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00:00Fort Lanser, doomed Belgian obstacle in Germany's path.
00:21The fort's guardians, among the first of the war's millions of casualties.
00:30In the opening months, the mould for a new kind of war was cast in the West.
00:35Industrialised states locked in conflict.
00:38Over 7 million men armed with the latest technology.
00:4211 million civilians under brutal occupation.
01:007 million civilians under brutal occupation.
01:05At the endorphins turned around in a small-town.
01:12The fort's guardians took place at the Diamond of the Huldu.
01:1622 million civilians under brutal occupation.
01:20A rare wartime recording of Kaiser Wilhelm II addressing the German people.
01:50The German people overfällt uns der Feind.
01:53Noch nie war Deutschland überwunden, wenn es einig war,
01:59vorwärts mit Gott, der mit uns sein wird, wie er mit den Vätern war.
02:20Deutschland, mit 3.8 Millionen Menschen,
02:24hat eine ähnliche Fremde wie sie in der Westen,
02:27aber 3 Millionen Russen waren in der Westen.
02:32Die Ausgaben waren zwischen zwei Fronten,
02:36und sie konnte sie nicht einfach durch die Fremde der Fortschritte durch die Grenze.
02:42Aber die Fremde der Belgien waren stärker.
02:50The idea of going through Belgium was General Schlieffen's,
02:53his way of storming into France and encircling the French army.
02:59But Schlieffen had retired in 1905,
03:02and by 1914 his successors had no illusion
03:05that there was any swift victory to be had in a two-front war.
03:09Indeed, at the start of Germany's war there was an air of pessimism,
03:13desperation, improvisation.
03:20General von Moltke, the German commander,
03:28acknowledged the uncertainties.
03:31I will do what I can.
03:33We are not superior to the French.
03:35The Germans went to war less with a master plan
03:46than a recognition that they would have to take the war bit by bit.
03:50And the first bit was Belgium.
03:53The Germans knew Britain had guaranteed Belgian neutrality,
03:58but reckoned Britain would come into the war sooner or later,
04:01whichever route the Germans took into France.
04:04The Belgians put their faith in reinforced concrete forts,
04:18armed with German Krupp guns.
04:21The Germans brought their massive siege guns, the Big Berthers,
04:28named after Krupp's daughter, to smash them.
04:38The monster advanced in two parts, pulled by 36 horses.
04:43The pavement trembled.
04:45The crows went mute with consternation
04:47at the appearance of this phenomenal apparatus.
04:50Then came the frightful explosion.
04:56The crowd was flung back.
05:01The earth shook like an earthquake,
05:03and all the window panes in the vicinity were shattered.
05:23Colonel Victor Naissance was in Fort Lansain,
05:26on the receiving end.
05:33Once the thick metal shutters were pulled down,
05:37the heavy metal doors shut,
05:39the fort and its fate were sealed.
05:48The ventilation system has failed.
05:51The chimney of the generator is totally blocked.
05:54The fort is also filling with concrete dust.
05:57The men's chests heave to get air.
06:00They're suffocating.
06:02They don't look like humans anymore.
06:04They're features distorted with agony and hate.
06:12A German shell had hit the magazine,
06:18bringing down the six-foot-thick concrete roof,
06:20crushing 250 soldiers to death.
06:25The survivors were horrifically burnt.
06:27By the 16th of August, all the forts around Liège had fallen.
06:39But Belgium's war was only beginning.
06:43The Germans claimed that Belgian civilian snipers,
06:45Front Tireur, were firing at them from garret windows and rooftops.
06:49In fact, most of the shots came from small units of retreating French and Belgian soldiers.
06:58Or from nervous German troops shooting at each other.
07:01The Germans were fired.
07:02The Germans were fired.
07:05Nevertheless, General von Moltke issued a warning to the people of Belgium.
07:11Anybody who, in any form, participates without authorization,
07:15will be considered as Front Tireur,
07:18and similarly shot on the spot.
07:20Is there a particulate for the weaken that is?
07:21Is there a remark that first to make warfare?
07:22A German army warns like that call auf der sneaking in front.
07:23It's left that disoriented乱�.
07:24I'm not convivant.
07:25It's seen when you turn over the government is hard on the ground.
07:30Me.
07:32No تمنatement.
07:33What do you think?
08:03The pressure to maintain a speedy advance through a hostile population led to atrocities.
08:12These were not just the impetuous actions of frightened troops.
08:17They became part of a systematic plan to terrorise and demoralise the enemy.
08:24We've been ordered to kill everyone and wipe off the map part of the left bank of the Merz.
08:30It's a tremendously honourable task and will be famous for ever.
08:46The Belgian town of Tamin on the 22nd of August 1914.
08:51French troops kept up a storm of fire at the advancing Germans from across the river Sambre.
09:00The Germans rounded up civilians, including Fernand Scoyer, for a special task.
09:07We are forced to advance, acting as a shield for the Germans, who follow behind us.
09:13But they fall, mown down by French bullets.
09:16One of them charges at us, like a man possessed, and only stops when his bayonet has gone right through poor Matin, who leaves behind a widow and three orphans.
09:26After the French withdrew, the Germans were convinced that Belgian snipers were active, so they torched the town.
09:39They held hostages like Adolphe Serron captive in the church overnight.
09:44Then escorted them down the Rue de la Station in the morning.
09:48The soldiers up on carts beat us brutally.
09:51The priests in particular were badly treated.
09:54Jokes, swearing, blows.
09:58Nearly 400 men, women and children, among them the priest, Father Dornay, were herded into the main square by the riverbank.
10:17A German firing squad was waiting for them.
10:22A whistle blew, and the shooting began.
10:28There was total chaos among the crowd.
10:30Some fell dead, others pushed blindly.
10:33I found myself on the ground, the tide moving above me.
10:41I was suffocating.
10:42I was hit by two bullets in the kidneys.
10:45I felt their holes drill into me.
10:48Arthur Fauvel fell on top of me, dead.
10:57No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't get out from under the pile of corpses.
11:03They cut the head off Archil Loire, the coalman.
11:07I saw it, the head separated from the trunk.
11:11The ultimate cruelty was when the soldiers checked the victims one by one.
11:21Any still alive they bayoneted violently, then threw them in the sombre.
11:26Photographs of some of those who remarkably survived the German bullets.
11:44And those who fell victim.
11:47A total of 6,500 French and Belgian civilians, including women and children,
11:55were killed in the first month of the war.
12:02180,000 Belgian refugees crossed the channel to Britain.
12:07The stories of German atrocities against plucky little Belgium
12:11provided ideal propaganda to rally allied public opinion behind the war.
12:16The image of the murderous Hun, the barbaric Bosch, was born.
12:25But what drove this nation, whose soldiers massacred women and children,
12:34razed towns to the ground, shot priests?
12:38Yet had the engraving on their belt buckles,
12:40Gott mit uns, God is with us.
12:44The monument erected out the leniencNewsg
12:57to Switzerland community.
12:59The monument erected outside Leipzig to commemorate the centenary of the Battle of Nations was
13:19dedicated yesterday.
13:23In the interior of the monument is a crypt to the honour of the heroes who fell in the
13:28fight with Napoleon.
13:31Amid uproarious cheering, the Emperor reached the broad flight of steps leading to the foot
13:37of the monument.
13:39The whole concourse sang the beautiful chorale, now thank we all our God.
13:52In 1913 Kaiser Wilhelm II celebrated his silver jubilee.
13:59Germany had not known war for 40 years and was enjoying spectacular economic growth.
14:11The Kaiser depicted his country not as an aggressor with territorial ambitions but as the custodian
14:17of international Concorde.
14:20Germany is standing guarding the peace of the earth, at the door of the temple of peace,
14:26not only of Europe but of the whole world.
14:30Germany was only as old as that peace, welded just 40 years before out of 39 separate states.
14:42The Leipzig memorial was a building block for German nationalism.
14:46It harked back to a time when German states had joined with Britain and Russia to defeat Bonaparte's
14:51France.
14:55Its monumental architecture sought to embed the nation's roots in a shared past.
15:06The Kaiser in 1913 realized that the process of unification was not complete and that spelt weakness.
15:16Whereas England forms a political unit, Germany resembles a mosaic in which the individual
15:22pieces are still clearly distinguishable.
15:25This is shown by the army, which is still made up of contingents from the various German states
15:30all wearing different uniforms.
15:33The young German Reich needs institutions which are clearly German.
15:39Beneath one flag, Germany remained extremely diverse.
15:43Catholic South and Protestant North.
15:48Central East and industrialized West.
15:56Germany seemed ultra-conservative but boasted a modern welfare state which inspired Britain's
16:01pre-1914 reforms.
16:06I have been shown round one of the new labor exchanges by the mayor of Strasbourg.
16:11I saw some of the poorest fellows in German society, but they all had an insurance card entitling
16:17them to benefit in sickness, invalidity, infirmity and old age.
16:23There is no doubt that these labor exchanges are tremendous.
16:28The honor of introducing them into England would be in itself a rich reward.
16:38Men would die for Britain in the First World War who did not have the vote.
16:42Perhaps half failed to meet the qualifications.
16:46But in Germany there was suffrage for all men over 21.
16:50The largest party in the Reichstag, or parliament, was socialist.
16:53And yet none of this added up to democracy.
16:58Germany's government was accountable not to her people via the Reichstag, but to her emperor.
17:06The call for political reform was growing loud.
17:09Germany entered the First World War governed by an autocrat.
17:13And his character was as burdened by paradox as his country was.
17:23One day the Kaiser is a soldier king, rigid, traditional.
17:27Suddenly he is the reform king, embracing the worker as a brother.
17:33Next he is the modern king, treating the past with contempt, regarding the factory as a temple,
17:39with electricity powering all of Germany.
17:43Kaiser Wilhelm II was Queen Victoria's oldest grandson, cousin to both Britons George V and Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.
17:57Wilhelm was born with a withered left arm, for which he compensated with sports, sailing, riding and hunting.
18:04He had an immature streak, dressing up and playing often cruel, practical jokes.
18:16Wilhelm's right arm was incredibly powerful.
18:19With his rings turned inwards, he would squeeze the hands of visiting dignitaries so hard they would cry out.
18:31The king's insecurities matter little if he has no power, but the Kaiser was Germany's commander-in-chief, its supreme warlord.
18:42In no area has the Kaiser views of his own when he doesn't know what to do.
18:47Sadly he is putty in the hands of clever people and makes surprising leaps of judgment all over the place.
18:53Everything he decides is motivated by his desire to be popular.
19:03The Kaiser was most comfortable in the company of his officers.
19:08He was obsessed with uniforms and militarism.
19:20His army's ethos was rigidly professional, though even in peacetime half were conscripts.
19:27They were highly disciplined and the guardians of the German state.
19:31The French were old enemies.
19:35The last time they'd fought, in 1870, the French had used civilian snipers, franque terreur, against them.
19:45The German chief of staff's own uncle led that campaign and passed on the crucial lesson to the German soldiers of 1914.
19:53International rules do not work when soldiers are in constant fear for their lives, worried that a civilian may pick up a rifle and shoot them.
20:03It must also be remembered that the greatest deed in war is the speedy ending of the war, and every means to that end must remain open.
20:14German troops going into Belgium and France used terror from the start.
20:23The civilian population, caught between the weight of historic fears and current military necessities, was not going to get the benefit of any doubt.
20:39Russian and French forces bore the brunt of the German onslaught.
20:43They were soon joined by British troops.
20:56In all, 100,000 men of the British Expeditionary Force crossed the channel in the early weeks of the war.
21:03On the 21st of August, British troops moved into position alongside the French 5th Army, near the Belgian town of Mons, close to the French border.
21:22Two days later, the British, with 70,000 men, were hit by a German force four times the size.
21:28I focused the telescope and saw a number of little grey figures. More and more were appearing.
21:38Women started to wail and rushed for home, followed by the men.
21:55While children, torn by curiosity, lagged behind, turning to sea.
22:02In a few seconds, all these civilians were fleeing along the roads.
22:09The Allies started an epic retreat south, just ahead of the German tidal wave.
22:28The war on the Western Front did not begin in the trenches.
22:32These early months were mobile, fast, dangerous.
22:38In the first four weeks, the German army lost over a quarter of a million men killed, wounded and missing.
22:44The front was constantly shifting, giving men no time to dig in.
22:55There was nowhere to hide in fields swept by machine guns and rapid-firing artillery.
22:59The British soldier Edward Dwyer won the Victoria Cross on Hill 60 in Belgium.
23:15He was just 19.
23:17He recalled the retreat from Mons on a sound recording made in 1915.
23:22He was killed a year later.
23:24I was already in the army when the war broke out, and went to France on August the 13th, 1914.
23:33You people over here don't realise what our boys went through in those days.
23:39That march from Mons was a nightmare.
23:41Unless you've been through it, you can't imagine what an agonising time it was.
23:46We used to do from 20 to 25 miles a day.
23:50There was only one thing you could cheer us up on the march, that was singing.
23:53We're here, because we're here, because we're here.
24:12France has just been the object of a violent and premeditated attack.
24:25She will be heroically defended by all her sons.
24:30Nothing will break their sacred union.
24:34Once again, she stands before the universe for liberty, justice and reason.
24:40Vive la France!
24:42At the war's start, Poincaré had appealed to all France for national unity.
24:53By the 2nd of September 1914, the Germans were just 30 miles from Paris, and the sacred union was starting to crack.
25:04Trenches were dug, sandbags filled, barricades erected.
25:08The government left the capital for Bordeaux, triggering a general exodus.
25:16A million Parisians, a third of its inhabitants, fled the city.
25:21The fate of Paris and France would be decided on the river Marne.
25:34Fought along a 300-mile front, it was a battle France had to win.
25:38But although the Germans had their enemy's capital almost in sight, their advance was outstripping supply lines.
25:56There were few lorries in 1914.
26:00Horses pulled the guns and wagons.
26:03General von Moltke, the German commander, grew alarmed.
26:06We have hardly any horses left in the army which can take another step.
26:17We don't want to fool ourselves.
26:21We've had successes, but we're not victorious yet.
26:25Victory means annihilation of the enemy's resistance.
26:30But where are all the French prisoners and guns we should have been captured?
26:35The French have retreated in a disciplined way according to a plan.
26:39The German right wing was sweeping down towards Paris.
26:51The French had detached troops from the east, moving them by rail to Paris to attack the Germans in their flank.
26:58The Allies now outnumbered the Germans and chose their moment to strike.
27:02As the Germans neared Paris, a dangerous gap opened up between their 1st and 2nd armies.
27:11The British Expeditionary Force would be driven in like a wedge.
27:20To the French, it is their own home, and it makes them mad.
27:24We somehow fight on with no increased animosity.
27:27But the French really are giving everything.
27:29And it makes one wonder if people in England realise what the advance of an invading army over a country means.
27:35On the eve of battle, the French Commander-in-Chief, Marshal Joffre, addressed his officers.
27:44When a battle begins upon which the nation's salvation depends, we cannot look back.
27:51We must make every effort to attack and repel the enemy.
27:56Troops who can no longer advance must, at all cost, hold the captured ground and die rather than retreat.
28:05The Marne would consign the set-piece battle, fought on a single field in a day, to history.
28:12It was on the cusp between old warfare and new.
28:17Around Paris, great armies wheeled and manoeuvred as they had done for centuries.
28:22But to the east, the French dug trenches to defend their positions.
28:26Here, the battle lines would become static.
28:36The Battle of the Marne began on the 5th of September, 1914.
28:39The fighting has begun.
29:01French shells explode incessantly in front of us.
29:04We seek shelter in a sunken lane.
29:06Stomachs loudly remind us of our hunger.
29:11Constant shelling makes it impossible to reach up and fetch an apple.
29:16Some block their ears so as not to lose their nerve with the incessant machine gun fire.
29:21Our ranks are decimated.
29:23We cannot hold this position much longer.
29:25Pieces of shrapnel whistled past me.
29:33I felt I'd been hit.
29:35My knee was giving way as I walked.
29:38I wasn't sure what had happened.
29:39I stopped and pushed my finger through a hole in my trousers.
29:44My finger kept on going into my leg.
29:47We turn towards the gunfire that rattles out on our right, beyond Basse, where the shrapnel still rains down.
29:57The houses are burning.
29:58I hear from both sides.
30:04It's our own guns shooting at us.
30:07I stick very close to the ground.
30:10Face against the earth.
30:11Face against the earth.
30:41Napoleon would have recognized.
30:46Cavalry, armed with lances, played an active role.
30:51No one wore tin helmets.
30:55And as these original color photographs of the Marne show,
30:59some soldiers' uniforms owed more to the parade ground than to the needs of camouflage.
31:07There were easy targets in the early months.
31:11My rifle went to my shoulder.
31:15Two Frenchmen fell.
31:16I fired again.
31:17I fired again.
31:19Nothing.
31:20My magazine was empty.
31:22I reached for my bayonet.
31:24I expected to be killed by a bullet any second.
31:27But then the rest of my men burst through the undergrowth, and the enemy vanished.
31:32The Germans were in a shade of field grey, but the British were even more difficult to spot, as another German enviously noted.
31:43The color of the English clothing is much more suited to the terrain than ours.
31:49It's a sort of browny green, a really dirty color.
31:53This really is an advantage.
31:55Although we're still going to win.
31:57With men dug in along so vast a front, aerial observation became vital.
32:05Balloons and planes gathered crucial information.
32:11They also began to take on a more active role.
32:14A French plane suddenly appears.
32:23It turns and drops something.
32:26The air fills with a strange whistling, followed by a violent explosion.
32:30German reconnaissance planes monitored the worsening situation at the Marne.
32:56Pilots' reports went to Count von Bülow's 2nd Army headquarters at Montmore.
33:08Handwritten reports like this one revealed the steady advance of the Allies into the lethal gap between his men and the 1st Army.
33:17On 8th September 1914, von Bülow ordered his forces to retreat.
33:26We continued to fall back, passing through French villages.
33:36In the faces of every inhabitant, we saw scorn and derision.
33:45The women leaned out of their windows and thumbed their noses and sneered at us.
33:49To them, we were the defeated army.
33:51The French referred to the battle as the miracle on the Marne.
34:01France had been saved, but at a cost of a quarter of a million casualties, the same losses as the Germans.
34:08No future battle on the Western Front would average so many casualties per day.
34:18Louis de la Grandière, a French ambulance driver, was based at Saint-Sophie Farm in the thick of the battle.
34:24We're surrounded by dead bodies, thousands piled one on top of another.
34:38We've got used to the shelling now.
34:40We don't even look up.
34:47The whole area has been devastated.
34:49The local people have gone.
34:50Thirty-three German generals were quietly sacked.
35:05Moltke was replaced by Erich von Falkenhayn after a tactful pause.
35:11The German people were never told the truth about the Marne.
35:14Indeed, the myth at the war's end would be that the German army was undefeated in the field.
35:21But in a sense, they lost the First World War here, never having again the chance they had at the Marne to win a resounding victory against the Allies.
35:29Germany was now committed to a long war, and she didn't have the resources for it.
35:43In November 1914, Falkenhayn ordered his troops to fall back to high ground and dig in.
35:48Unable to break through, the Allies had few options but to dig in as well.
36:05The pattern for the Western Front was now set, with its line of trenches stretching from the Channel to Switzerland.
36:12500 miles of mud and horror, there would be home to the living and the dead for over three years.
36:2327-year-old Bernard Montgomery, the future victor of Alamein, wrote home to his mother.
36:29The situation is strange here.
36:34I eat peppermints with a dead man beside me in the trench.
36:37The German trenches are only 700 yards away.
36:41The weather is perfectly vile, very wet, and it's starting to get cold too.
36:46My clothes are soaked and muddy, but it's too cold to take them off.
36:50Any warm things you can send me and the men will be greatly appreciated.
36:59And beyond no man's land, beyond the German lines, 11 million French and Belgian men, women and children
37:12were learning to adapt to their changed lives as civilians under German occupation.
37:18¶¶
37:21¶¶
37:22¶¶
37:26¶¶
37:31Tuesday. Cruel Tuesday. The German troops ride past my window. I hear a guttural order.
37:59Soon the town is filled with Bosch, the beasts, the swines. They confiscate all weapons and
38:08demand a quarter of a million francs in gold. The extraordinary diary of a ten-year-old French
38:17schoolboy, titled Journal of the Franco-Bosch War.
38:20Eve Congar lived with his family in this house in Sedan, eastern France. Eve's mother encouraged
38:34him to write a diary to keep him busy during the summer holidays. It became a unique record
38:39of the occupation. What Eve had seen when the Germans marched into Sedan was forced requisitioning.
38:58At the outset, Germany adopted a policy of state intervention for war production. In
39:04peacetime, Germany imported raw materials, but she knew that the Allies would impose a blockade.
39:12So German industrialist Walter Rattenau drew up plans to ensure the most effective use of
39:17what materials Germany had. But after a few weeks of war, the German state had most of France and
39:28Belgium's industrial and mineral resources at its disposal. These were now taken back to Germany.
39:37Germany. Millions of tons of raw materials, plant and foodstuffs.
39:49But the asset stripping wasn't limited to government. The German army was ordered to live off the
39:54occupied territories. What the soldiers wanted, they took.
40:02They moved on towards Formel. The inhabitants were pensioners. Our boys found a stash of wine
40:14and eggs. We helped ourselves. In the meantime, the church was shot to bits. Not a single house was spared.
40:23They have taken, rather stolen from us, straw, copper, oats and the belongings of over 8 million people.
40:35They have looted the cellars, the empty houses, the walnut trees, the telegraph poles and the livestock.
40:48One doctor in Lille pleaded with the German authorities.
40:53My patient, Madame Lefevre, is 86 years old. She's in a state of great weakness and serious malnutrition,
41:01which makes it absolutely necessary for her to keep her mattress.
41:05It wasn't just material loss. The Germans rounded up thousands of teenage boys and girls for forced labour.
41:21The last three weeks we have spent in the most terrible anguish and moral torture possible for a mother's heart.
41:31At three in the morning, these German heroes go out with a military band and machine guns and bayonets fixed
41:39to hunt down women and children, to take them away. God knows where, or why.
41:53Eve's brother got a job at the railway station.
41:57Robert is unloading wagons of animal carcasses, already green and covered with rotten pieces of flesh, crawling with vermin.
42:06He has to touch these stinking dead animals with his bare hands.
42:10Occupied France was run like a military state, as this film of the German military police in Lille shows.
42:27Clocks were set to German time. New identity papers issued.
42:31The Germans generally made us parade at 5am. One night, however, the whole commune was called out at one in the morning.
42:45An old man of 92 asked to be allowed to stay in bed.
42:50But the troops made fun of him, pushed him out of the house and said that fresh air was good for the dying.
43:01Ordinary people had stark choices to make about how to deal with the occupation.
43:10There was some resistance against the Germans, mostly passive.
43:19Belgian opposition was spurred on by the head of the Catholic Church, Cardinal Mercier.
43:23His letter, Patriotism and Endurance, was read out in every church across Belgium in February 1915.
43:32God will save Belgium, my brethren. You cannot doubt it.
43:37Nay, rather, he is saving her.
43:40Across the smoke of conflagration, across the stream of blood, have you not glimpses of his love for us?
43:47There is no perfect Christian who is not also a perfect patriot.
43:53Whence in truth comes this irresistible impulse which carries the will of the whole nation in a single effort of resistance in the face of the hostile menace?
44:04Mercier kept up his resistance, calling the Germans an army of evil and Lucifer's own.
44:13This embarrassed not just the Germans, but the Vatican.
44:17Like Pope Pius XII during the Second World War, Pope Benedict XV refused to condemn German atrocities.
44:24The Germans placed Mercier under house arrest in a bid to silence him, but it only increased his popularity.
44:33The Germans also unwittingly created another martyr.
44:39Edith Cavell was the British matron of a hospital in Brussels.
44:45After Belgium was overrun, she helped Allied soldiers escape into neutral Holland.
44:55In August 1915, she was caught, tried and condemned to death.
45:02The night before her execution by firing squad, she spoke to the prison chaplain.
45:07I have no fear or shrinking. I have seen death so often that it is not fearful or strange to me.
45:16And this I would say, standing as I do in view of God and eternity.
45:21I realize that patriotism is not enough. I must have no hatred or bitterness against anyone.
45:27The British exploited at the hilt stories of German atrocities against women, especially the shooting of Edith Cavell.
45:40Films like this one were made to show in neutral countries, particularly America.
45:45I closed her eyes and placed her body in the coffin.
46:01She was the bravest woman I ever met, going to her death with poise and barely.
46:07She had, however, acted as a man towards the Germans, and deserved to be published as a man.
46:13The Germans rounded up underground leaders, then posted notices of their execution.
46:27And they used another method to ensure civil obedience.
46:31They took hostages, including Yves Congar's father.
46:34The hour is near. The last meal together. The goodbyes. The hugs. I want to cry.
46:46Father walks to the station with just us boys. I bite my lip and feel my eyes tightening.
46:53Father says, I love you. Farewell. Remember me.
46:58Then he kissed us. Every night I'll say a prayer for my father and the other hostages.
47:07Civilian men, women and children were packed into cattle trucks, sent to concentration camps as hostages and forced laborers.
47:14Several thousand French and 58,000 Belgians.
47:23The rounding up of civilians by the enemy has been tragic.
47:27The weaker, because they were the most harmless, were detained without understanding the reason for their arrest.
47:32Without time to collect any belongings, suddenly considered as criminals.
47:39Then taken to concentration camps to assure security in the occupied areas.
47:44These civilians became simple pawns in the hands of their captors.
47:48A doctor's daughter from Lille learned what her father was suffering.
47:54Papa was locked up for five days for refusing to assist an operation carried out by a Bosch.
48:00All food packages are opened and classified.
48:03The prisoners come each day to collect their provisions, but there's only one container.
48:08Milk, fish, fruit, all tipped into one bucket, because the Germans used the tins to make grenades.
48:14Far from being broken by the German occupation, Yves Congar, who became a prisoner in the Second World War,
48:43was politicized by it.
48:51There's hardly any bread.
48:53The swines will leave us to die of hunger.
48:56Too bad.
48:58After all, we are French, and if we have to die, we shall die.
49:03But France will be victorious.
49:13In the next episode of the First World War, global conflict rocks empires as Germany beats the Royal Navy in the Pacific, and maverick armies rampage through Africa.
49:36In the next episode of the First World War, we are quite born.
49:39First World War is a Captain America.
49:41This is world of century-prepared people that will be a world-school organization.
49:45So that's the world of capitalism.
49:46The world of the first world is a human being.
49:47There has been a very great time for the first of the Second World War.
49:48In the first world of the first world of the first world of the First World War,
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