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Short filmTranscript
00:00event are you kidding me i'm exploring one of the seven wonders of the ancient world
00:06you really don't get how huge this thing is until you're right up next to it the great pyramid of
00:12giza i happen to have the key and you've got an all-access pass to go inside and unravel
00:20its greatest mysteries look at this how was it really built they're inventing a survey system
00:26to build the great pyramid where is the missing mummy of the pharaoh one glaring problem here
00:32no kufu and is his treasure-filled tomb still hiding within it should be right here behind
00:38this rock now the secrets of the pyramid will be unlocked what the hell is this and jaw-dropping
00:45discoveries will be revealed oh it's just sensational hey here we go is this a wall
00:52yes it's a part of the harbor it's incredible i've never seen anything like this what is that
00:58oh my god that's writing
01:00we could be looking at a lost passage in the great pyramid it is a lost passage
01:07the deserts of egypt the ultimate blank canvas nothing but sand wind and history
01:24thousands of years before the greeks crowned the acropolis with marble columns
01:36where china constructed the great wall a monument of geometric perfection pierced the horizon
01:43and reached for the sun
01:44this is the great pyramid of khufu
01:55the first man-made structure to define an empire it is one of the greatest engineering feats
02:04of all time and it has captivated everybody from alexander the great to napoleon hell even mr beast came
02:12here and for my entire life indeed for centuries people have been spinning some wild theories about this
02:18building some contend it has intense spiritual power others imagine alien architects or the
02:26handiwork of a lost advanced civilization after all how could ancient people four and a half millennia ago
02:33build something so perfect without modern tools without the wheel many have said it's basically impossible that
02:41its alignment is too mathematically precise its method of construction utterly baffling and many
02:47say that inside there may be hidden chambers or perhaps even a missing pharaoh
02:54several years ago scientists using remote sensing technology claimed to find evidence of voids inside the
03:01pyramid that may be undiscovered passages or the lost tomb and just recently an italian team set off an
03:08internet feeding frenzy contending that they've discovered massive columns beneath the great
03:13pyramid which some have gone so far as to say is an ancient engine or energy source the mysteries
03:20are as big as the pyramid itself and so i'm here to find answers a first ever laser map could tell us
03:29if there are concealed chambers inside the pyramid that have never been discovered possibly even the riches
03:35of a lost pharaoh's tomb researchers are also performing a groundbreaking series of 3d scans that may reveal
03:43how the pyramid is so perfectly aligned and on the edge of the red sea archaeologists are excavating
03:50long hidden caves that are exposing the biggest mystery of all how the pyramid was actually built
03:56so get ready to gawk like an egyptian as we explore inside humanity's ultimate monument and biggest mystery
04:09to finally reveal the secrets of the great pyramid
04:18the past is all around us oh my god it goes on forever a world of mystery
04:26come on look at that danger
04:33and adventure it's just straight down
04:37i gotta get a new job
04:40i travel to the far corners of the earth to uncover where legends end
04:45i got it yes and history begins here we go i'm josh gates and this is expedition unknown
05:06kairo city of the living this is the dusty beating heart of modern egypt home to 23 million people
05:14africa's ultimate mega city is crowded chaotic but never dull this is a place of momentum and mystery
05:27tourism is the new king in egypt and the local bazaar has enough tchotchkes for each and every one of the
05:3215 million annual visitors we got big pyramids little pyramids pyramids inside pyramids pyramid t-shirts
05:43whatever this is not to mention enough mummies to make brendan fraser jealous
05:48does it contain a tiny mum it does contain a tiny mummy yep and some of them are even functional
05:53what is that too this and all the other hardware is here so people can have a keepsake to remember
06:01the single most unforgettable structure on earth it is easily the first and best case of branding in
06:07history and it's all thanks to this guy meet khufu this tiny statuette is a replica of the only
06:14surviving depiction of the pharaoh who commissioned the great pyramid and despite building the only wonder
06:20of the ancient world that's still standing he actually wasn't the first guy to try to put a
06:24triangle in the sky all right fasten your seat belts time for a history lesson denial it's not just a
06:32river in egypt but in this case it is and this life-giving source of water is why egypt becomes a
06:37thing in the first place people start populating the banks of the nile in about 7 000 bc annual floods
06:44here create soil that make the egyptians really good at growing things and they also fight a fair amount
06:49take it easy guys that is until this guy the first pharaoh narmer unites upper and lower egypt into
06:54a single kingdom around 3100 bc this is also when single-story tombs called mastabas start appearing
07:00which are the cadillac of burials for the early egyptian elite sweet mastaba dude jump ahead 500
07:06years later and the third dynasty pharaoh gozer no wait that's ghostbusters sorry the pharaoh zozer has
07:12a higher vision literally with mastabas stacked one on top of the other and just like that the high-rise
07:18arms race begins with zozer's layer cake tomb the step pyramid later the pharaoh sneferu wants his
07:25own pyramid but doesn't love all those crinkly edges the architecture proves tricky his first effort
07:30collapses and the second turns out a little bent the third time's the charm though and he creates the
07:36first flat-sided pyramid known as the red pyramid then around 2600 bc sneferu's son khufu in a classic
07:44case of dad don't tell me what i can't do decides to supersize his father's innovation and build this
07:53the first thing that surprises most people about the great pyramid other than its enormous scale is
07:58that it doesn't just stand alone here in the desert these sands are surrounded on all sides by the ever
08:04expanding metropolis of greater cairo and the giza plateau that it sits on was once part of an ancient
08:10necropolis that back in the day was a mini city of its own the giza plateau is actually home to nine
08:18pyramids not to mention multiple temples cemeteries and this little beauty the sphinx which in their
08:24heyday were all surrounded by plazas paved with meticulously placed stones the two large pyramids next
08:31to khufu's were built by his son kafre and grandson mencare respectively but neither is larger or more
08:38impressive than the original i mean it's not called the great pyramid because it's the third best one
08:42here it stands nearly 45 stories tall and weighs an estimated 6 million tons it's made up of more
08:51than 2 million individual limestone blocks and is aligned to the cardinal directions with incredible
08:58precision it's nearly perfectly level and the area that it sits on is the size of 10 football fields
09:04none of these facts are in dispute but when it comes to the great pyramid just about everything
09:09else is subject to a lot of opinions and those opinions can get downright eccentric the idea that
09:16the pyramid is full of secrets or wasn't built by ancient egyptians has been with us since the first
09:22european explorers rolled in then in the 20th century self-proclaimed psychic edgar casey proposed a
09:28link to atlantis and author eric von daniken popularized extraterrestrial intervention an idea
09:35that's been in popular culture ever since and now the internet has taken up the baton with viral
09:42posts about secret chambers and hidden underground columns it's time to find out the truth so i reached
09:50out to the expert on all things great pyramid dr mark laner josh great to meet you good to see you here
09:56yeah mark has been mapping and studying the giza plateau for more than 50 years and is the author
10:02of big heavy books such as giza and the pyramids and the complete pyramids in other words this guy knows
10:08what he's talking about this pyramid i think has inspired more mysteries more questions more conspiracies
10:16than any other building on earth that's a fair statement yeah these big questions about the pyramid
10:22come down to the what the who and the how let's start with the what so at its most basic what is
10:30this thing so at its most basic this thing is a tomb it's a tomb and why a pyramid i mean we know that
10:36in later parts of ancient egyptian history they abandoned this whole pyramid why a pyramid you want the
10:42answer yeah we don't know but no but what we surmise from what evidence we have is that they were
10:49developing this worship of the sun they were starting to believe the pharaoh was the son of
10:54the sun so divinely incarnated from the sun god itself by making a pyramid shape it's like the rays
11:01of the sun that breaks through a cloud but by cladding it with polished white limestone it must have
11:07been as highly reflective as newly fallen snow today the great pyramid looks nothing like it did when it
11:13was new what appear to be limestone steps to us are actually the pyramid's inner core which was
11:19originally covered in an outer casing of smooth white limestone that was polished to a mirror shine
11:25and at the top it may even have had a golden capstone radiating light like a sun here on earth
11:32and so now the million dollar question who built this the feral khufu who reigned about 4 600 years ago
11:41or about 2 600 bc surprisingly little is known about khufu since almost no inscriptions about his reign
11:48survived the greek historian herodotus claimed he was a cruel tyrant though there's zero evidence to
11:55support that later egyptians regarded him as a wise ruler what we do know is that he was the second pharaoh
12:02of egypt's fourth dynasty a golden age of prosperity and trade he sent troops on expeditions abroad in search
12:09of precious materials like copper and turquoise and enjoyed a long reign of nearly 30 years and we
12:17can surmise that he was a very powerful king after all he commissioned his own monumental tomb a building
12:23project that still captivates the entire world 4 600 years later there have been so many kooky fringy
12:30theories about the pyramid right but one thing that all those theories have in common is that it always
12:36has to do with energy you know what in that they agree with the ancient egyptians it's all about
12:42energy they called that energy ka ka life force of the ancient egyptians it was a person's spirit energy
12:50or ethereal double which remained tethered to his body in death khufu who was considered a god on earth
12:57would have designed a grand tomb to act as a gateway to the afterlife it held his granite sarcophagus his
13:04gilded mummy weapons statues food and kingly riches his burial even contained so-called solar boats
13:12to carry him to the heavens so massive they were housed outside the building at the foot of the
13:17pyramid the entire structure was a kind of spiritual battery for his ka to be stored and nourished this
13:23building is a resurrection machine i love that okay so at the end of the day though this is a tomb for
13:29khufu uh and he's somewhere inside there simple as that no more mysteries we're good right well josh
13:36that's where it gets complicated i'm afraid there are still mysteries and some of those mysteries are
13:42about what's inside the pyramid and if you really want to understand we got to go inside can you show me
13:48yeah let's go come on boy you know you really don't get how huge this thing is until you're right up next
13:59to it standing at 481 feet the great pyramid of giza was not only the tallest building in the world
14:06when it was built but it was such a feat of engineering that it remained the tallest building
14:11in the world for nearly 4 000 years the entrance is up here okay we're going up yeah the steps of
14:20course are modern mark leads me up the side of the pyramid hopping over a barricade that's because
14:27we're going to the now off limits front door wow well josh welcome to the original entrance to the great
14:37pyramid this is insane i've been to the great pyramid before i have never been up here well you
14:45see the entrance itself is this three foot square little hole this is the original entrance down here
14:51this is the original entrance these angled blocks these are called the chevrons right yeah the french
14:56call them chevrons the size of those is obscene each immense 80-ton chevron block is placed to protect
15:04the tiny three foot entrance in a technique known as saddle vaulting there are actually five levels
15:10of chevrons here which help distribute the massive weight of the building above by directing it off to
15:16the sides and the chevrons themselves are resting on a colossal crossing block called a lintel like look
15:23at the size of this lintel block here well they think this maybe weighs 100 tons but as impressive as all
15:28of this is none of it was meant to be seen same for the door which was hidden from view by the pyramid's
15:35outer facing stones okay it occurs to me that one of the problems with being a pharaoh who wants to be
15:42entombed for all eternity with your kingly treasures is that by putting yourself in this pyramid you're kind
15:49of painting a target on it exactly i mean it's the biggest building in the world literally and it's blazing
15:54with sunlight reflected off the white casing it's as though saying if you want to get me i'm here right
16:00so how did khufu then protect himself from looters coming in here well he designed a totally unique
16:08set of chambers basically a series of locks comprising three principal lines of defense and
16:16it's almost like indiana jones get through one you have to get through the other and you have to get
16:20through the other then you get to his treasure but khufu was confident that nobody could unlock
16:27that machine but no lock is unpickable so who do we think is the first one to get in here the tradition
16:34is that it was caliph kind of like a sultan el mamoun in 832 a.d according to the story the caliph al
16:44mamoun who ruled over much of the arab world orders his men to break into the monument but with the
16:50main door hidden by the pyramid's outer casing the caliph's men make their own entrance we climb down
16:57to find a noticeable wound in the side of the structure josh this is the entrance to the robber's
17:06tunnel so they literally chiseled into the core of the pyramid itself they chiseled they smashed
17:13they pounded they built fires they heated the rock they poured cold vinegar on it and blasted their way
17:18in it was hard it was hard work all right well i happen to have the key just for you i mean we can
17:23get ourselves in key to the great pyramid hard to beat look at this oh here we go with mark taking
17:35the lead we've got rare private access to the entire pyramid including sections that are off limits to the
17:41public yeah we're in and we're in and we're in here we go
17:52yeah we're in here you go oh cool look at this i'm in egypt deciphering the mysteries of the great
18:03pyramid of giza with renowned archaeologist mark laner to find the truth about what's really inside this
18:10structure we've got a rare all-access pass to explore and map every square inch of it starting
18:16with the so-called robbers tunnel see there's no finished faces josh everything is rough they basically
18:23just bashed their way through you can actually see the original mortar stuffed between the stones for the
18:29robbers there must have been this real stress of whether all of this was going to stay up above
18:34their heads they didn't know but probably they didn't want to think about it probably best we
18:38don't either i mean i'm looking up at this gigantic now here you can actually see some of those blocks
18:43are just hanging aren't they yeah let's not think about it so let's take a look at where we are here
18:48okay so we have a tracker here so we can see where we are in the pyramid right uh-huh we're able to chart
18:54our position in real time so far we've come about 75 feet into the robbers tunnel bypassing the main
19:00entrance above us using the tracker we'll be able to map and reveal every inch of the pyramid's interior
19:08and so we're in this robbers tunnel now and we're going relatively straight back into the core of the
19:14pyramid but you see notice at the end how it hooks to the left yeah what's going on up there at that
19:19turn things get really interesting we don't think
19:21wow oh hold on this is like a lot to take in so they blasted their way in hooked a left
19:32and then they tunneled down and up right when the robbers pushed into the pyramid they bypassed khufu's
19:41first lock the hidden front door and found two passages at this junction what's known as the
19:47descending passage which begins under the chevrons at the original entrance and descends down to this
19:53point where it meets up with another passage the so-called ascending passage that goes up into the
19:59heart of the pyramid a passage that appears partially blocked by granite slabs and i can't help but notice
20:06these giant stone blocks here that is basically a line of defense against any robbers that would get in
20:15why granite because josh granite is so hard to break through as the builders exited the pyramid they
20:24engaged khufu's second locking mechanism behind them these nearly three ton granite blocks were released
20:30sliding down and wedging tightly into place sealing off the ascending passage as well as presumably khufu's
20:37tomb and treasure like soap bars they boom boom boom when sliding down boom boom boom and that closed
20:44the upper part of the pyramid that's pretty goonies pretty goonies goonies yeah really well i'll show
20:52it to you later it's a great movie and just like the goonies the robbers who broke in here defeated this
20:59booty trap by tunneling around it into the ascending passage now it's our turn now it's going to be tight
21:07we're going to have to crouch over but then things change dramatically okay so not for the claustrophobic
21:13it's not for the claustrophobic but it's well worth the climb lean on here we go going up
21:22this passage is just three and a half by four feet and ramps uphill at a 26 degree angle
21:28wait i'm kidding that is tight can you imagine coming up here without the wooden walkway oh my gosh
21:36i mean this just goes on forever it's not an easy climb but at the end is one of the pyramid's biggest
21:43mysteries literally josh welcome to the grand gallery wow oh it's just sensational
21:55it's one of the marvels of the ancient world it's insane look at this place
22:00yeah we can get up in there on these ladders wow
22:10i mean this is without a doubt one of the most truly spectacular and really mysterious rooms
22:21ever built if we look at where we are we are now way up inside the pyramid
22:26we're mapping the interior as we go having climbed 129 feet up a steep grade in the so-called ascending
22:33passage to arrive at the heart of the pyramid in the grand gallery it's seven feet wide and over
22:39150 feet long with nearly 30 foot ceilings if there was ever a reason to be a conspiracy theorist
22:47this is the room that would do it for you and yet it is sort of alien above and around us are six
22:55million tons of stone held at bay by some extremely otherworldly looking engineering
23:02in reality the principle is simple known as corbelled vaulting this ancient breakthrough uses slightly
23:08overlapping stones to taper the walls inward redistributing the weight above it but there's
23:14one mystery about the grand gallery that may never be solved why they bothered to build it josh
23:20you know it was never meant to be seen so why what is its purpose you know what what is this for you
23:26could think it was like a cathedral in terms of its loftiness and its effect you know on the human soul
23:32but nobody was ever going to come in here nobody was ever meant to come in here and it was never meant
23:37to be seen want to see where it leaves yeah let's go we make our way like ants through the soaring
23:46heights of the grand gallery climbing up a large step at the end
23:52and we got one more passage ahead of us here ahead we slip through a small opening to a narrow
23:58chamber beyond and encounter khufu's third and final defense what is this this is known as the
24:06antechamber and it's basically a big locking mechanism so what you have here are these bars
24:12of stone in the granite they define these slots one two three for sliding stones
24:20this room above the grand gallery was sealed with granite slabs set into notches putting an extra 20
24:27tons or so of solid rock between any would-be thieves and the king it's like an ancient padlock
24:34it's it is all the panel lock yeah all the pins and springs and and will you release the springs
24:41and basically shut the pyramid down it's amazing and this is totally unique but the robbers who entered
24:47here more than a thousand years ago were undeterred either prying up the panels or bashing through them
24:53desperate to find the pharaoh and his riches then finally we're at the final destination of this whole
25:01system presumably where they put the king's mummy to rest for all time the king's chamber the king's chamber
25:09in this case appropriately named okay the king's chamber we're only steps from the reason for this
25:16entire monument a breath away from the burial chamber of khufu oh look at this room
25:30wow you know it's impressive in its simplicity just because of its size and it's all granite it is
25:39beyond impressive exploring the great pyramid of giza archaeologist mark laner and i have entered the
25:46so-called king's chamber we are now 141 feet high inside the monument in a 35 foot long rectangular
25:55chamber fit for a god king the room is clad in massive blocks of red granite including nine immense
26:04ceiling slabs that weigh up to 40 tons each the size of this room considering the amount of stone
26:12around us is like totally improbable indeed in fact that much weight above a flat ceiling should be
26:20well impossible in 1837 british egyptologist colonel howard weiss felt the same way so he did what any
26:2919th century explorer would do he used gunpowder to blast a hole and above the king's chamber vice
26:36discovered five independent chambers stacked on top of each other capped by huge granite chevrons
26:43all designed to keep the enormous weight of the pyramid from collapsing the room below
26:48inside these so-called relieving chambers the 19th century explorers carved graffiti on the walls
26:54but it turns out so did the original builders leaving behind the only ancient writing found
27:00anywhere inside the great pyramid in these chambers they found painted lines in red paint
27:07giving measurements giving level lines and giving the names of the work gangs who are actually working
27:13on building this incredible set of structures alien theorists take note these construction marks and
27:21names of workers are the kind of thing you might find scribbled behind the drywall of any building
27:26site today this shows us the unmistakable human hands behind this project and those hands built
27:33other hidden features here we also see these small holes right and these small holes are called air
27:41passages because they were formed like a gutter these eight inch square shafts run more than 200 feet
27:49to the exterior of the pyramid their purpose is debated but most scholars see them as symbolic
27:56perhaps allowing the pharaoh's ka or spirit to exit the tomb they may also align with stars significant
28:03to egyptian cosmology but the most important thing is right behind you the sarcophagus this is it
28:10the sarcophagus now we have this amazing chamber right this unbelievable granite construction right so one
28:19glaring problem here no khufu right he's not here he's not here and this is where things get weird
28:29when caliph al-mamun's men first entered the king's chamber in the ninth century the room and the
28:34sarcophagus were reportedly empty and no significant treasure was found so is there a chance that the
28:43reason they didn't find his body here is because he was never buried here there's a chance there is
28:50it's possible that the real burial of the king is elsewhere i keep my mind open to that idea with even
28:57some ideas of elsewhere meaning where have we been everywhere no in fact every answer to every question that
29:05you're asking right now is complicated by the fact that there are two other chambers lower in the
29:12pyramids can we see them you need to see them to see the full story does that mean we're going back
29:17down that means going way way down okay let's go all right to reach the first of these chambers mark
29:27leads us out of the king's chamber and back to the bottom of the grand gallery where a tiny portal near the
29:33entrance leads to a long horizontal passage oh this is tough it's a tight fit so we're basically just
29:44traveling underneath the grand gallery right now yeah and at the end another impressive room
29:54wow yeah josh welcome to the so-called queen's chamber so here we have another huge chamber different
30:02than the king's chamber we don't have this red granite white white limestone and while archaeologists
30:09have dubbed it the queen's chamber there's no evidence it was ever meant for a queen the room was
30:15found empty and like the king's chamber it also has two strange ventilation shafts but these are even
30:21stranger from here in the queen's chamber the shafts extend seven feet and then angle upward at 32 degrees
30:28for nearly 250 feet appearing to dead end inside the pyramid several decades ago archaeologists started
30:36sending robotic explorers into these puzzling shafts in 2002 one of them discovered a limestone door of
30:44sorts with two copper handles on it in 2011 a robot named jetty was able to drill a hole through it and
30:52found another small chamber behind it a next-gen robot will be deployed here in the coming years
30:57but it seems unlikely that khufu or his riches are going to be crammed back there so you don't
31:03believe this room was ever intended for khufu's burial no i do not and that leaves us one last chamber
31:10inside the great pyramid closed to the public and not for the faint of heart it's appropriately called
31:17the subterranean chamber to go to that one we have to go down deep into the bowels of the bedrock
31:2390 feet under the surface of the plateau oh boy
31:29we head back through the horizontal passage and then down to the junction where the robber's tunnel
31:35meets the descending passage below the original entrance that descending passage it turns out
31:40continues to descend into the darkness and so we go down
31:45hey mark yeah this kind of sucks and soon we find ourselves within the earth itself
31:56we're now in bedrock we're not in a passage built of blocks essentially it's a tunnel cut right through
32:04the living rock so we're not even in the building anymore we're underneath the pyramid that's right
32:09so the entire weight of the great pyramid of giza is above our heads right now i'm afraid so josh
32:14and there's no alternative escape route well you're really a ray of sunshine you know that it gets
32:18better and better come on oh my word we are now in a tunnel carved directly into the bedrock by khufu's
32:27engineers a passage that extends for a whopping 344 feet there is one narrow shortcut here that links
32:41this tunnel to the grand gallery above it's called the well shaft it was perhaps to provide ventilation
32:48during construction or an escape tunnel for the builders either sounds good to me right about now
32:55okay i'm at the bottom here the way forward is even narrower but at the end of this crawl is something
33:01amazing okay well it's come this far yeah let's do it
33:11okay almost there and it opens up into something oh what the hell is this
33:24what do you think josh what is this place this is different yeah so put it mildly
33:38deep beneath the giza plateau i've been granted rare and special access to a subterranean chamber
33:44that may hold the key to the last resting place of the pharaoh khufu as well as the mysteries of his
33:51pyramid this isn't just different this is another world down here well you know it literally is
33:58another world in this chamber they were hollowing out of the bedrock the living rock 90 feet below the
34:06original plateau surface so 90 feet under the plateau i mean look look where we are
34:13this room is without a doubt the most bizarre feature of the pyramid it is rough hewn and unfinished
34:21and feels like a pitch black primordial cave and recently the internet was set ablaze when an italian
34:28team using radar data claimed there's even more down here specifically massive column-like structures
34:35that some have likened to an engine or power source but the only thing beneath this room is a hand-dug
34:41ancient pit and that's just a dead-end shaft there it's a dead-end shaft it doesn't align with the
34:46chamber it's actually diagonal to the chamber but it's almost like a probe
34:51and that probe went down only 10 feet before the ancient egyptians stopped in the 1830s
34:58archaeologists dug down another 30 feet and found nothing no kooky columns we're in a clearly
35:05unfinished room that was carved with huge difficulty out of otherwise solid bedrock in fact the technology
35:12used in the italian team's claim is considered unreliable none of the findings have been peer
35:17reviewed and every credible archaeologist has dismissed it as fantasy so that case is firmly closed now i just
35:26need mark to explain one thing all right so what the hell is this room for i don't know really nobody
35:34knows one idea is this was where he was originally going to be buried and he wanted to be buried deep
35:40under his pyramid we can see signs of the workers stations and even their chisel marks but what's chilling
35:48is that for some reason the workers here on one particular day simply walked away this whole unfinished
35:56chamber leaving us kind of a frozen moment in their work instills in me the sense that there were there
36:03was a dark side to pyramid building
36:08hollowing out this space would have been grueling deadly work performed deep beneath the earth in nearly
36:13pitch black conditions so why did they throw in the towel well perhaps it's because khufu died mid
36:20project or that he changed his mind about where in the building he wanted to be interred so instead of
36:26looking down perhaps we should be looking up okay so have we now traversed every tunnel every chamber of
36:34the great pyramid we've been everywhere that you can go but could there be other chambers inside the
36:40great pyramid you know josh there was a time when i would have said that's doubtful but now i'm not so
36:46sure really yeah because of recent discoveries by a project called scan pyramids the group is made
36:54up of a team of highly respected experts from egypt as well as france japan germany switzerland the us
37:01and canada in 2016 they used cutting edge detectors to measure naturally occurring subatomic particles
37:08called muons and how they're absorbed or scattered when they hit the dense pyramid and the team
37:14detected something shocking two possible voids the first is supposedly behind the chevron blocks above
37:22the main entrance but many experts had real doubts that something was there that is until recently when
37:29they inserted a six millimeter wide endoscopic camera between the blocks and voila proved there was a
37:36small empty corridor there but it's the second void that has egyptologists salivating
37:44high above the grand gallery they claim to have found something even bigger an open space a hundred
37:50feet long and 20 feet high similar in profile to the gallery itself it could be a hidden burial chamber
37:58or nothing at all so now what i mean this is one of the seven wonders of the world they're not going
38:04to start blasting blocks off the side of the pyramid no my egyptian colleagues would never allow that
38:09but there may be non-invasive ways of investigating the interior and we may have a way of understanding
38:15the interior of the pyramid with something we're scanning on the outside can i see it yeah it's happening right now
38:21to figure out if there might be a bus sized chamber high up inside the pyramid we climb back to the
38:31surface and mark leads me a few hundred feet away to one of his colleagues who also happens to be an old
38:37friend soren hey john i think you know this guy sure do what's going on soren great to see you dr soren michael
38:47sinbeck is an accomplished archaeologist whom i assisted on the hunt for the tomb of the viking
38:52king herald bluetooth you're in the wrong civilization here shouldn't you be at a viking site well yeah
38:56our college is a very small world i met mark at a conference and we realized that the tech that we'd
39:01been using in our viking date in denmark was just perfect for what was going on here scanning scanning
39:06scanning something really unusual come take a look watch your steps this is wild look at this place
39:12what is this located in the shadow of the east side of the great pyramid this strange set of
39:20open-air tunnels was dug by the builders of the great pyramid at the time of its construction
39:26it's kind of uh an oddity it's weird okay look familiar does this look familiar yeah think about it
39:32think where we just were it certainly does look a little bit like it could be a pyramid passage well
39:37there's a passage but look what you're standing and what we're standing on this is like the beginning
39:41of the grand gallery wait a minute you're right this is the bottom of the grand gallery these are
39:46the exact same kind of benches we were standing on yeah and there's that same ramp and that would go
39:51to the queen's chamber that would go to the queen's chamber but it's like a duplicate egyptologists so
39:56far think it's a model of the passages in the pyramid this may be the world's earliest scale model
40:02yes that the world's first scale model and if it is an accurate model then it's also a kind of map
40:09right and that map may have clues to secrets about what's going on inside the pyramid for instance
40:17a hidden void or chamber remember in raiders that scale model of the egyptian city of tanis that led
40:24indy to the lost ark i'm just saying it worked for him so how do we prove that that's where we need a
40:31really detailed 3d scan to compare and see whether it lines up right is it truly a match or just a rough
40:38approximation exactly that's what we need that's what we need okay so should we scan let's do it
40:46it's a tight squeeze so mark stays back while sorin and i enter with the 3d scanner
40:51this area is off limits to the public and has never been digitally mapped
40:55this is just like being inside the pyramid it's incredible now isn't it oh look okay so we've got
41:04an intersection here yeah just like between the ascending and the destiny passages and you look
41:10there's even a little lip here right that would have stopped moving blocks if this was a model for
41:18the network of tunnels inside the great pyramid then it appears to copy this critical intersection
41:23where massive granite plugs slid into place sealing the ascending passage so if they were
41:30sliding those granite blocks down here that might have been a stopper yeah and does this continue
41:34down yeah and there's another passage let's go down okay so look at this this actually goes down just like
41:47the descending passage yeah in the great pyramid that's insane so start scanning here yeah
41:53i think this is a great spot we can see all the passages right here to learn if this intersection
41:59of tunnels truly mirrors those in the great pyramid or reveals something previously unknown we initiate
42:05our high-tech investigation okay so let's fire it up yeah the scanner activates sending out laser pulses
42:14that capture nearly 700 000 position points per second accurate to the fraction of a millimeter
42:21these measurements are stitched together with video shot by multiple hd cameras producing an exact
42:273d rendering okay so scan complete yeah all done man look here that is incredible look at that look at that
42:37that's amazing
42:37so let's say your granddad is sneferu the guy who basically invents pyramid construction even if one of
42:49his attempts is a little well bent and your father is khufu the guy who builds this the great pyramid tallest
42:56structure on earth for nearly 4 000 years tough act to follow so how do you make your mark well if you're khufu's
43:04son khafre you build this the great sphinx 240 feet long 66 feet tall carved out of the solid bedrock and
43:14most scholars agree that that is the face of khafre which means this is basically the world's first selfie
43:20take that that is incredible we've got our intersection here we've got our descending
43:33passage and we've got the intersection here going to the ascending passage that goes up to the grand
43:36gallery i'm working with archaeologist soren sinbeck to scan these so-called trial passages to confirm
43:44the theory that they were built as an identical model for the nearby great pyramid okay so we need
43:50to scan deeper i think as well yeah yeah but once we have the data we can actually see if it matches
43:55right and see if there's anything in here that we don't know about in there exactly we deploy our
44:02equipment and initiate the full scan you ready i'm ready one two three go invisible lasers sweep every
44:12millimeter of the tunnel walls all right scans complete let's go do the next one we then reposition
44:18the device and scan again and again collecting millions of data points once the full survey is
44:27done we finally return to the surface okay now what we need a few days to process it once we've done that
44:33we can go and compare it to the great pyramid amazing here we go i got the scanner yeah let's do it
44:37once the data is processed we'll take the digital replica inside the great pyramid and use augmented
44:45reality software to compare how the passages match and how they deviate but while we wait for answers
44:52i'm on to a new mission and it's as big as the pyramid itself specifically the two plus million
44:59limestone blocks each weighing two to three tons that make up this iconic structure
45:04how is it possible that the ancient egyptians were able to carve haul and somehow lift them as high
45:13as 450 feet into the sky it's a puzzle that has many people seeing ancient aliens but i've just gotten
45:20word about an excavation that may have the real answers curiously it's located far from the pyramid
45:27on the shores of the red sea when you think about bodies of water that made egypt into the greatest
45:39empire in the ancient world well it's all about the nile longest river on the planet that turned egypt
45:45into a farming powerhouse the red sea on the other hand is saltier than most oceans quite simply nothing
45:52grows here so what does this lifeless desert have to do with one of mankind's most soaring achievements
45:59the great pyramid well i have no idea 150 hot and dusty miles later and i approach the saharan site
46:08known as wadi al jarro arriving at a gorgeous beach on moses's favorite shortcut where i'm greeted by
46:16archaeologist dr muhammad abed al magid hello hello nice to meet you i'm josh nice to meet you too i'm
46:24muhammad welcome welcome to wadi al jarrof thank you happy to be here okay what do i need to know about
46:29wadi al jarrof this site explains the secrets of the pyramids first of all what site i don't see a site
46:36the site is right there in the water underwater the secret to the pyramids is underwater absolutely
46:44i'm intrigued let's go and see show me come on fortunately i always bring my dive gear to the
46:53desert so i can put on a wetsuit in 110 degree heat it's very shallow here yes only a few feet deep follow me
47:07right behind you very sandy bottom here yes very featureless
47:19josh look at this huge piles of stones is that man-made yes it's a part of a harbor
47:28this was a harbor not just any harbor this is the oldest man-made harbor ever discovered
47:35is built by kofo 4 500 years ago unbelievable oldest harbor in the world incredible and how does that
47:47connect to the pyramids you're about to find out coming up on an all-new season of expedition unknown
48:02here we go i'm cracking the mysteries of the pyramid of giza the hard way
48:07it's working and what we discover could rewrite history are we looking at a lost passage in the
48:14great pyramid and later a search for a gold rush fortune with a gold rush guest star parker schnabel
48:20that's a good chunk the student has become the teacher plus i live out my childhood dreams on the
48:2840th anniversary of the goonies hey you guys where a real life treasure hunt could lead to pirate riches
48:36this is a piece of a spanish galley from a frigid dive for a top secret nazi sub that is an unexploded
48:44sea mine to the sweltering jungles of nicaragua this is tough going it's the adventure of a lifetime so
48:52what are we waiting for
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