44in whatever country
21:45it was held,
21:46every two years.
21:47And there might have been
21:48differences of opinion
21:49between two countries.
21:51She would speak
21:52to those heads of government
21:53of those countries,
21:54and she'd be
21:56a sort of messenger
21:57between the two
21:59and eventually
22:01at the end
22:02of the Heads of Government
22:03meeting the two leaders
22:04would be talking.
22:05So she was a sort of
22:05catalyst
22:06between political leaders.
22:09Very clever at that.
22:14But as the 1950s
22:16came to an end,
22:17the queen would be
22:18challenged once again
22:19to reinvigorate
22:20the monarchy
22:21as the post-war
22:22patriotic traditions
22:24were replaced
22:25with the rebellious
22:26counterculture
22:27of the 1960s.
22:29Britain was completely
22:30different from the beginning
22:31of the 50s
22:32to the end.
22:32I mean,
22:32at the start,
22:33it was still post-war,
22:34it was still austerity,
22:36there were children
22:36who'd never seen a banana.
22:37By the end of the 50s,
22:39it was money,
22:40it was glamour,
22:41Britain was rich again,
22:42and it was riding high,
22:44moving towards the 60s,
22:45the miniskirts,
22:46Carnaby Street,
22:47the Beatles.
22:47Well, the great hangover
22:50of wartime was gone.
22:52In its place,
22:53a vibrant cultural revolution.
22:55Britain had become world famous
22:57for pop music and fashion.
23:01And that was something
23:03our sovereign had no problem
23:05keeping up with.
23:06From the nipped in waists
23:08and full skirts of the 50s
23:10to embracing the jackets
23:11and hats of the 60s.
23:13Well, actually,
23:14as a young woman,
23:15she was very quite flamboyant
23:17and wore very beautiful clothes.
23:23The Queen was cultivating
23:24an iconic look.
23:27So she would choose
23:28bright, clear, vibrant colours,
23:31yellow, lime green, blue,
23:33whatever,
23:33so to distance,
23:34you could see that
23:35this was the Queen.
23:39A monarch,
23:40a style icon,
23:41and a mother.
23:42By 1964,
23:44the Queen had given birth
23:45to four children.
23:46Prince Charles,
23:48Princess Anne,
23:48the Princess Royal,
23:49Prince Andrew,
23:50the Duke of York,
23:52and Prince Edward,
23:53the Earl of Wessex.
23:59The family lived
24:01at Buckingham Palace
24:02for most of the time,
24:03but spent holidays
24:04at the Queen's
24:05Scottish estate
24:06of Balmoral
24:06and Sandringham
24:08in Norfolk,
24:08where they enjoyed
24:10a love of the great outdoors.
24:11The Queen balancing
24:13the demands of married life
24:14with being head of state.
24:16And right from the beginning,
24:17it was accepted
24:18that Prince Philip
24:19would be the head of the family.
24:22She'd wear the crown,
24:23but he'd wear the trousers.
24:24So all the decisions
24:25about the fabric
24:27of their homes,
24:28the domestic decisions,
24:30the big important decisions,
24:32would be taken by him.
24:33Where the children went to school,
24:34all that sort of thing
24:35was in his remit.
24:38He also said
24:38on several occasions
24:39that unlike other men,
24:41he was relieved
24:42from the necessity
24:43to earn his own living.
24:45So he was able
24:46to concentrate
24:46on other matters.
24:48And he took on,
24:48for example,
24:49the running of,
24:50you know,
24:51of the estates
24:52at Sandringham
24:52and at Windsor.
24:54The Queen,
24:55you know,
24:55in a time,
24:57let's be honest,
24:58of chauvinism,
24:59where most women
25:03did not have careers.
25:05There were no leaders
25:06of companies.
25:07There were certainly
25:08no senior politicians
25:10that were women.
25:12And yet this woman,
25:13at 25,
25:14was at the helm
25:15of our government
25:18and our constitutional
25:19monarchical system.
25:21During the intensely
25:29political 1960s,
25:31the Queen's media coverage
25:33receded
25:34as newspapers
25:35and TV channels
25:36devoted more time
25:37to stories elsewhere
25:38and she tended
25:40to her young family.
25:42But as her duty required,
25:44she was working
25:44behind the scenes,
25:46gaining invaluable experience
25:47and sharing it.
25:50I was struck by
25:51her intelligence
25:52and her interest
25:53in her work.
25:55You know,
25:55that she talked
25:56to all these
25:57prime ministers
25:58from Churchill on
25:59to all these presidents.
26:01She'd have a meeting
26:02every week
26:03with her prime minister.
26:05No notes taken,
26:06nobody in there
26:07but her
26:07and the prime minister.
26:09And all prime ministers
26:10have said
26:11how they valued
26:12her wise counsel
26:13because whatever
26:14they came up with,
26:16she had certainly
26:16been there before.
26:17She'd heard
26:17the same arguments,
26:18she'd heard
26:19the same political posturing,
26:20she'd heard
26:21of the same problems,
26:23be it in a different country.
26:24So she was able
26:25to offer
26:25not necessarily advice
26:27but voice up
26:29her opinion
26:30based on
26:31what she had seen
26:32and what she had
26:33discussed
26:34with other leaders.
26:34The royal family
26:37had to find a new way
26:39of keeping themselves
26:40in the public eye
26:41in this new era.
26:43The answer
26:43came from television.
26:46In 1969,
26:47a fly-on-the-wall documentary
26:49was made
26:49on the royal family
26:50which drew in
26:51millions of viewers.
26:53Later that same year,
26:55the investiture ceremony
26:56of the Prince of Wales
26:57was also televised.
26:59But the old
27:00respectful attitude
27:02between the media
27:03and the monarch
27:03was coming to an end.
27:09What it did do,
27:10it lifted up
27:11the shutters,
27:13it destroyed
27:13the mystique
27:14of the royal family,
27:15put on the spotlights
27:17of them forever
27:18and therefore
27:20the rest of the media
27:21thought,
27:22well,
27:22if they performed
27:22in front of the television
27:23cameras,
27:24they're fair game
27:24for anybody else
27:25and it was a sort
27:27of slippery slope
27:28ever since.
27:33The Queen
27:33spent her time
27:34on her country estates
27:36where she felt
27:37most at ease
27:38out of the public eye
27:39and wherever she went,
27:41her beloved dogs
27:42went too.
27:43She had more than
27:4430 dogs
27:44during her reign
27:45and her favourite breed
27:47were Corkies.
27:49The thing about
27:49the relationship
27:50between the Queen
27:51and her dogs
27:52especially
27:52is because they don't
27:53know she's the Queen
27:54and when they
27:56bite her
27:56and nip at her
27:58and they behave badly,
28:00she scolds them
28:01like naughty children
28:02and they don't know
28:03that she's
28:04the head of state
28:05of a huge country
28:06and the Commonwealth
28:07and I think
28:08that's a great relationship.
28:10Horses were
28:11the other passion,
28:12not just riding them
28:13but breeding them
28:14as well.
28:15Just parallel bars
28:17followed by
28:18a post and rails
28:19and he seems
28:20to be able
28:20to hold that clear.
28:21He's coming out
28:22to present
28:24her cup
28:24and managed
28:26to handing
28:26the cup
28:26to a major board.
28:28In 1969
28:29the Queen appointed
28:30Henry Carnarvon
28:32as her racing manager.
28:34He was one of
28:34the Queen's
28:35oldest
28:35and most valued
28:37friends.
28:38She called him
28:38by his school name
28:40Porchy
28:40after his courtesy title
28:42Lord Porchester.
28:44Friends from childhood
28:45they bonded
28:46over a love
28:47of horses.
28:51My father
28:51and the Queen
28:52knew each other
28:52as children
28:53and they met
28:54going to the
28:55tea parties
28:56and that kind of thing.
28:59My parents
29:01asked the Queen
29:02if she would be
29:03my godmother
29:03and that was
29:04a great honour
29:05and we have
29:06a black and white
29:07photograph here
29:07of her holding me
29:09at the christening
29:09at Highclere Church.
29:10Lord Carnarvon
29:13helped breed
29:14a string of winners
29:15for Her Majesty
29:15and she'd visit him
29:17at his stud farm
29:18on the estate
29:18of Highclere Castle.
29:21When I was a very
29:22small boy
29:23the Queen
29:25used to come to
29:25where I grew up
29:26at Milford Lakehouse
29:27on the estate.
29:29She's always been
29:29very good
29:30with young people
29:31children
29:31and I always had
29:32great memories of her.
29:35With Lord Carnarvon
29:36she shared
29:36her deep knowledge
29:37and passion
29:38for the science
29:39of breeding horses.
29:41There'd be all
29:42talk of how
29:42different bloodlines
29:43were doing
29:44how a stallion
29:45was coming on
29:46all the things
29:47like the condition
29:47of the grass
29:48it's the small details
29:50the Queen
29:51was always very passionate
29:52about getting right.
30:00The Queen's horses
30:01won more than
30:021600 races
30:04making her
30:05one of the most
30:05successful racehorse
30:07owners in history.
30:09for a person
30:14who's passionate
30:15about the
30:16whole idea
30:17of breeding
30:18and racing
30:19to see that
30:21your horse
30:22is finally
30:23going past
30:24the winning
30:24post first
30:25is the most
30:27exciting thing
30:28going really.
30:28The 1970s
30:37were a challenging
30:38period for both
30:39Queen and country
30:40now in her
30:41mid-forties
30:42her reign
30:42was faced
30:43with mounting
30:44problems
30:45at home
30:45and abroad
30:46Northern Ireland
30:48was gripped
30:49by intense
30:49sectarian
30:50violence
30:51Britain
30:52was facing
30:53power cuts
30:54strikes
30:55and a winter
30:56of discontent
30:57and unemployment
30:59topped the
31:00one million mark
31:01for the first time
31:02since the 1930s.
31:05It was pretty tough
31:05in the 70s
31:06there were a lot
31:06of industrial action
31:07there were three
31:08day working weeks
31:09and people were
31:10struggling
31:11inflation was
31:12beginning to rise
31:13unemployment
31:14was rising.
31:16It was under
31:17this dark cloud
31:18of recession
31:19that plans
31:19were being made
31:20to celebrate
31:21the Queen's
31:22silver jubilee.
31:24In 77
31:25if we'd had
31:26a rather
31:26stately
31:27dignified
31:28jubilee
31:29the nation
31:30wouldn't really
31:31have worn it
31:32terribly well.
31:33This was reflected
31:34to a certain extent
31:35in the popular culture
31:36which was very rebellious
31:37I mean you think
31:38of the punk culture
31:39you think of the
31:40huge student
31:40demonstrations
31:41it was a bit
31:42of a rather
31:43grumpy
31:44discontented
31:45nation.
31:46Suddenly
31:46the Queen
31:47decides
31:47we're all
31:48going to have
31:49a part.
31:50The Queen
31:51always acutely
31:52aware of the mood
31:53of her public
31:54chose to make
31:55a much more
31:56informal approach.
31:58The Queen
31:58really started
32:00doing her
32:01walkabouts
32:01that was introduced
32:02in 1977
32:03and the media
32:05kind of looked
32:05at it and said
32:06wow this new
32:07phenomenon
32:07the Queen
32:08is doing a
32:09walkabout.
32:12The walkabouts
32:13were a huge
32:14success
32:14and prepared
32:15the way
32:16for the party
32:16of the decade
32:17Queen Elizabeth
32:18II's
32:19Silver Jubilee
32:20An estimated
32:22one million people
32:23lined the streets
32:24in the hope
32:25of catching
32:25a glimpse
32:26of the royal family
32:27A further
32:28500 million people
32:30around the Commonwealth
32:31watched the day's events
32:32on live television
32:33Red, white
32:35and blue bunting
32:36decorated the streets
32:38and villages
32:38as the people
32:39of Britain
32:40came together
32:40to celebrate
32:42the first
32:4225 years
32:44of the Queen's reign
32:45everybody's arranging
32:48street parties
32:48talking to neighbours
32:50they've scarcely known
32:51long trestle
32:52tables
32:53The royal family
32:56was flying high
32:58But two years
33:05after the joy
33:06of the Jubilee
33:06violence
33:07in Northern Ireland
33:08struck at the heart
33:10of the Queen's family
33:11The royal carriages
33:12turned up
33:12into the mouth
33:13Prince Philip's uncle
33:14Earl Louis
33:15Mountbatten
33:16was assassinated
33:17while on his fishing boat
33:19in the Republic
33:19of Ireland
33:20One of his twin
33:21grandsons
33:22was also killed
33:24The murder
33:25of Lord Louis
33:26Mountbatten
33:27affected the whole
33:27of the royal family
33:28He was a surrogate uncle
33:29almost a surrogate father
33:31to Prince Charles
33:32It was a terrible moment
33:35for the Queen
33:36when Lord Mountbatten
33:37was blown up
33:39by the IRA
33:40But those were the years
33:42when that sort of thing
33:43happened
33:43Shortly after that
33:44there was the attempt
33:45on Mrs Thatcher
33:46and prominent members
33:48of the Conservative Party
33:49were killed
33:50Her eye was always
33:53on the long term
33:54and on reconciliation
33:56While the royal family
34:00mourned
34:00the loss of Mountbatten
34:02the Irish Republican Army
34:04said they had carried out
34:05the attack
34:06Hours after the bombing
34:1218 British soldiers
34:14were killed
34:15near the Irish Republic border
34:17The Queen and her family
34:23were now targets
34:24in the IRA's
34:25increasingly bloody
34:26bombing campaign
34:27aimed at securing
34:29Irish unification
34:30The Queen was very much
34:32a war baby
34:33in many ways
34:33So when she was confronted
34:39in the 70s and 80s
34:40and right up into
34:42the new century
34:43by all the challenges
34:44of terrorism
34:45she herself
34:47never flinched
34:48For the first time
34:49since the war
34:50Queen Elizabeth
34:51felt the gaze
34:52of a dangerous enemy
34:53The threat was real
34:56it was constant
34:57We know now
34:58former IRA men
34:59who did plot
35:00and plan
35:01to do harm
35:01to members
35:02of the royal family
35:03and possibly
35:04the Queen herself
35:05But echoing
35:07her mother
35:07and father's refusal
35:08to abandon
35:09Buckingham Palace
35:10after it was bombed
35:11in 1940
35:12Queen Elizabeth
35:13in typical
35:14dutiful fashion
35:15rejected security measures
35:17that would stop her
35:18interacting with her people
35:20She remembered
35:21how her parents
35:22had said
35:23we will never leave
35:25and we will never
35:26leave the children
35:27and we will never
35:28leave London
35:28in the course
35:29of the Second World War
35:30That to her
35:31was the example
35:32of courage
35:32that she followed
35:34for the rest of her life
35:35The Queen's courage
35:39and stoicism
35:40was tested again
35:41in the most bizarre
35:42circumstances
35:43In 1982
35:4531-year-old Michael Fagin
35:47broke into her bedroom
35:49in Buckingham Palace
35:50and spoke to the Queen
35:51for up to 10 minutes
35:53before she managed
35:54to phone for help
35:55The Queen later joked about it
35:59She said
35:59I summoned myself up
36:01to my full height
36:01she was 5 foot 2
36:02and said
36:04go away immediately
36:05Throughout her reign
36:10the Queen and her family
36:11have been a focal point
36:13for public interest
36:14and never more so
36:15than in 1981
36:17when her eldest son Charles
36:19married Diana Spencer
36:21The day was witnessed
36:24by a worldwide audience
36:26of 750 million people
36:29Wilt thou have this woman
36:31to thy wedded wife
36:32I will
36:34and forsaking all other
36:36keep thee only unto him
36:38so long as you both
36:41shall live
36:41I will
36:42The nation was in the grip
36:50of royal fever
36:51and the media focus
36:52shifted away from the Queen
36:54onto the younger generation
36:55of royals
36:56The Charles-Diana marriage
37:01was a defining moment
37:04in the history
37:05of our royalty
37:06Looking back on it
37:08you can say yes
37:08there was before
37:09the Diana marriage
37:11and there was after
37:12the Diana marriage
37:13and they were two
37:14completely different types
37:15of world for the royals
37:16The Queen's modesty
37:20meant that
37:21when Charles married Diana
37:24she quite happily
37:26took a back seat
37:27It didn't go as she expected
37:30No one could have foreseen
37:32the media frenzy
37:33surrounding Diana
37:34In the decade that followed
37:37the royal family
37:38was subjected to
37:39unprecedented attention
37:40from the media
37:41What had once been deference
37:43was replaced by a hunger
37:45for royal gossip
37:46During this time
37:48the Queen's ability
37:49to keep pace
37:49with public opinion
37:50would be tested
37:52as she battled
37:53to keep her family together
37:54and preserve public respect
37:56for her position
37:57as sovereign
37:58One year
38:03after the royal wedding
38:05Charles and Diana
38:06had their first son
38:07William
38:08William's brother Harry
38:11was born two years later
38:12but their parents'
38:14marriage problems
38:15were already
38:16making news
38:17To see Charles and Diana
38:21at war on the TV screens
38:23for the benefit of viewers
38:24wanting to know the intimate details
38:25of the breakdown of their marriage
38:27must have been very difficult
38:28for her to take
38:29especially a woman of her generation
38:30who would never be used to
38:32airing her dirty washing outside
38:34to see her son and daughter-in-law
38:36going to war like this
38:38for the TV cameras
38:39was a very difficult pill to swallow
38:41By the late 1980s
38:44it became apparent
38:45that the marriage
38:46between Charles and Diana
38:47was on the rocks
38:49Her door was always open
38:52to both her son
38:54the Prince of Wales
38:55and to Princess of Wales
38:59to Diana as well
39:00right through
39:01the most difficult period
39:02In the end of course
39:03the consensus was
39:04that it would be better
39:05for both of them
39:06and for the monarchy
39:07to divorce
39:09The Queen
39:12as she'd been doing
39:13for more than 30 years
39:14was offering counsel
39:16and advice where appropriate
39:17but nothing could stem
39:19the tide of media obsession
39:21with Diana
39:221992 was to be one of the Queen's
39:37most difficult years
39:38three of her children
39:40Prince Charles
39:41Prince Andrew
39:42and Princess Anne
39:43would announce
39:44they were divorcing
39:45or separating
39:47It's entirely enough
39:48to be a personal
39:49thing between the Duke and I
39:51and nobody else
39:52and if you refer to the statement
39:54made yesterday
39:54you will see
39:55that there is
39:56that's it
39:57nothing else to say
39:58Policemen clear the way
40:00for the Princess this evening
40:01as she leaves a London hotel
40:03grim-faced
40:04but £17 million richer
40:06after her divorce deal
40:07The Queen was very
40:08distressed
40:10by the breakdown
40:11of her children's marriages
40:12and she always
40:13coerced them
40:15and said
40:15please wait
40:16please think about it
40:17why don't you have
40:18a trial separation
40:19all of them
40:20she didn't want
40:21any of them
40:22to get divorced
40:23and she begged them
40:24to try
40:25and I mean
40:26obviously as we know
40:27Charles and Diana
40:28really did try
40:29but it didn't work
40:30as well as that
40:33marital breakdown
40:34there would be
40:35further adversity
40:36for the Queen
40:37on the evening
40:40of the Queen's
40:4145th wedding anniversary
40:42a fire swept
40:44through her home
40:45at Windsor Castle
40:45destroying priceless
40:47heirlooms
40:48and gutting
40:49several rooms
40:50in the royal apartments
40:51paintings hastily removed
40:53from the walls
40:54Rembrandts
40:55Gainsborough's
40:56an immense collection
40:57of irreplaceable art
40:58shock
40:59horror
41:00shock and horror
41:02in the fact that it took
41:03hold so quickly
41:04there's nothing more
41:06British than
41:07than Windsor Castle
41:08so if there's a fire
41:10there that starts
41:11and it starts by mistake
41:12the natural thing
41:14is to say
41:14this is part of our heritage
41:16of course we must
41:18we must
41:19we must repair this
41:21but the question
41:23of who should pay
41:24turned into one of the most
41:26controversial topics
41:27of the year
41:28the media
41:29in particular
41:30the tabloids
41:31were running riot
41:32you know
41:32at that time
41:33not just on the monarchy
41:34but on lots
41:35of other things
41:36and caused a bit
41:37of an outcry
41:38why should all this
41:40be paid for
41:41by the public
41:43Windsor Castle
41:44was not insured
41:46and public criticism
41:48mounted at the proposed
41:49cost of the repairs
41:50and by implication
41:51the cost of the Queen
41:53if the royals were saying
41:56we want to be like you
41:57we want to be able
41:58to divorce
41:58we want to be able
41:59to acknowledge
41:59unhappy marriages
42:00we want to be able
42:01to split up
42:01we want to be able
42:02to have custody
42:03arrangements for our children
42:04and we were saying
42:05well if you're so much
42:06like us
42:06why aren't you paying tax
42:07under extraordinary pressure
42:09the Queen
42:10made a remarkable speech
42:12referring to an
42:13Annus Horribilis
42:15her year of horrors
42:161992 is not a year
42:22on which I shall look back
42:24with undiluted pleasure
42:26in the words
42:29of one of my more
42:31sympathetic correspondents
42:32it has turned out
42:34to be
42:35an Annus
42:36Horribilis
42:37this was a defining period
42:41in Elizabeth II's reign
42:43just a few days
42:44after her speech
42:45it was announced
42:46that the Queen
42:47would pay tax
42:48on her income
42:49the Prime Minister
42:50John Major
42:51revealed a reform
42:52of the civil list
42:53the government funding
42:55given to the Queen's household
42:56but there were other changes
42:58to the monarchy's
42:59relationship with the people
43:00the Queen opened
43:02large parts
43:03of her great palaces
43:04to the public
43:05so out of that
43:07came something rather good
43:08and that financing
43:09of the restoration
43:11of Windsor
43:12with the existing
43:14public payments
43:16for the monarchy
43:17which were not increased
43:18topped up
43:19with the takings
43:20from the public openings
43:22of Buckingham Palace
43:23and Windsor Castle
43:24did pay for that restoration
43:27and continues to
43:28help pay for the
43:30upkeep and maintenance
43:32of the royal collection
43:34after the soul-searching
43:40of her Annus Horribilis
43:42she could have been forgiven
43:43for taking some time out
43:45but she did the opposite
43:47redoubling her efforts
43:49and packing her diary
43:501992 clearly was a terrible year
43:54but the most important thing
43:56about the Queen
43:56was the sense of constancy
43:58I think there you see
43:59the duality of the Queen's role
44:01and duty, duty, duty
44:03she had already visited
44:05nearly a hundred countries
44:07and she was to visit
44:08many more
44:09dedicating herself
44:10to service
44:11continuing to provide
44:13the United Kingdom
44:13and the Commonwealth
44:14with a powerful
44:16non-political figurehead
44:18the Queen
44:20the Queen last visited
44:21South Africa
44:22aged 21
44:24and had not visited
44:25during the apartheid years
44:27so when she returned
44:28nearly 50 years later
44:30she was greeted
44:31by the new president
44:32Nelson Mandela
44:34Nelson Mandela
44:36of course
44:37represented something
44:38to the Queen
44:38which was very important
44:40indeed
44:40which was the return
44:41of South Africa
44:42to the Commonwealth
44:43I mean
44:43it's the first thing
44:44he did virtually
44:45when he became President
44:46they enjoyed a warm
44:48and long-lasting friendship
44:49to have suffered
44:51what he did
44:53and to have
44:54achieved what he did
44:55in his life
44:57is remarkable
44:58and I think the Queen
44:58was truly impressed by him
45:00after his release
45:02the Queen was at
45:04a Commonwealth
45:05heads of government meeting
45:06and there was a
45:07dinner for all the
45:08heads of government
45:09and it was in fact
45:10the Queen
45:10that said
45:11don't you think
45:12we ought to have
45:13Nelson along
45:14he wasn't
45:14leader of South Africa
45:16then or anything
45:17actually
45:17how was the Queen
45:19Mr. Mandela
45:19oh the Queen
45:20is always very
45:21generous
45:22very gracious
45:23she's a wonderful lady
45:24bidding farewell
45:37to her new friend
45:38she returned home
45:40on the Royal Yacht
45:41Britannia
45:42the Royal Yacht
45:50Britannia
45:51had faithfully
45:52served her family
45:53and country
45:53for more than
45:5440 years
45:55but it had become
45:57increasingly expensive
45:58to maintain
45:59in 1997
46:00it was decommissioned
46:02well the Queen
46:03famously shed
46:04her one and only
46:05public tear
46:06when HMS
46:07Britannia
46:07was decommissioned
46:08in 1997
46:09she was devastated
46:10and for a woman
46:11who we never
46:12were used to seeing
46:13her show her emotions
46:14or wear her heart
46:15on her sleeve
46:16for her to be crying
46:17waving off that vessel
46:18was really something
46:19quite extraordinary
46:20for everyone
46:21suddenly I think
46:23all the memories
46:24flooding back
46:25the wonderful holidays
46:27they had there
46:28on that yacht
46:28and the family
46:30was reared
46:30on that yacht
46:31and she shed a tear
46:34then
46:34but otherwise
46:35she's just
46:35a very stoic
46:36very stoic woman
46:37she never ever
46:38let her feelings show
46:39the 1990s
46:45was a turbulent
46:46time for the Queen
46:47and one of the darkest
46:49periods of her reign
46:50was the death
46:51of Diana
46:52Princess of Wales
46:53on the 31st of August
46:591997
47:00a car
47:01carrying Diana
47:02crashed at high speed
47:04in a tunnel
47:05in Paris
47:06Diana died
47:09shortly afterwards
47:10in hospital
47:11her sons
47:14Prince William
47:14and Prince Harry
47:15were spending the summer
47:17with the Queen
47:17at Balmoral
47:18when the news
47:19came through
47:19the Queen
47:21took the decision
47:22as a grandmother
47:23to keep them there
47:25to unplug the televisions
47:26and to protect
47:28her teenage grandsons
47:29at Balmoral
47:30their focus
47:31was to look after
47:32William and Harry
47:32in the hours
47:34and days
47:35that followed
47:35there were
47:36unprecedented
47:37public displays
47:38of grief
47:39at Diana's death
47:41the Queen herself
47:49has a
47:50has a general
47:50principle
47:51that the way
47:52to get on
47:52with life
47:52is to
47:53get on
47:54with one's
47:54routine
47:55no matter what
47:56and that's what
47:56stood her
47:56in brilliant stead
47:58throughout
47:58a very hard
47:59throughout
47:59lots of troubles
48:00in her reign
48:01but it didn't work
48:02here
48:02it was an utter
48:03failure
48:03and what people
48:05wanted from their
48:05Queen
48:06was not carrying
48:07on
48:07was not stiff
48:08up her lip
48:08they wanted emotion
48:09they wanted feeling
48:10they wanted to be
48:11told how to feel
48:12on the 5th of September
48:22a day before
48:23Diana's funeral
48:24the Queen
48:25returned to London
48:26and gave a
48:27heartfelt address
48:29to the nation
48:29from a balcony
48:30in Buckingham Palace
48:32her message
48:33was broadcast live
48:35so what I say
48:37to you now
48:37as your Queen
48:39and as a grandmother
48:40I say
48:41from my heart
48:42first
48:44I want to pay
48:45tribute
48:45to Diana
48:46myself
48:46she was an
48:48exceptional
48:49and gifted
48:50human being
48:50in good times
48:52and bad
48:53she never lost
48:55her capacity
48:55to smile
48:56and laugh
48:57nor to inspire
48:58others
48:59with her warmth
49:00and kindness
49:00she was talking
49:02to us
49:02as a Queen
49:03and as a grandmother
49:04it was perhaps
49:05the most intimate
49:06the Queen
49:06has got
49:06with the nation
49:07in a public
49:08broadcast
49:08of that type
49:09and that I think
49:10really helped
49:11to reassure people
49:11look at the end
49:12of the day
49:13she's head of state
49:14but she's also
49:14a woman who cares too
49:15and that really helped
49:16rehabilitate her image
49:18in what was a very
49:19difficult time for her
49:20Prime Minister
49:22Tony Blair
49:22had worked closely
49:24with the Queen
49:24in the aftermath
49:25of Diana's death
49:26a few months later
49:29he paid tribute
49:30to the Queen
49:31at a Thanksgiving dinner
49:32held for Her Majesty
49:34and Prince Philip
49:34to mark their 50th
49:36wedding anniversary
49:37you spoke ma'am
49:38in 1992
49:39of the Annas
49:40Horribilis
49:41you had endured
49:41this year too
49:43the tragedy
49:44of the death
49:45of Diana
49:45Princess of Wales
49:47has put you
49:48and those closest
49:49to you
49:49through a terrible
49:51terrible test
49:52you sought
49:55at all times
49:56as a family
49:57to help
49:58and do the best
49:59by the boys
50:00and that is the way
50:01it should have been
50:02and was
50:03with unusual frankness
50:05the Queen
50:06then thanked the public
50:07for their support
50:08this has given us
50:11strength
50:11most recently
50:13during the sad days
50:15after the tragedy
50:16of Diana's death
50:17it is you
50:20if I may now speak
50:21to all of you
50:22directly
50:23who have seen us
50:24through
50:25and helped us
50:26to make our duty
50:27fun
50:27we are deeply
50:30grateful to you
50:31each and every one
50:32and she praised
50:35Prince Philip
50:36for being her
50:37great companion
50:38he is someone
50:40who doesn't
50:40take easily
50:41to compliments
50:42but he has
50:43quite simply
50:44been my strength
50:45and stay
50:46all these years
50:47and I
50:48and his whole family
50:50and this
50:51and many other countries
50:52owe him a debt
50:54greater than he would
50:55ever claim
50:56or we shall ever know
50:57Prince Philip
50:58was the first man
51:00that the Queen
51:01ever fell in love with
51:02at the age of 13
51:04and she was very proud
51:05of the fact
51:06that she loved him
51:08throughout their life
51:09I think it was
51:10an incredibly
51:11supportive marriage
51:12I think we were
51:13immensely lucky
51:14to have him
51:15I mean I was lucky
51:16enough sometimes
51:16to see them together
51:17and it was extraordinary
51:18how well in tune
51:20they were
51:21and it was
51:23that he could
51:24have a great
51:25experience
51:25for all
51:26the people
51:26that they were
51:28who died
51:29and they loved
51:30and they loved
51:31him
51:32and they loved
51:32their father
51:33and they loved
51:34and they loved
51:35how well
51:35the world
51:36loved
51:37and they loved
51:38him
51:39and he loved
51:40that
51:42and he loved
51:44the world
51:45and he loved
51:45him
51:47but
51:47I mean
51:48he loved
51:48because
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