- 18 hours ago
Documentary, NHK - China- The Great Dragon
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LearningTranscript
00:00Change, China's daily reality, perhaps most noticeable of late in its mega Indian cities.
00:30100 million migrant farm laborers are having to leave these mega cities.
01:00With a population of 1.4 billion, China has become a major economic power, but as the Chinese
01:15economy slows down, the country is being forced to face a major turning point.
01:24The government's National New Type Urbanization Plan is designed to build the foundation for
01:29China's future economic growth by transforming its landscape and moving 100 million people.
01:40The trigger for this will be the resettlement of huge numbers of farm laborers to smaller
01:44cities.
01:53By turning farmers into urban consumers, the government is aiming to double China's GDP
01:58by 2020.
01:59The government policy will create a flood of 100 million migrant farmers.
02:19We go deep into the heart of this sweeping national project of China, the Great Dragon.
02:24The Great Dragon
02:25The Great Dragon
02:26The Great Dragon
02:31The Great Don
02:57Zhengzhou in Henan province is an inland industrial city.
03:09It has a population of 10 million.
03:12About a third are farmers and their families who have left their rural villages to look for work.
03:18It's these migrant farm laborers who have fueled China's economic growth.
03:29Ahead of the rest of the nation, Zhengzhou has implemented the new policy targeting these migrant farmers.
03:36One of China's largest residential districts for migrant farmers is right in the heart of the city.
03:54800 apartment buildings are jammed into this district called Chenzhai.
03:58Migrant farmers have resided here for the last 20 years.
04:07Their numbers have grown over the years and now 180,000 of them call this place home.
04:18They labor for low wages at construction sites and factories or make their living by running eateries and shops.
04:25Last 20 days there is a large part of the wealthy local cuisine in Hong Kong.
04:28The local food in Hong Kong
04:31is talking about the local cuisine in Hong Kong.
04:34For me they work for many places in Hong Kong to learn how to stop food and influence.
04:35The food is heard from Hong Kong.
04:37It's Thorne.
04:39Do you have any idea where the young people?
04:40Do you work in Hong Kong?
04:41Yes, it's in Hong Kong.
04:42Do you have any idea where people can eat food too?
04:44How many people do you?
04:45Yes, it's for six years.
04:46How many people do you know how to buy food?
04:48How many?
04:49The only household food is the best and how many people do you to eat.
04:52Did you know how many people do you know how many people do you know?
04:53In the middle of July 2016, city officials made a sudden announcement to the residents of Chenjai.
05:02The plan is to evict the migrant farmers so Chenjai can be demolished and the area redeveloped.
05:30The residents have about a month to move.
05:32It was a bolt out of the blue for many of them.
05:41City officials send in security officers to start enforcing the order.
06:00More than 100 security officers have been mobilized.
06:08Walking in groups, they pressure residents to move out quickly.
06:17Walking in groups, they pressure residents to move out quickly.
06:26They pressure residents to move out quickly.
06:34The security officers take bolder action as they work to enforce the edict.
06:43They methodically confiscate the equipment and goods the migrant farmers are using for their businesses.
06:52The security officers take bolder action as they work to enforce the edict.
07:00They methodically confiscate the equipment and goods the migrant farmers are using for their businesses.
07:09The security officers take bolder action as they work to enforce the government.
07:18The government has a lot of money.
07:20The government has a lot of money.
07:21The government has a lot of money.
07:23The government has a lot of money,
07:28and the poor people have a lot of money,
07:31and we have a lot of money.
07:35The government has a lot of money,
07:38and the government has a lot of money.
07:46In Zhengzhou, already more than 90 residential districts
07:49for migrant farmers have disappeared.
07:53More than 600,000 people have been evicted.
08:10Behind this eviction of migrant farmers
08:12is China's national project
08:14to revitalize the nation's sluggish economy.
08:17It's the National New Type Urbanization Plan,
08:25launched by President Xi Jinping
08:27and his administration in 2014.
08:29Up until now, rural farmers have concentrated in big cities.
08:37Under the new urbanization plan,
08:39the government is trying to redirect farmers to the small and medium-sized cities.
08:49By making 100 million farmers move, the plan is to create new generators of consumption.
09:01As a first step, the government is demolishing the migrant farmers' residential districts in the big cities,
09:15ostensibly to redevelop the areas.
09:17At the same time, it's going to develop smaller designated cities in an effort to attract migrant farmers.
09:27Then farmers from nearby villages will be moved to these cities,
09:31turning 100 million farmers into urban residents.
09:34The idea is these people will find jobs in these smaller cities,
09:40and their consumption will grow, ramping up domestic demand.
09:44This will be replicated throughout the country to spur economic growth.
09:52China's goal? To double its GDP by 2020.
10:07As soon as possible, China's economy will always be able to create a new generation.
10:19This epic experiment is underway.
10:29In the Chen Chai district, the pressure to force out migrant farmers is growing.
10:37Chinese farmers are growing.
10:54Right up until the end, some people still find it hard to tear themselves away from Chen Chai.
11:00It's very good.
11:10It's too good.
11:16Shang-Ching Dan has been in the restaurant business for the last 30 years.
11:20He and his wife offer a meat bun and soup set for $1.
11:36They've supported the migrant farmers who labor for low wages.
11:40This is Shang's nine-year-old daughter.
11:56This is Shang's nine-year-old daughter.
12:04This is Shang's nine-year-old daughter.
12:10Her job is to be on the lookout for a raid by the authorities.
12:26Suddenly, she runs off.
12:40Can I get a release date?
12:42This is Shang's nine-year-old daughter.
12:48We are running for!
12:58Let's do this one.
12:59Hiding his goods, Shang gets away with it, for now.
13:20He's trying to protect the only livelihood he's known for the past three decades in this migrant life.
13:29How does this not open?
13:31It's not open, it's open to the store.
13:34It's not open to the store.
13:36It's not open to the store.
13:39It's not open to the store.
13:45Up to now, rural migrant farmers like Xiang have been at the mercy of the times.
13:52After the founding of the People's Republic of China, farmers were tied to their villages.
14:02They weren't permitted to move away from their farms to ensure the stable supply of food.
14:07But Chinese leaders began to open up the nation in the 1980s.
14:14Farmers flooded into the big cities seeking a more affluent life.
14:18However, these rural migrants lived separate existences from urban residents.
14:33They were treated as a faceless labor force that worked for low wages.
14:39For the last few years, the Chinese economy has been slowing down.
14:46Most of the country's nearly 300 million migrant farmers have lost steady employment.
14:53And now, they are being forced out of the big cities.
15:18Xiang is facing one of the toughest decisions of his life.
15:25His eviction deadline is in two weeks.
15:34For days on end, the tables at his restaurant have sat empty.
15:39How much more?
15:42Should we get back to the place?
15:45Some people don't find a lot on the food.
15:48Some people don't seem kind of sore a lot.
15:51I'm worried about the food.
15:54The food is still nice.
15:56You do it a lot.
15:57It's a little bit more.
15:58You are exhausted.
16:00There's a lot more than a million dollars.
16:02The food is just no longer.
16:05I'm sure they are still busy.
16:06Here's the food is clean.
16:08The next day,
16:37it's not business as usual for Xiang.
17:07Xiang spent 30 years building up his business, but now his migrant worker life has come
17:12to an end.
17:14The residential areas where migrant farmers could live cheaply have been almost all demolished.
17:29Now, they have nowhere to live in Zhengzhou.
17:36The 180,000 rural migrant farmers have to say goodbye to the Chenjai district.
17:57The 180,000 rural migrant farmers have to say goodbye to the Chenjai district.
18:04And as they begin to leave their homes and the city, the harsh reality of rural life awaits
18:30them.
18:34Xiang comes from the village of Wanglingcheng, about 200 kilometers south of Zhengzhou.
18:50Xiang is staying at the house where his mother, his elder sister and her family live.
19:06It's the first time he's been back here in 30 years.
19:10The village wasn't lifted by China's economic boom.
19:13It's become desolate.
19:15This is the house where Xiang was born and raised.
19:36It's fallen into disrepair.
19:38Xiang and his family won't be able to live here unless they fix it up.
19:44And something else has happened that he didn't expect.
19:57The elementary school where he was going to send his daughter has been closed.
20:04The village children left for the city with their migrant worker parents.
20:08They were allowed to pass a while to pass a while.
20:13Ultimately, they don't need to take care of their house.
20:18You can't take care of your family.
20:21But the next item is to make the money out of the city.
20:23His family will pay for a lot of time.
20:25Our future costs are to pay for $10,000, not to pay for $10.000.
20:28It's going to pay for $10.000, but to pay $10.000.
20:31that I don't want to get there
20:34shall not gather on it for me
20:41will shang and his family be able to live in this village
20:45what about his daughter's education
20:48shang has started thinking about moving to a nearby city
20:52the Chinese government is expecting that small and medium-sized cities will absorb rural farmers
21:13under the new urbanization plan a construction boom is underway in China's smaller cities
21:22huge amounts of investment money are fueling this development
21:31Chinese stock prices have repeatedly decreased over the past few years
21:34and investors are having a hard time finding alternative targets for investments
21:45government leaders are urging them to invest in small and medium-sized cities
21:49hoping to revitalize the economy
21:56when the government announced the new urbanization plan
21:59investment money began flowing in accelerating the development
22:07some local governments are helping rural farmers purchase apartment units by giving them subsidies
22:12I mean you do yes I get out of the way that you have to be
22:19simply by way I can money maybe if you want to rely on it
22:22so you know we want to sell women there
22:25we don't know if there are
22:27you know I know if I don't know if I don't know if I don't know if I don't know if I don't know if I don't know if I
22:33we don't know if I don't know if you don't know if I don't care
22:34the new urbanization plan is being implemented by bringing together public and private stakeholders
22:44its success depends on the choices made by the farmers
22:47Depends on the choices made by the farmers.
22:57Shang is still trying to find his feet after returning to his village.
23:02Today he's visiting a nearby city to see about opening a restaurant.
23:10Xu Chang is one of the cities earmarked for further development in the government's plan.
23:17This model displays the facilities envisioned for the city when the plan is completed.
23:31With an industrial park and a distribution hub in the works,
23:34the plan is to increase the city's population by a further 300,000 by 2020.
23:48Science.
24:04Xiang is looking at a property in a commercial district that's been revitalized.
24:08The rent is nearly three times what Shang paid in Chen Jai.
24:36Will it be worth it? The steep cost makes it hard to decide what to do.
24:53Shang also feels uneasy about the surrounding neighborhood.
25:04The closed restaurants and vacant shops have caught his attention.
25:17And there are not many shoppers in the mall.
25:24There are many shops in the malls.
25:34There are many shops in the malls.
25:37There are many shops in the malls.
25:39You don't have to see them.
25:41You don't have to pay money.
25:44How many shops can you pay?
25:46I don't have to pay.
25:47At night, only a few lights are on in the huge apartment buildings.
26:00The effort to resettle farmers in smaller cities is making little progress for now.
26:10Some reports say that in 2015, unsold apartments in China amounted to enough space to house 13 million people, with a cumulative total of over 100 million.
26:21Shang cannot find work, either in his village or the nearby city.
26:36His irritation and impatience are beginning to have an impact on his family.
26:53Hisándo has been a very difficult week.
26:54You see, you can buy them.
26:55You can buy them.
26:56Here are you.
26:57Yes, we'll go on.
26:58Come.
26:59Why do you wear them?
27:00They are not the same.
27:01You don't have to pay.
27:02I am the same.
27:03You did not pay for that in your house.
27:04I should call you.
27:06It is to buy the shops.
27:07It is to buy the shops.
27:08I cannot pay for you.
27:09It is to buy your business.
27:10Don't pay for me.
27:11It is to buy people.
27:12We are not the same.
27:13You can do something.
27:14I cannot pay for my money.
27:15You can do something.
27:16Left behind by China's economic growth, the migrant farmers find themselves caught between the government's plan and reality.
27:46It's been more than 30 years since Chinese leaders began opening up their nation. More and more migrant farmers only know the megacity life.
27:58It's the middle of August 2016. The deadline for moving out of the Chengjai district in Zhengzhou has arrived.
28:09Some migrant workers in Chengjai are still lingering in the city without returning to their villages.
28:16Li Junfeng is one of them. He began working as a migrant worker when he was 15 and has lived in Zhengzhou ever since.
28:29Li and his family want to remain in Zhengzhou and are searching for a way to become urban residents here.
28:42They moved to an old rental apartment.
28:45They moved to an old rental apartment.
28:47Li and his family want to remain in Zhengzhou and are searching for a way to become urban
28:55residents here.
29:09They move to an old rental apartment.
29:19Li is finding it especially hard to leave Zhengzhou.
29:29His father has a brain tumor which has paralyzed his left arm.
29:37Li Zhengzhou has a hospital where he can get treatment.
30:07But there is a high barrier that must be cleared before migrants can become urban citizens.
30:26Since China's founding, its household registration system has strictly differentiated farmers from
30:36urban residents.
30:37Health care, education, social insurance and other benefits a person may receive differ
30:44depending on the family register.
30:47After adoption of the reform and opening up policy, farmers were permitted to move to
30:52the cities.
30:53But in principle, they could not receive the sort of advanced health care and education
30:58city dwellers could.
31:02However, with the dissatisfaction of farmers rising, the new urbanization plan is aiming
31:07to dissolve the distinction between rural and urban residents.
31:09It is a common distinction between rural and urban residents.
31:30Until now, purchasing a house was a requirement for farmers to acquire urban resident status.
31:39A shift in national policy has made it easier for farmers to receive urban resident status
31:44by just renting a house in small and medium-sized cities.
31:50Government leaders are trying to encourage farmers to move to smaller cities.
32:02Even so, Lee is aiming to buy an apartment in the large city of Zhengzhou and become an urban
32:08citizen.
32:13After he was forced out of the Chenjai district, Lee started up a street stall in a corner of a
32:18market area.
32:22He worked at construction sites until four years ago.
32:25However, with the slowdown of the economy, he couldn't find employment.
32:29So he started this business.
32:36One dish is 75 cents.
32:45His earnings are half of what they were when he worked at construction sites.
33:02Lee can't save up the money to purchase an apartment.
33:08Another reason Lee persists in his efforts to get the urban residency permit is his daughter's
33:36education.
33:42She will enter elementary school in September.
33:53Lee wants to liberate his daughter from the uncertain life of a farmer by letting her study
33:58at a school where the level of education is high.
34:05We don't have much of a great culture.
34:09We also want to go to college.
34:29Today, Lee is busy gathering the documents necessary for his daughter to enroll in the
34:34school.
34:41Farmers must submit various documents, such as certificates of employment and residence,
34:46in order for their children to attend a public school in the city.
34:58In addition, Lee must cover other expenses apart from tuition, such as a donation to the school.
35:07But priority for enrollment is given to urban residents.
35:16Children of farmers are sometimes refused admission.
35:20All they want is a better future for their children.
35:22All they want is a better future for their children.
35:26All they want is a better future for their daughter.
35:56In August, news of a government announcement flashed across TV screens, encouraging farmers to move.
36:05The authorities in Beijing decided to allow farmers to sell the right to use their land.
36:26In China, Village Collective's own farmland.
36:44Only the right to use the land is granted to farmers.
36:46For the first time since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the right to use
36:55land can be bought and sold and used as collateral to get loans.
37:01The government is encouraging farmers to rely on this to buy urban homes, which will spur
37:06consumption and lead to economic growth.
37:10However, there are risks for farmers of losing their land if they do not pay back their loans.
37:25Hearing this news, Li hurries back to his home village, Zhaoyang.
37:32It is located 150 kilometers northeast of the city of Zhengzhou.
37:39Here, Li's ancestors have cultivated wheat and corn for generations.
37:50Li is thinking of using his land usage right as collateral to borrow money and buy a residence
38:02in Zhengzhou.
38:10His father has long protected the land, but he gives his consent.
38:17Li is visiting a local land consultation office.
38:38Here, they are verifying the location and area of the farmland using satellite photographs
38:54and land records.
38:59The area of Li's land is around 0.5 hectares.
39:08Li expects that if he uses the land as collateral, he'll be able to get a loan of 45,000 US dollars.
39:15That's the equivalent of around three years wages for him.
39:27He is prepared to lose the right to his land if he is unable to repay the loan.
39:32He is the market for his hand.
39:34He is the real estate.
39:37This is a farmland user.
39:41This is the farmland.
39:42He is keeping therepresented of this farm.
39:44You can take the fármation for an additional loan to store their loans.
39:48The farmland manager is stored as a farmland.
39:53The farmland has now been stored in a store.
39:56Lee begins looking for a property, but he's faced with an unexpected hurdle.
40:26The only thing within Lee's financial reach is a second-hand apartment built more than 40 years ago.
40:45These are just the kind of properties that the migrant farmers trying to remain in Zhengzhou are battling to snatch up.
40:54There is a lot of money, but it's not worth it.
41:02You can buy the goods, and you can buy the goods.
41:05The power of the power, and the power of the power, it's better than the power of the government.
41:10They're not getting there.
41:12If you don't buy the goods, you can buy it, or you can buy it.
41:18Li's only wish is for his family to be able to receive the education and medical care
41:28that a big city offers.
41:32Meanwhile, Xiang Jingdang has begun a life in his home village.
41:48He's given up on his idea of opening a restaurant in a nearby city, and he started rebuilding
41:59his house in the village.
42:04It will cost more than $5,000 to $1,000 to $1,000.
42:33cost more than fifteen thousand u.s. dollars to rebuild the house that will
42:42eat up his entire savings earned over 30 years in the city
42:48shang has now become penniless in this village where he can't earn any money
43:04but somehow he looks serene
43:12as long as they have this farmland his family will be able to survive
43:34on this day the whole family is visiting the graves of their ancestors in a corner of their
43:47farmland they express their gratitude to their ancestors for leaving them this land
44:01the land
44:06will come to the land and you want to go to the wood you don't don't know you
44:10hopefully you can't
44:12you need a language
44:14you don't like that
44:16each other way that the credit
44:18the next thing the word
44:20like how to know the car
44:24you know my wife my day
44:27in the middle of the day when my wife my day
44:30It's the realization Shang, whose life is at the mercy of the government, has reached.
45:00The dismantling of the Chenjai district has begun.
45:13It had been home for many migrant farmers.
45:26The men tearing down the buildings are themselves migrant rural farmers.
45:49Their daily wage is $30.
45:55They wander from one redevelopment site to another in the big cities in order to support
46:00the families they've left behind in their villages.
46:02How many people have been living in the village?
46:04There are hundreds of thousands of people.
46:09They have been living in the village, and they have been living in the village.
46:15They have been living in the village.
46:22They have been living in the village.
46:24They have been living in the village.
46:28Li Jingfeng has a dream of residing permanently in the big city.
46:43No longer able to operate at the market, he's drifted to another migrant farmers district.
46:49He's still selling 75 cent dishes.
47:06But within a few days, it was announced that this district too would be demolished.
47:13The Chinese government is counting on its bold new urbanization program.
47:34And struggling in the face of this plan are 100 million migrant farmers.
47:47Buffeted by the forces of change, they are confronted with a dilemma over what to do.
47:56The Chinese government is pursuing an epic experiment.
48:06The fate of the great dragon will depend on its outcome.
48:26And the governor's inventories.
48:27The fortress doesn't exist in the village.
48:29They have a name.
48:34Build a soul sombres enfants都城.
48:39They have an image.
48:41They condition that happens.
48:42We should to Toxic Science through the Pokémon.
48:45Are you in the village a recalled summit?
48:46We should or not!
48:47At the interest rate in the village!
48:49Or P Vedic Science through Monster or Nevada.
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