Do Holocausto ao Estado de Israel: A Decisão que Mudou a História para Sempre #judeus #israel #alemanha #guerra #historia
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00:00What is born when a people go through hell and discover that there is no turning back?
00:06In the ruins of a Europe silenced by fear,
00:08While the stench of death still lingered over entire cities,
00:12A silent decision began to take shape.
00:16It wasn't just the will to live.
00:18It was something more radical, more dangerous, more definitive.
00:23Or a homeland of their own would rise from the ashes,
00:25Or that people would disappear from history forever.
00:30It is there, in that invisible instant, between the end of one war and the beginning of another,
00:36This is the beginning of a story you need to hear until the very last second.
00:41In 1945, the European map still existed.
00:45But the life that sustained him had been ripped away.
00:48Borders defined ruins, not countries.
00:52Roads were traversed by human shadows.
00:55More than 11 million displaced people, wandering between makeshift camps,
01:00Destroyed cities and empty promises.
01:03Among them, the Jewish survivors carried a unique burden.
01:08Three out of four had been exterminated.
01:12The houses were not waiting for them.
01:14Families no longer existed.
01:16In many places, hatred remained alive.
01:19And the pogroms continued even after the Nazi defeat.
01:22Liberation did not mean freedom.
01:25In camps administered by the Allies, in Germany and Austria,
01:28Jews lived behind barbed wire.
01:31now under the watchful eye of armies that, months before,
01:35They had been hailed as saviors.
01:37It was a cruel paradox.
01:39The war was over, but the exile continued.
01:42In this absurd scenario,
01:43a phrase began to circulate like a whisper
01:46which would soon turn into a scream.
01:49To go to Palestine or die there?
01:52It wasn't rhetoric.
01:53It was an existential calculation.
01:55Meanwhile, thousands of kilometers away, in the Middle East,
01:59an organized, disciplined Jewish community
02:03and quietly prepared
02:06I was waiting to see the impact of this historic decision.
02:10The Ishvah, the Jewish population of Palestine,
02:13under the British mandate,
02:14had gone through the war working,
02:16producing, training
02:18and learning how to defend themselves.
02:21They manufactured food, uniforms, and weapons.
02:24Young men enlisted in the British army.
02:27not just out of loyalty,
02:29But for strategic reasons.
02:30World War II was also a school.
02:32for something that didn't yet have a name,
02:34But it already had a destination.
02:36During the darkest years of the conflict,
02:38while Europe was being consumed
02:40through industrial extermination,
02:41Palestine was becoming a vital logistical center.
02:46for the allies.
02:47The Jewish community quickly understood.
02:50that surviving was not enough,
02:52It was necessary to structure itself as a political force.
02:55and military.
02:57Fear, however,
02:58It never ceased to exist.
03:00Rommel's shadow
03:01advancing through North Africa
03:04made many believe
03:05that the Negev desert
03:07would be the next German target.
03:09In Jerusalem, crowds gathered.
03:12in front of the Wailing Wall,
03:15convinced that destiny
03:17who had swallowed up the European Jews
03:19I could reach them at any time.
03:22Underground communication networks
03:23were assembled,
03:25Evacuation plans prepared,
03:27excavated shelters.
03:28The Holocaust,
03:30a word that still sounded distant,
03:32It was starting to appear in the newspapers.
03:33like an unsettling omen,
03:36Almost unbelievable.
03:38The news arrived in fragments.
03:40Reports on gas chambers
03:43They shared space with sporting results.
03:47For many,
03:47It was impossible to grasp the magnitude of the horror.
03:50For others,
03:51especially recent immigrants
03:53from Eastern Europe,
03:54Each telegram was a stab in the back.
03:57Parents, siblings, children
03:59They had disappeared into the ghettos and onto the trains.
04:03This mixture of guilt for being alive
04:05and helplessness in the face of distance
04:07It produced something new.
04:09The idea that the Jewish people
04:10It would not survive without its own land.
04:13It is no longer a distant ideal.
04:15and it became an immediate necessity.
04:18Ixuve leadership
04:20He understood this before everyone else.
04:22Symbolic gestures of mourning were organized.
04:25Fasting, public prayers, work stoppages.
04:28But life went on.
04:29and the contrast between local normality
04:31and the European extermination
04:33It was becoming unbearable.
04:36Intellectuals called for a profound collective mourning.
04:39Others demanded action.
04:41Because of this tension,
04:42a strategy was born
04:43which would change the course of history.
04:45Transforming tragedy
04:47in political argument.
04:49For David Ben-Gurion
04:51and the Jewish agency,
04:53the main duty
04:54It wasn't about saving isolated individuals,
04:57but to build sovereignty
04:59capable of guaranteeing
05:01collective survival.
05:03Without a State,
05:04There would be no lasting salvation.
05:06This logic also shaped
05:08The relationship with Great Britain.
05:09In 1939,
05:11the White Paper
05:12drastically limited
05:13Jewish immigration
05:15and the purchase of land,
05:17trying to appease the Arab population.
05:19Even so,
05:20Ixuve decided to support
05:22the combined effort.
05:24Ben-Gurion
05:24summarized this position
05:26in a sentence
05:27which would become legendary.
05:29We would fight alongside England.
05:31as if there were no
05:33White Paper
05:33and against the White Paper
05:35as if there were no war.
05:38Approximately 30,000
05:39Jewish volunteers
05:40incorporated
05:42to the British army.
05:44In 1944,
05:46The Jewish Brigade was born.
05:48Your soldiers
05:49They fought in Europe.
05:50with a Star of David
05:51in the uniform,
05:52symbol that had been
05:53mark of humiliation
05:54and now it was transforming
05:56as an emblem of pride
05:57and resistance.
05:58Those men
05:59they would return with
06:00military experience,
06:02discipline
06:02and a consciousness
06:03clear
06:04that they were ready
06:05for something bigger.
06:07About that,
06:08thousands of refugees
06:09They were trying to arrive.
06:10to Palestine by sea.
06:12Precarious vessels,
06:14overcrowded,
06:15pursued by
06:16British navy.
06:18Some reached
06:19the coast at night,
06:20others were intercepted,
06:22others sank,
06:23taking hundreds of lives.
06:25Illegal immigration
06:26allowed entry
06:27tens of thousands
06:29during the war,
06:30but always
06:30under strict criteria.
06:32Young people were given priority.
06:34elderly and sick,
06:36Rejected.
06:37Not even knowledge
06:39of mass extermination
06:40changed that policy.
06:42The logic was cold,
06:43almost brutal,
06:45but consistent
06:45with the vision
06:46of a national project
06:47that needed to survive.
06:49There was also
06:50symbolic attempts
06:51to act on one's own
06:52Occupied Europe.
06:54Volunteers were deployed
06:55by parachute
06:56in Nazi territories
06:58to demonstrate
06:59that the Jews of Palestine
07:00They had not abandoned their own.
07:02Among them,
07:03a young poet
07:05called Hannah Sinis,
07:06captured and executed.
07:09Before dying,
07:10He wrote about fire.
07:12which ignites other flames.
07:14Your sacrifice
07:14it transformed
07:15in founding myth,
07:17reinforcing the image
07:18of a people
07:18that, even in defeat,
07:20I chose to act.
07:21When the war ended,
07:23the scale of the catastrophe
07:24It became unavoidable.
07:27Of the nine million
07:28of European Jews,
07:29Only three survived.
07:32Most were not saved.
07:33through organized operations,
07:35but because of the German defeat
07:36or through isolated gestures
07:38of humanity.
07:39Even so,
07:40the murder of six million
07:42converted
07:43in the moral argument
07:44most powerful of the century.
07:46The survivors,
07:48scattered across a continent
07:49in ruins,
07:50They became living proof.
07:52that the diaspora
07:52It offered no future.
07:55Ixuve's Emissaries
07:56They arrived at the fields.
07:57concentration
07:58freed
07:59shortly after the end of the war.
08:01The shock was profound.
08:03They found people
08:04which barely seemed human,
08:07living as if still
08:08were imprisoned.
08:10Some reported that,
08:11upon entering the sheds,
08:13They thought they saw animals.
08:14They only realized it later.
08:16who were human beings
08:17Stripped of everything.
08:19In the camps for displaced persons,
08:20despite the misery,
08:22Something unexpected started to happen.
08:24Weddings,
08:25births,
08:26newspapers,
08:26makeshift schools,
08:28to bring life into the world
08:29it became an act
08:30A challenge against death.
08:32Ben Gurion
08:33visited Germany
08:34and wrote
08:35that the fields
08:36They still smelled of death.
08:38His biggest concern,
08:39however,
08:40They were the living.
08:41He feared the Holocaust.
08:43had destroyed
08:44the necessary human capital
08:46to build a state.
08:48Even so,
08:49He advocated for the transfer.
08:51en masse
08:51refugees
08:53to Palestine.
08:54The State should
08:55to rise above the living,
08:56Not about the dead.
08:57Conditions in the fields
08:58They were so desolate.
09:00which allied reports
09:01They compared the situation.
09:03to the Nazi camps,
09:04with the only difference
09:05of what there
09:06There was no systematic extermination.
09:09Given the continuity
09:10of the pogroms
09:10in Eastern Europe,
09:12the survivors
09:13They initiated an organized escape.
09:15Underground networks
09:17They crossed borders,
09:19transporting hundreds
09:20thousands
09:21for allied occupation zones.
09:23This movement,
09:25known as Briar,
09:26concentrated a wandering population.
09:28who called himself
09:29the remains that survived.
09:32In the fields,
09:33Hebrew was spoken again.
09:35Flags were raised,
09:37Symbolic elections were held.
09:39It was pedagogy.
09:41of the Renaissance.
09:42These people were being taught.
09:44to see each other
09:45as citizens
09:46of a nation
09:47which did not yet exist.
09:48Each refugee
09:50became
09:51A political test.
09:53Palestine
09:54she was the only one
09:55open door
09:56even though it is narrow.
09:57The British
09:58They maintained the blockade.
09:59fearing regional instability.
10:02Each intercepted boat
10:03multiplied
10:05worldwide outrage.
10:07The image of survivors
10:08being returned to Germany
10:10shocked public opinion
10:11International
10:12and consolidated
10:14perception
10:15that the Jewish question
10:16it could not be resolved
10:18without sovereignty.
10:19The destruction
10:20of European Judaism
10:21forced the leadership
10:23Zionist
10:23to expand
10:24your horizon.
10:25Northern communities
10:26from Africa
10:27and from the Arab world
10:28they began to be seen
10:29as an essential part
10:31of the demographic future
10:32of the State.
10:33There was no longer a choice.
10:34It was accepted
10:35every Jew
10:36willing
10:36to emigrate.
10:38Failure
10:38in saving lives
10:39during the war
10:40It weighed heavily as a moral imperative.
10:43About that,
10:44violence in Palestine
10:44It was increasing.
10:45Armed groups
10:46They attacked British targets.
10:48The cost of the mandate
10:49became
10:50unsustainable.
10:52In 1947,
10:53Great Britain
10:54delivered the question
10:55to the UN,
10:56waiting perhaps
10:57that failure
10:58if it were to repeat
10:58in another instance.
11:00The International Commission
11:01traveled
11:02refugee camps
11:03and was shocked
11:04because of the similarities
11:05with the recent past.
11:07He concluded that maintaining
11:08the status quo
11:09It was impossible.
11:10In November
11:11from 1947,
11:12the General Assembly
11:14approved the partition
11:16of the territory.
11:17The Jewish streets
11:18They burst into jubilation.
11:20the Arabs
11:20in a rage.
11:22The civil war
11:22It started immediately.
11:24Roads blocked,
11:25mixed cities
11:26on fire,
11:28besieged colonies.
11:29The Ixuve
11:30it worked like
11:31a state in gestation.
11:33Provisional ministries,
11:34taxes,
11:36rationing,
11:37military training.
11:38The feeling
11:39It was urgent.
11:40absolute.
11:41If that war
11:42if it were lost,
11:43the whole project
11:44It would disappear.
11:45In May 1948,
11:47with the British withdrawal,
11:49David Ben-Gurion
11:50proclaimed
11:50independence
11:51From Israel.
11:52Hours later,
11:53Arab armies
11:54They crossed the borders.
11:56Against all expectations,
11:57the Jewish militia
11:58He resisted.
12:00With scarce weapons,
12:01improvisation
12:02and a discipline
12:03built
12:04over the years,
12:06managed to reverse
12:07the course of the war.
12:08The supply
12:09clandestine
12:10weapons
12:10from Eastern Europe
12:11It was decisive.
12:13Disassembled airplanes,
12:14rifles,
12:15ammunition.
12:16Each delivery
12:17It was a risk.
12:18Each flight,
12:19a bet
12:19for survival.
12:21At the end of 1949,
12:23Israel had guaranteed
12:24its existence.
12:26The human cost
12:26It was huge.
12:27Makeshift cemeteries
12:29They gathered names.
12:30Hebraized
12:31next to
12:32of European surnames.
12:33The tragedy
12:34from Europe
12:34and the birth
12:36of the State
12:36they were
12:37definitely
12:38intertwined.
12:40Refugees
12:40They became citizens.
12:42The displaced,
12:43founders.
12:44In the following years,
12:45the young State
12:46faced
12:47another profound dilemma.
12:48How to transform
12:49memory
12:50of extermination
12:51based
12:51Political and economic?
12:53The financial crisis
12:54It was strict.
12:55The population
12:56It had folded.
12:57Rationing
12:57It persisted.
12:59It was in this context
13:00that the question
13:00of the repairs
13:01German
13:02emerged as
13:03need
13:04survival
13:05national.
13:06It wasn't about
13:06of forgiveness,
13:07but of reconstruction.
13:08The negotiations
13:09They divided society.
13:11provoked
13:11violent protests,
13:13moral wounds
13:14deep.
13:15Even so,
13:16the agreement
13:17It was signed.
13:18The resources
13:19originating
13:19of the repairs
13:20they financed
13:21infrastructure,
13:23industry,
13:24energy,
13:25transport.
13:26The economy
13:26It stabilized.
13:28The State
13:28It became consolidated.
13:29But the conflict
13:30ethical
13:30It never disappeared.
13:32Many never
13:32They agreed to see.
13:33German products,
13:35circulating in Israel.
13:36Others saw
13:37in these resources
13:38the only way
13:39to guarantee
13:40a future
13:40For the living.
13:41Like this,
13:42in less than a decade,
13:44the world witnessed
13:45a transformation
13:46unprecedented.
13:48From fields
13:48of extermination
13:49to an armed state,
13:50sovereign
13:51and recognized.
13:53Of wandering victims
13:54to citizens
13:55of a nation.
13:56Extermination,
13:57exodus
13:57and sovereignty
13:58They became linked.
13:59like chapters
14:00inseparable
14:00of the same story.
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