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La mejor y más grande del mundo con diamantes
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00:00¡Hola chicos! Bienvenidos a un nuevo video de David. Hoy vamos a ver el increíble Cullinan Mine
00:08en Pretoria, en la ciudad de Tsoane, para mostrarles lo que ustedes pueden hacer también en este lado de Raúl Teng.
00:15¿No te crees? Estén muy bien, porque, de nuevo, este video va a explotar tu mente.
00:19¡Suscríbete al canal!
00:49¡Suscríbete al canal!
01:19¡Hola, Grace! ¡Hola!
01:21¡Bien, bien!
01:31Ok, esto es básicamente...
01:33...es que pueden aprender mucho aquí.
01:37...es una de las cosas que necesitas hacer para hacerlo.
01:41...es una de las cosas que necesitas hacer para hacerlo.
01:45...es una de las cosas que necesitas hacer para hacerlo.
01:47Hoy vamos a hacer un video de introducción.
01:51...es una de las cosas que necesitas hacer para hacerlo.
01:53...es una de las cosas que necesitas hacer para hacerlo.
01:55Esto es un replico de la Kullinan Mine, esto es lo que se veía cuando realmente se encontró.
02:03Wow, es huge.
02:05...que es prácticamente equivalente a Kullinan.
02:10...de la mayoría de los que producen.
02:12Situada cerca de 50 kilómetros cerca de Pretoria,
02:15la Kullinan Mine tiene una historia histórica.
02:18Se empezó en 1898, cuando Sir Thomas Kullinan met a man working on a Pretoria Farm.
02:25Este hombre mostró a 3 carat blue-white stone,
02:28y vino a la conclusión de que todo el área en la que ellos estaban trabajando era lluvial,
02:33y que sus stones vinieron de algún nivel superior.
02:36La Pretoria Family resistió Kullinan's offer para comprar el farm,
02:40pero la Segunda Anglo-Boer War cambió su fate.
02:43After the war ended in 1902,
02:46the Prinsley Family, desperate for money,
02:48sold the farm to Kullinan for £52,000.
02:51Thomas Kullinan's instincts were correct.
02:54Soon thereafter, a kimberlite pipe was discovered
02:57and mining started in April 1903.
03:00Without railways or vehicles,
03:02most of the equipment had to be hauled to the site with oxwagons.
03:06The first steam plant, known as Number One Gear,
03:09which comprised of 3 rotary pans,
03:11was put into commission.
03:13The town was established,
03:15albeit with most of its residents living in tents.
03:18Once it was recognized that the mine was viable,
03:20the workforce started building more substantial dwellings.
03:23Housing kits were even shipped in from the United Kingdom.
03:27In the early days,
03:28only staff workers were housed by the mine.
03:30By October 1903,
03:32the mine yielded 99,208 carats of diamonds.
03:37The best was still to come.
03:39When Kullinan acquired the mine,
03:41he promised his wife that one day he would bring her the biggest diamond in the world.
03:45That promise would be fulfilled in January 1905,
03:48when the Kullinan diamond was discovered.
03:51Named after Kullinan himself,
03:53the rough stone was 3,106 carats,
03:56and measured four by two and a half by two inches.
04:00The Transvaal Prime Minister, Louis Bouda,
04:02suggested that the government buy the diamond for King Edward VII as a token of loyalty.
04:07It was presented to the king as a gift for his 66th birthday.
04:11It was then cut by Joseph Asher into nine major gems,
04:15and various smaller brilliance.
04:17The two largest gems were retained for the crown jewels.
04:20As for the Kullinan diamond mine,
04:22it continued to expand.
04:24It constructed a 900-foot concrete way,
04:271,000 yards below the Volga-Bronko-Street River's confluence,
04:31to provide an alternative source of adequate water.
04:34Soon thereafter, the town expanded,
04:37with notable construction of the Premier Hotel,
04:40and the railway station in 1908.
04:43Many of the buildings from that era survive today,
04:45such as the Masonic Lodge,
04:47the Ned Bank Building,
04:49and the St. George's Anglican Church,
04:51built by Herbert Baker.
04:54The town is known for its quaint village feel,
04:57and it draws numerous day-trippers to its various restaurants and markets.
05:01Previously known as the Premier Mine,
05:03the name was changed to Kullinan Mine in 2003.
05:06In 2008, Petra diamonds purchased a 37% stake from De Beers.
05:11Petra increased this to 74% in 2009,
05:15by purchasing Aoraji's shares,
05:17thus becoming the mine's major shareholder.
05:21To determine whether or not a rough diamond is suitable for jewellery,
05:25depends on three of the four C's,
05:27Clarity, Color, and Carrot,
05:30with the fourth C being cut.
05:32The sparkle of a polished diamond is dependent on the initial quality of the rough stone.
05:38The majority of Kullinan's diamonds are aged between 3.2 and 1.1 billion years old.
05:44They were produced before the first major continents formed,
05:48and preceded the beginnings of multicellular life.
05:51The Kullinan Diamond Mine's geologically unique kimberlite pipe was formed 1.2 billion years ago.
05:57The diamond on an engagement ring could be more than 1 billion years old,
06:02and produced not too long after the Earth was formed.
06:05Less than 30 of the estimated 7,000 kimberlites discovered are still being mined to date.
06:10So a diamond is truly a rare material, which has within it the history of the Earth.
06:16Petra has expanded production at the Kullinan Diamond Mine from 920,000 carats in 2009 to approximately 1.9 million carats in 2021.
06:28The company's current life of mine plan runs to 2029, but its resource has the potential for a mine life of at least 30 years.
06:37In September 2017, Petra completed the construction of a modern fit-for-purpose processing plant at Kullinan,
06:45with a throughput capacity of 6 million tons per annum.
06:49This has replaced the previous plant, which was originally commissioned in 1947.
06:55The design of the new plant is considered crucial for the mine's long-term future.
07:00The new plant uses commemission via attrition, a process that is gentler than crushing.
07:05The process reduces diamond breakage and improves recoveries across the full spectrum of diamonds.
07:11It also has improved the efficiency of material flow, thereby significantly lowering operating costs.
07:18Conveyor belts transport the fragments to the surface for processing and sorting.
07:23After all of the diamonds have been recovered at the sort house,
07:26a parcel of uncut stones is then transported to the sales and marketing facility by helicopter for final cleaning and classification.
07:34The new plant has a smaller footprint of just 5 hectares.
07:38Its number of conveyor belts has been reduced from 15 kilometers to just 3 kilometers.
07:44It has also reduced the number of water pumps from 121 to just 9,
07:49and the number of electrical motors from 589 to only 84.
07:54These changes have improved the efficiency of the mine,
07:57with electricity consumption improved by 12% and water consumption improved by 65%.
08:03This is a good example of Petra's cradle-to-grade planning, which embeds environmental efficiency into the process.
08:14The company's health, safety, and environmental committee regularly measures its water and energy usage,
08:20land management, biodiversity, dust and waste, and its rehabilitation and closure procedures.
08:27The committee ensures Petra's environmental practices comply with both local and global standards.
08:3397% of the water used in Cullinan mines production is recycled.
08:38Sourced from its slums dam, this ensures the water table is not contaminated.
08:43The mine runs a closed-circuit water reticulation system that recycles all water from number 7 dam.
08:50Petra forms part of the carbon disclosure project simply known as CDP.
08:56Because of its improvement in environmental practices, Petra's CDP scores has improved in 2020 to its highest levels yet.
09:05It had received an A- leadership score on climate change disclosure and B- for water stewardship.
09:12The aim for climate change places Petra among the top 11% of companies worldwide and is now considered a leader in this field.
09:21Petra's biomonitoring efforts aim to maintain biodiversity in the Cullinan area.
09:27The mine is also a home to African honeybees.
09:30In fact, the mine has a fully functional honey processing facility run by trade beekeepers.
09:37The air-controlled facility uses recycled materials for its equipment.
09:42Yes, we do extract honey, but we do not sell it. We like to share it instead.
09:47By far the greatest discovery in the mine, besides its diamonds, was that of a rare species of ant in 2001.
09:55The Cullinan ant, as it has come to be known, was found during a survey of a proposed site for a new explosives magazine at the mine.
10:03Further surveys done in 2010 and 2017 confirmed that this previously unknown species only existed within the area of the mine and not anywhere nearby.
10:14A formal description of the species is yet to be published.
10:18The name dangmani, a sutu word for diamond, has been proposed to reflect the site of its discovery.
10:24Given that diamonds are luxury goods and tend to last forever, provenance is very important.
10:31This is why the Kimberley process was established in 2003 to certify rough diamonds that come from areas without conflict and are not used to fund conflicts.
10:41There are also other bodies which look to protect the integrity of diamonds, including the Responsible Jewelry Council and the Natural Diamond Council, the latter which Petra is a founding member.
10:54The Natural Diamond Council inspires, educates and protects the consumer.
10:58Its initiative, Only Natural Diamonds, reinforces the positive impact of the natural diamond industry.
11:04It shares insights and promotes ethical, social and environmental standards so that consumers have peace of mind when purchasing diamonds.
11:13Besides the Cullinan diamond, another one of the milestones found its way in the crown jewels of a royal house.
11:21The golden jubilee, a 554 carat brown diamond, was discovered in 1985.
11:28The diamond is now on display in the Royal Museum at Pemamek Golden Temple Throne Hall in Bangkok, Thailand, as part of King Boonibol's crown jewels.
11:38The first million dollar diamond, the Taylor Burton, was discovered right here at the Cullinan Diamond Mine in 1966.
11:46The Taylor Burton has come to symbolize the love story between actors Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton and the cultural significance that such diamonds carry.
11:56Another prominent diamond was the heart-shaped 273 carat centenary diamond, discovered in 1986.
12:03It was loaned to the Tower of London for a number of years before it was sold to a buyer who still remains anonymous today.
12:10In 2020, five red-blue diamonds were discovered in the Cullinan diamond mine.
12:15As there are no official statistics on their recovery, it is even more unusual that these five stones were all recovered within the space of one week's production.
12:24The Leklapatala, which means blue rock in Sipedi, weighs 85.6 carats in total.
12:31After viewings held in Antwerp, Hong Kong and New York, they were sold in its entirety for more than US$40 million to a partnership between De Beers and diamond manufacturers and distributors Diacom.
12:44It was the first time that five rough blue diamonds have ever been offered for sale at one time, making it a truly historic event in the world of diamonds.
12:54De Beers and Diacom teamed up again in 2021 to purchase another blue diamond recovered at the Cullinan mine in April that year.
13:03Described as exceptional in its clarity and color, the 39.34 carat blue gem fetched just over US$40 million, making it the diamond with the highest price per carat at a little over US$1 million.
13:16It was celebrated as yet another grand addition to a list of famous diamonds from Cullinan mine.
13:23Studies imply that these rare blue gems are amongst the deepest formed diamonds ever found, created at depths in excess of 500 km below the earth's surface.
13:34By value, the greater proportion of global diamond production is used in jewelry, but smaller stones are cut and polished down to fractions of one carat and are used for a wide range of purposes.
13:45Diamonds are one of the hardest substances on earth. It scores 10 on the Moore scale of hardness, the highest level that can be achieved.
13:52The Cullinan diamond mine may have a finite lifespan, but its spirit will live on in the paintings of renowned South African artist Jacob Hendrik Pirnev.
14:04In 1929, the South African Railways and Harbors Commission had appointed Pirnev to produce a series of artworks depicting stunning South African landscapes.
14:15Between 1929 and 1932, Pirnev produced 32 panels that were displayed at Johannesburg Station. One of these panels was of the Cullinan mine.
14:26At present, Petra Diamonds is in possession of both the ink sketch and watercolor versions that Pirnev used for planning his final piece.
14:33He gifted the watercolor to the mine as payment for accommodating him there.
14:40For more than a century, the Cullinan diamond mine has captured the world's imagination.
14:46Its diamonds were at the center of a love story, adorned royal attire, and has inspired artists the world over.
14:53Petra Diamonds strives to make a real contribution to the triple bottom line, that is, serving people and the planet, while also garnering a profit.
15:02The Cullinan diamond mine has come to symbolize all that Petra Diamonds believes in, and that is, to produce the most spectacular and celebrated diamonds, sourced from the most culturally significant mines in the world.
15:15Petra Diamonds
15:23Okay guys, so this is how it looks like, now we're walking around the avenue.
15:30You guys can see this is a huge, big group of people.
15:34Hello wifey!
15:35¡Hola, wifey!
15:38Así es otro restaurante, debemos explorar esto un poco más tarde.
15:42Ustedes pueden ver que hay muchos restaurantes.
15:48Hay un tipo de...
15:55...mine equipamiento.
15:57Ustedes pueden ver que hay un parámetro de 90 kilogramos de balbaba.
16:04Y hay un parámetro de balbaba.
16:06Y hay un parámetro de balbaba.
16:09Y hay un parámetro de balbaba.
16:12Así que es un parámetro de balbaba.
16:15¡Vamos a ese parámetro de balbaba!
16:18¡So cool!
16:19¡So cool!
16:21Así que este lugar es enorme, ¿eh?
16:26Sí, la vez que hicimos esto, ¿verdad?
16:29Fue casi 5 años.
16:33Así que estamos haciendo un tour de surface.
16:37Ustedes pueden ver que este lugar es muy peligroso.
16:42Esto se ha cambiado en más de 100 años.
16:47Aquí tenemos la clonación de diamantes.
16:50Esta es la entrada de la mina.
16:58Gracias.
17:01Estos son los originales.
17:07Estos son los oldes.
17:09Estos son los principios de la mina.
17:12Estos son los 9 años.
17:14Estos son los primeros años.
17:25Esto es una idea muy cómica.
17:27¿Verdad?
17:28Sí.
17:29y la cosa muy cool es que esto es como una casa para los miembros de la gente
17:35la seguridad de los miembros
17:37la gente realmente tomó esto y tomó las facilidades para esto, ¿no?
17:43en vez de tomándolo, tomó las miembros
17:46y preservó la historia de la miembros de la misma
17:51parece que se ha ido a la primera check-pinta
17:59¿Has los strawes?
18:01Porque primero tenemos que ir a la alcohol test
18:11Ok, ustedes deben ir a la seguridad
18:13Una vez aquí, otra vez aquí
18:15Y otra vez aquí
18:17Pero parece que no, no está funcionando
18:19Y ahora soy el último en el cue
18:23Ahora tenemos que ir a la aquí
18:25¡Yay, no estoy drunk!
18:35Ok, chicos, estamos dentro de la mina
18:39Este es donde vamos a ir primero
18:41Ahora voy a mostrarles la timeline del museo
18:45Este es un pequeño museo
18:47Tenemos una pequeña timeline
18:49De lo que ustedes pudieron ver en el video
18:55Están en mi amor
18:57¿Vale?
18:59¡Vale!
19:01¡Vale!
19:03¡Vale!
19:05¡Vale!
19:07¡Vale!
19:09¡Vale!
19:11¡Vale!
19:15¡Vale!
19:17¡Gracias!
19:47This is also a cool thing, why guys, because this is basically how the interior of the mine will look like.
19:56So this will be the air conditioner, you know, just to keep mine cool and give oxygen inside of the mine itself.
20:04And it's how it looks like so they plastered everything.
20:07There you go guys we are inside of the real mine.
20:11mira eso
20:17mira eso
20:19las cosas están moviendo
20:23puedes imaginar la cantidad de debris que se recoge cada día
20:33me gusta lo que hiciste con esto
20:35esto es realmente genial
20:37me gusta la información
20:41esto fue aquired
20:45por un millón rand
20:47potencia de la vida de 50 años
20:51y luego tenemos una línea de tiempo
20:53curioso, la minera era en 1932
20:59por la gran depresión
21:01la minera era cerrada
21:03por unos años
21:05no mercado de mercados
21:07no mercado de mercados
21:09minedas
21:11no hacer sentido
21:13en producción
21:15esto es realmente enorme
21:17no pensaba
21:21esto es como...
21:23wow
21:25para darles una idea
21:27esto es la casa
21:29esto es la casa
21:31todo esto
21:33es cuidando de esto
21:35todos tienen las escaleras
21:37cada tres minutos
21:39esto es loco
21:41loco
21:43loco
21:45loco
21:47loco
21:49loco
21:51loco
21:53loco
21:55loco
21:57loco
21:59loco
22:01loco
22:03loco
22:05loco
22:07loco
22:09loco
22:11loco
22:13loco
22:15loco
22:17loco
22:19loco
22:21loco
22:23loco
22:25es
22:29loco
22:31loco
22:33loco
22:35loco
22:37La caja está en la derecha.
22:42Y ahora, les voy a mostrarles esta caja correctamente.
22:45Porque es la caja de la caja que he visto.
23:03Ok.
23:04La caja que está en la caja.
23:06Es un lugar genial para tomar fotos.
23:10Es muy cool.
23:14La caja también tiene estas cosas que probablemente se han continuado.
23:20Porque se expande definitivamente la caja.
23:26Así que es un recuerdo de la caja de la caja.
23:30Es muy cool.
23:32Es muy bueno.
23:34Es muy bueno.
23:36Es muy bueno.
23:38Es muy bueno.
23:44Es muy bueno.
23:46Es muy bueno.
23:48Vamos a mostrarles esto rápido.
23:50En el camino a la caja.
23:52Tenemos estos pequeños establecimientos.
23:54Como los griegos.
23:56Restaurantes.
23:58Hola.
23:59¿Cómo estás?
24:00Estos pequeños lugares.
24:02Estos pequeños.
24:04Estos pequeños.
24:06Estos pequeños.
24:08Estos pequeños.
24:09No.
24:10Estos pequeños.
24:11Estos pequeños.
24:12Estos pequeños.
24:14ah, estaban... ok
24:21y también hay esta parte de la ciudad de la pequeña
24:32que también es muy interesante
24:35parece que había una vieja estación de tren aquí
24:39¿por qué estas personas están viajando en los lados de la calle?
24:46ok, pero vamos allá
24:49es una ciudad muy rustica, ¿eh?
24:53hay un museo
24:55hay un museo
24:57buena pregunta
24:59oh, mira ese restaurante aquí
25:03mira, David
25:07puedo verlo
25:11hay un hotel tradicional
25:17esto es genial
25:19esto es genial, ¿eh?
25:21oh, Dios mío, ¿puedo ir a tomar una foto?
25:23si
25:25ok, si ustedes han perdido, aquí hay Bronco Sprut
25:27y Conan
25:29y ahora vean este maravilloso hotel
25:33estén
25:35estén
25:37estén
25:39ok, fam, esto es realmente una parte de la parte de la video
25:41voy a mostrarleslesleslesleslesleslesleslesleslesleslesleslesles
25:43la información
25:45y esto, otra vez, D sample
25:47mostra como
25:49entrepreñehum
25:51ですlesleslesleslesleslesleslesleslesleslesleslesleslesleslesleslesleslesleslesleslesxual
25:53station and they converted this into a shops you know very cool shops
26:02I'm actually checking the place again you guys have the shoe shed you guys can
26:11see this is a old train station that's the see they call a nun
26:23I already ate yeah cuz I was angry just coming to export this place so this is a
26:40Wow okay well thank you I appreciate it so it's a cool restaurant you guys have
26:49you how's it guys so cool restaurant that you guys have here let's just go to the
26:59other side it's just
27:04that's another parking day let's go through here
27:19the cool thing about Cullinan is very safe though nothing really happens
27:23so this is called the warehouse
27:28so you guys have other guys a small little shop here
27:37we got more stuff it's a gift shop here so here we have a gift shop you guys can buy
27:51anything you guys want here in Cullinan really cool
27:56and it continues there's more to see this place called a warehouse
28:03it's actually even more shops
28:20there you go guys this that little doggy there's just chilling
28:27yeah guys that's it let me know if you guys like this video if you guys want me
28:37to do more towns like this Cullinan is actually a very cool experience just to
28:40come for the day you know and now we're away from Johannesburg anyway guys hope you
28:45guys enjoy the video guys subscribe destroy that like button I'll see you in the
28:49next living in SATv video
29:19so
29:22so
29:26so
29:29so
29:33so
29:38Gracias por ver el video.
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