Como vulcão em erupção pode ter levado à pandemia de Peste Negra

Name: Como vulcão em erupção pode ter levado à pandemia de Peste Negra
Uploaded: 2025-12-08T23:48:55+00:00
Duration: 4 min 32 s
Channel: O Gato Laranja

O Gato Laranja

Você sabia que uma das maiores pandemias da história pode ter começado com uma erupção vulcânica? Neste vídeo, exploramos um novo estudo publicado na Communications Earth & Environment que conecta um evento climático extremo à devastadora Peste Negra do século XIV.

Pesquisadores descobriram evidências de que uma grande erupção (provavelmente nos trópicos por volta de 1345) lançou cinzas na atmosfera, bloqueando a luz solar e causando um resfriamento global. O resultado? Falhas nas colheitas e uma fome terrível na Europa.

Para sobreviver, cidades como Veneza e Gênova importaram grãos de emergência da região do Mar Negro. Mas esses navios trouxeram algo mais além de comida: ratos e pulgas infectados com a bactéria Yersinia pestis. O resto é história.

Assista para entender como a ciência uniu dados de anéis de árvores, núcleos de gelo e documentos medievais para desvendar essa "tempestade perfeita".

Post original: https://www.ogatolaranja.com.br/2025/12/como-vulcao-em-erupcao-pode-ter-levado.html

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#História #Curiosidades #Ciência #PesteNegra #Vulcão #Clima #IdadeMédia

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00:00How could the erupting volcano have led to the Black Death pandemic?

00:04The Black Death, one of the most devastating pandemics in history, wiped out up to half the population.

00:10The European earthquake may have been accidentally triggered by a volcanic eruption, according to...

00:15a new and intriguing study published this Thursday, the 4th, in the journal Communications

00:20Arf and Environment.

00:23By combining the analysis of European tree rings, data from Greenland ice cores

00:28and Antarctica and a meticulous examination of historical documents, an international team of researchers

00:33He built an unprecedented scenario.

00:35An extreme weather event reportedly forced Italian cities to resort to trade.

00:40emergency responder who unknowingly imported the deadly bacteria.

00:44The authors of the study propose that a large volcanic eruption, or a series of them,

00:49The location is unknown, but it was likely in the tropics, and it occurred around 1345.

00:56The resulting ash haze partially blocked sunlight in the Mediterranean region for several hours.

01:02years, causing a sharp drop in temperatures and significant crop losses, generating

01:08a severe grain shortage.

01:10I discovered that the most pronounced famine of the 13th and 14th centuries occurred specifically in those years.

01:16which directly preceded the Black Death, explained the study's co-author, historian Martin Bausch.

01:21Medieval climate and epidemiology department of the Leibniz Institute in Germany.

01:26To avoid famine and civil unrest, maritime powers such as Genoa and Venice were forced

01:31seeking emergency grain imports from the Black Sea region.

01:36It was in these vital shipments that the bacterium Ercinia pestis traveled.

01:41The ships carrying the grain were inadvertently infested with the deadly bacteria.

01:46originating from wild rodent populations in Central Asia.

01:50The pathogen was carried by rat fleas, which found a suitable form in the grains.

01:55survival gear for the long journey.

01:58Rat fleas are attracted to grain stores and can survive for months feeding on them.

02:03They use grain dust as an emergency food source, allowing them to endure the long journey.

02:09From the Black Sea to Italy, Bausch detailed.

02:11Once in the Italian ports, the redistribution of the grains brought rats and their infected fleas.

02:17to central warehouses and densely populated cities, beginning the devastation.

02:23Between 1347 and 1351, the Black Death killed at least 25 million people, reshaping the landscape.

02:31social, economic and cultural landscape of the continent for decades.

02:35The great innovation of the study lies in the union of disciplines.

02:39Martin Bausch combined historical documents, including administrative records and treaties,

02:45while his co-author, Ulf Bunten, a professor at the University of Cambridge, provided the evidence.

02:51climate.

02:53Tree rings

02:54Analysis of thousands of tree samples from across Europe revealed narrower rings,

02:59indicating an anomalous climate cooling for two to three consecutive years, which aligns

03:05perfectly aligns with Bausch's hunger hypothesis.

03:07Ice cores

03:09Independent ice core data corroborated the analysis, showing sulfur peaks that

03:14They are the clear chemical signature of a major volcanic eruption around 1345.

03:21Bunten emphasized that the volcanic origin could help explain one of the enduring mysteries.

03:25of the Black Death, because some cities like Rome or Milan were spared, while others

03:30They were devastated.

03:31The answer may lie in the dependence on grain imports.

03:36For example, the plague did not spread to Rome or Milan.

03:40They were large cities, but they were surrounded by grain-producing areas, so they didn't...

03:45They needed to import as urgently as Venice and Genoa, Bausch said.

03:50The new study is the first to suggest that the volcanic eruption was the first piece in

03:54a complex and tragic cascade of events.

03:57Professor Mark Velford of Northern Iowa State University, who was not involved.

04:03In his work, he noted that the research adds an interesting new element to understanding.

04:07from the intersection between climate change and disease dynamics, while the professor

04:12Mark Bailey, from the University of East Anglia, praised the authors' good sense in acknowledging

04:18that the Black Death was the result of an exceptional coincidence of natural and social forces.

04:24Thanks.

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