- 5 giờ trước
Sandi Toksvig's Hidden Wonders - Season 1 Episode 2
Danh mục
😹
Vui nhộnPhụ đề
00:00Hãy subscribe cho kênh lalaschool Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
00:30Hãy subscribe cho kênh lalaschool Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
01:00Hãy subscribe cho kênh lalaschool Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
01:29Hãy subscribe cho kênh lalaschool Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
01:59Hãy subscribe cho kênh lalaschool Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
02:29Hãy subscribe cho kênh lalaschool Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
02:59Hãy subscribe cho kênh lalaschool Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
03:29Hãy subscribe cho kênh lalaschool Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
03:30Hãy subscribe cho kênh lalaschool Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
03:31Hãy subscribe cho kênh lalaschool Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
03:32Hãy subscribe cho kênh lalaschool Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
03:33Hãy subscribe cho kênh lalaschool Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
03:34I can't really emphasize enough how important this site could actually be, it could be of national significance
03:43We don't know very much about early medieval history at all and I think digging here might unlock that key
03:50You are shining a light on the dark ages, I mean that's rather pleasing isn't it?
03:55It is
03:55Right, left here
04:02What do you mean right, left here?
04:04I am not using you for navigation again
04:09Oh, I'm excited already
04:15Oh, look at all this action
04:17How come I'm always driving, what's that about?
04:20Because I can't drive
04:21Do you think the royals turned up like this?
04:26Yeah
04:26Some form of chariot, no doubt
04:29Oh, that's how we should arrive in a chariot
04:31Oh yeah, that would be great
04:33I'm going to order one of those
04:34There's always a moment isn't there, there's a sort of a tremor
04:38Welcome to the early medieval
04:40Oh my word
04:41Now, please tell me that you brought your trowel today
04:44Do you know what, you'd be so proud of me
04:46I've got it right here
04:47But having brought it, I'm just looking over there
04:50I'm slightly worried that there's not enough shovels
04:51I should have brought a shovel as well
04:52So you know you said that you love powerful women
04:56Yes
04:57Well, there is one in particular
04:59She ruled over this monastery
05:03This is Queen Cynithareth
05:05Oh, isn't that beautiful
05:07Now she ruled all of this land here
05:10She is the wife of King Offa
05:13He rules Mercia, basically
05:15So we've arrived in Cookham, Berkshire
05:19But in the 8th century
05:21England was made up of seven kingdoms
05:23Each controlled by their own monarch
05:26Mercia, ruled by Offa
05:29Was the mightiest of all
05:31From East Anglia to the Welsh border
05:34And from the River Humber to the River Thames
05:36At King Offa's side, Queen Consort Cynithareth
05:40One of the most significant women
05:42Of the early medieval period
05:44She's so powerful
05:49Yeah
05:50She's the only woman to be depicted on a coin
05:52In the whole of Western Europe at this time
05:55Wow
05:56Replica coin?
05:58It is
05:59The real one is actually in the British Museum
06:01Can I keep this?
06:03Go on then, lucky charm
06:04I might buy you a coffee later
06:06Now I've got money
06:07Not with that, though
06:08Oh, OK
06:08Oh, it's a bit like skiing down here
06:13So we're going to go and see the site director
06:16OK
06:17Gabor Thomas
06:19Do you know everybody?
06:20Is that how it works?
06:21Yeah, I do, actually
06:22This remarkable monastic site
06:28Covering about an acre
06:29Is being excavated by the University of Reading
06:32And the archaeology here
06:34Is bringing Cookham's powerful past to life
06:37Hello, Gabor, I'm Sandy
06:39Hello
06:40Going carefully through all the holes
06:43Nice to meet you
06:43Nice to meet you
06:44And what are we looking at?
06:46We are standing in the middle of a substantial Anglo-Saxon timber hall
06:51That we think was used as one of the main communal buildings within the monastery
06:55Wow
06:56You've got a big field
06:58How do you decide where to start digging?
07:00It's a really strategic site, this one
07:02River Thames is just out there
07:05It's very close by
07:06I mean, that's very important, isn't it?
07:07The River Thames
07:08I think the fact that this is a riverine site
07:11That's right at the heart of the narrative of the archaeology that we've got
07:14We've got the parish church of Holy Trinity
07:17So this is a sacred site, if you like
07:19And then in 2008, a local group did some very small-scale work
07:23Opened a few test pits and found some Anglo-Saxon pottery
07:26They got an Anglo-Saxon radiocarbon date off some animal bone
07:30So those things together, that's the smoking gun for us
07:34OK, I'm excited
07:35On a scale of 1 to 10, for an archaeologist to find a site like this
07:41It's pretty crazy, isn't it?
07:43You need to expand the scale, up to a billion
07:46OK, shall we raise a glass of mead to that later?
07:50I think we shall
07:51I think we shall
07:52Enough of this drinking talk, you'd better go and do some work
07:56I've got my own trowel, it's amazing
07:58The team think the original church of the monastic complex
08:03Is probably underneath the current one
08:05So, whilst we can't excavate that
08:08We can explore the rest of the monastery site beside it
08:13The dig has two trenches
08:15Raksha will explore Trench 1, which is the communal and industrial area next to the Thames
08:20And seems to be complete with exciting evidence of a mill
08:24Meanwhile, I'm heading to Trench 2
08:29Which, for the sensitive amongst you, is the cemetery where a number of skeletons have been uncovered
08:34You have been warned
08:38Sophia, Amy, I'm Sandy
08:40Hello, welcome
08:41Thank you, I've come to help
08:42Well, I don't know if I can help my darling, but I shall do my best
08:45You will be warned
08:46I'm joining the team as they carefully excavate the skeletal remains of a young adult
08:53Hoping to learn more about the people who were buried here
08:56Just before we start, this is a very big moment for me
09:01Raksha gave me this, I haven't used it yet
09:03Is this my moment?
09:05I'm afraid we're not going to be using that today, I don't think
09:08Oh, I love how you nodded, it's like it was going to be a yes, and then said no
09:11It was a...
09:13You're being encouraging, it was being encouraging
09:15Yes
09:16Yes or no
09:17So we're going to be using things like these wooden tools
09:19Oh, okay, I'm going to tell her that she bought me completely the wrong thing
09:23Okay
09:24So we're going to get you on the torso of this individual
09:27So can you see where these bones are just coming out?
09:29So this is the scapula
09:31Yep
09:32And I just want you to try and expose down a little bit in that bone
09:36Okay, so just gently
09:38Yes, absolutely, yes, just do it gently
09:41I'm so worried about making a mistake
09:43I was once on a dig and a skull was revealed
09:47And the archaeologist shouted, bring me a wet cloth
09:50And in that moment, and I watched it happen, the skull disappeared
09:55It was just dust
09:56Oh, wow
09:57It was the most astonishing thing
09:58It was like a magic trick
09:59It was there, and then it was gone
10:01And then it was gone
10:02Thankfully this individual is relatively well preserved
10:05And with any of these burials that you found here
10:07Have you found any artifacts, burial artifacts?
10:09So we only had a single grave good
10:12And it was an iron finger ring
10:14It was on the finger of the individual
10:16Right
10:17And the way the head is positioned as well?
10:20Absolutely, yes
10:21So this entire cemetery is east-west aligned
10:24With the heads at the west end facing east
10:27But that is very indicative of a Christian burial
10:31And is that true as we go right across all the way across the cemetery?
10:34All the way across, yeah
10:35And most of them are also shrouded just because of their position
10:39So this individual for example, their humerus, which is this bone here
10:42Is very, very tight in
10:43Their clavicle is very, very vertical
10:45And so they had some sort of restriction
10:47Some kind of wrap around them
10:48Exactly
10:49Yeah
10:50So I can see just from being down here
10:57I can see there's other bodies over here
11:00And then behind me looks less neat
11:04Is that okay?
11:05Yes
11:06That's probably not a technical term
11:07This is what we call charnel
11:09It's just a lot of human remains
11:11A jumble of human remains
11:12They didn't mark the places that they had buried previous skeletons
11:17What happened is another person needed to be buried
11:20And so they were dug into the same place effectively
11:24Right, so nobody could remember
11:25Yeah
11:26300 years ago we put Frank there
11:27Yes, exactly
11:28Exactly
11:29So what about all these boxes over here?
11:34What's the stuff under the black boxes?
11:37All of the black boxes do have human remains underneath them
11:40So including this one for example
11:43And it's all charnel
11:45And then we also have this year
11:47Surprisingly we've had a lot of juveniles come up
11:49So we've had at least five juveniles in a sort of line that have appeared
11:55Would you use babies?
11:57Younger than about five, yes
11:59So
12:00Okay, I just need a minute
12:01Okay
12:02Wow
12:03Okay
12:20Now it's very busy down this end
12:23It's very intriguing
12:24So this is a deep, artificially constructed channel
12:29That has wood lining in it
12:31That's preserved at the bottom for us
12:33So this was used to divert water from the main river channel of the Thames
12:39And it's used to power a water mill
12:43Oh gosh, it's like a canal isn't it?
12:45Yeah
12:46This must be a very early water mill then
12:49Yeah, I mean this is going to be contemporary with our monastery
12:53The high point of which is 8th century
12:55So this is, yeah, very early
12:57So they're actually being able to produce their own flower on site then
13:01And feed this whole community that it's supporting
13:04That, plus they're probably producing a surplus
13:08So there's a lot of infrastructure that we're finding here that's supporting the community
13:13And also helping it to generate wealth of its own
13:17A monastery with a mill like this from the 8th century isn't just rare
13:21It's the first of its kind to be uncovered here in Britain
13:24And a remarkable example of early medieval engineering right here in Cookham
13:30Over in Trench 2, new discoveries are emerging
13:35And I'm keen to share our progress with Raksha
13:38Aha! How are you getting on?
13:41Obviously I have quite a lot of burials here, don't you?
13:44We do, yes
13:45We have 55 individuals that are articulated so far
13:49Articulated means that they are in the grave
13:53In the position that they were originally buried in
13:55And there are at least 30 more individuals from that based on the number of skulls
14:07Is there any way of knowing that these people all died
14:10I mean, this is a juvenile, they died a peaceful death
14:12Or they died of an illness, can we know those things?
14:15Not necessarily when they're in the ground
14:17It's something that we do in post-excavation analysis
14:20So you've just mentioned juveniles
14:22That would suggest that we're not talking about nuns and monks in this cemetery, are we?
14:27No, we're not
14:28This cemetery we believe is a lay cemetery
14:31So it had normal individuals in it that were not potentially within a monastery
14:36And because we've got a lot of instances of diseases and trauma coming up on the bones
14:42It indicates that this was a potential hospital or even hospice
14:46That's so exciting!
14:47So basically it's a 1200 year old NHS, that's what we're talking about
14:51That's right, I mean, it's pretty amazing, isn't it?
14:53Wow
14:56This is an extraordinary revelation
14:58To have potentially uncovered an early medieval medical centre
15:02Under Queen Connithris' watch is beyond exciting
15:06But who was coming here for treatment
15:08And why were many of them dying prematurely?
15:10My mind is racing
15:11There's a special thing that you feel when you see those ones who didn't make it
15:20I just, I hope there was comfort
15:23I know every time you see it though, it's very sad, it's like a dagger to your heart
15:28But I'd like to think that they were cared for
15:32Yeah
15:33And their dying hours
15:34I love the idea that people were drawn to it
15:38It should be a place full of hope
15:40Maybe it was, maybe way more people came and didn't die
15:42Than came and ended up in the cemetery
15:46But do you think that we know everything?
15:48Or, I mean, it's an archaeological metaphor
15:50Aren't we just scratching at the surface at the minute?
15:52Oh gosh, I think Cookham has many secrets to be revealed
15:56This is the moment we go
15:59Dum-dum-dum
16:01Let's do it together, ready?
16:02Dum-dum-dum
16:06Two mad old bags on a bench
16:08Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha HA HA H
16:29In Cookham, a picturesque Thames Side village, history is being uncovered
16:33Các bạn hãy đăng ký kênh để ủng hộ kênh của mình nhé.
17:03Các bạn hãy đăng ký kênh của mình nhé.
17:33Các bạn hãy đăng ký kênh của mình nhé.
18:03Các bạn hãy đăng ký kênh để ủng hộ kênh của mình nhé.
18:33Các bạn hãy đăng ký kênh của mình nhé.
18:35Các bạn hãy đăng ký kênh để ủng hộ kênh của mình nhé.
18:39Các bạn hãy đăng ký kênh của mình nhé.
18:41Các bạn hãy đăng ký kênh của mình nhé.
18:43Các bạn hãy đăng ký kênh của mình nhé.
18:47Các bạn hãy đăng ký kênh để ủng hộ kênh của mình nhé.
18:51Thế có thể nhé.
18:53Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
19:23Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
19:53Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
19:55Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
19:57Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
19:59Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
20:01Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
20:03Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
20:05Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
20:07Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
20:09Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
20:11Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
20:12Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
20:13Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
20:14Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
20:15Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
20:16Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
20:17Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
20:18Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
20:48Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
21:18Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
21:20Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
21:22Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
21:24Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
21:26Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
21:28Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
21:30Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
21:32Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
21:34Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
21:35Hãy subscribe cho kênh Ghiền Mì Gõ Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
21:36Hãy subscribe cho kênh lalaschool Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
22:06I'm going to start digging again thank you can't believe we're in love with the same woman as
22:11outrageous these lovely snail shell in the mill stream Raksha has joined trench supervisors Josh
22:26Lucy to dig deeper it's exactly the place where domestic waste may have ended up all those years
22:32ago I always find it like really exciting when you get down to these kind of lower deposit layers
22:38you're actually getting down onto really good preservation aren't you it's nice and flat and
22:44it's full of really organic material we call it a primary deposit so it's all stuff it was thrown
22:49in while the leet was in use the leet is the channel where the mill's wheel would have sat
22:54powered by water from the Thames so what we've got so far we're starting to get some timber showing up
23:02and we're getting really well-preserved bone artifacts which in less organic deposits
23:07wouldn't survive to anywhere near as good condition I mean look at that that is proper chunky Saxon
23:17pottery yeah I haven't seen Saxon pot like that for ages to find Saxon pot in that preservation is
23:22really really rare they use their organic temper which just does not survive in non waterlogged
23:27conditions we've got the rim of that vessel so it's going to be really easy to identify what it
23:32was I think that the pot's probably about that big isn't it so what would that be used for cooking
23:37most likely some sort of cooking vessel yeah it's so useful for us because we're right next to where
23:43we're thinking the occupation zone of monasteries and to find these cooking vessels in the leet just
23:48really gives us evidence for that theory it's amazing isn't it to think that all remnants of life
23:53here are found in the bottom of this channel yes we can find everything about them just by going
24:00through their rubbish basically I just love the fact that we're learning so much about people that
24:06lived here they're on this site they're eating their food and cooking it over there there's a mill
24:12yeah these are really rare aren't they and this is the only one that they found in a monastic setting
24:19at this date which is just incredible to show that the connection between church and community
24:25and the church have their own mills it's just amazing it's a first yeah I love it
24:31hello people oh here's words I've never said before I'd like a leet update please I'm so excited
24:45we're actually getting snapshots of everyday life on the monastic side wow it does look like fun
24:52down there though are you enjoying yourselves down there yes that's a general nodding
24:56right so we have stepped up a gear come on we have stepped up a gear because we're getting so many
25:10beautiful organic finds out of the bottom of that elite now we've gone from dry sieving to wet sieving
25:16so we're just trying to blast it doesn't sound nice can I just say it's too moist for me but okay well we're
25:24blasting through all of that soil right because we're getting some beautiful beautiful artifacts Josh
25:31right what we got so we've got some really really beautiful bone combs that came out these came
25:40out early today it's quite fragmented but we do think it's an entire length of a comb oh look at
25:46that fits together yeah it's come out in pieces but we can already start puzzling together just see if
25:51it's still got lice on it they could always imagine someone combing their hair and it breaking and just
25:57tossing it in the leaf and your mother going I gotta fix that that's fantastic oh wait wait no don't
26:03tell me don't tell me because I'm gonna be archaeological now yeah yeah yeah go go glass red
26:09glass it is yeah look how tiny that is it is tiny is this the kind of thing Josh that makes you jump up
26:15and down with excitement yeah when we find it is yeah that must make the earth tremor it does I mean we
26:20showed the professor this one and he almost levitated it was so exciting yeah do you remember when you
26:26said about the dark ages I did mention that right well this is showing you that in the UK we are
26:35producing fine glass like the Romans did isn't it amazing the light a tiny shard of glass can shed on
26:44life from over a thousand years ago after excavating with Sophia earlier she has invited me to learn about
26:54the next stage of preparing the bones recovered from the cemetery for the lab tell me what we're
27:00doing so we are going to be bone washing once you lift a skeleton you have to clean it so you can
27:05analyze it properly so we have a toothbrush a very soft toothbrush and a makeup brush for you it's just
27:10water it is just water yes plain water and the idea is that you never dip the bone in the water you
27:16just very carefully dip the brush in the water and then kind of give it a sort of stroke so yes okay
27:22is it right to pick it up absolutely right this is terrifying do you know what it is yes so this is a
27:30radius and it looks like a left radius to me and you may notice that it's not completely straight right
27:37which means it means that at some point so that was mud don't worry at some point oh okay at some
27:47point in this individual's life they broke their radius and it has healed and it healed we have the
27:55break in here and as you can see the bottom of the shaft and the top of the shaft look like they've done
27:59this and it's it's called 0% apposition so it means that the integrity of the shaft has been lost
28:05however it has kind of healed yes it has it's fused extremely well so it happened a long time
28:11before death but this individual would have been left with some sort of deformity and pain and pain
28:17potentially yeah but isn't it astonishing that you can look at a piece of bone and suddenly you can
28:22feel that human emotion or you can feel the agony of it yeah what are the other things that you might be
28:28able to tell from a skeletal remains so we've got an example here this is the cranium of a juvenile
28:36individual and they were excavated last year as they were washed this sort of area here it's like a
28:43sort of pockmark exactly yes so pitting and we call it porosity and it is on both sides of the
28:50cranium it is called porotic hyperostosis and it is potentially indicative of something like scurvy
28:57oh wow but that's remarkable isn't it because then immediately you know something about the diet
29:03definitely that's like being a doctor long after the fact isn't it exactly yes
29:08okay so what i'm understanding is that the journey from discovering a person who is deceased to
29:14understanding why that might have happened is quite a long painstaking one it's not one for guessing
29:18really no no not at all we wait until they're in the lab they're clean we can really see what's going
29:23on on the bone so that we can try and find out about their life history it's just a great detective
29:29story it is yes
29:31we are days into our archaeological adventure in cookham on the bank of the thames and we really
29:45are living the dream right you can only buy one house i quite like this one this one is nice i don't
29:52think i'd have gone for that color have you gone for that color no you can paint it though what is that
30:00place look at that i want to live there that's very nice isn't it fancy love doing property porn
30:09back on dry land the dig team has uncovered the footprint of an entirely different kind of property
30:29welcome to the communal hall do you want a bar tape measure you don't like that one i've got this one
30:35you read my mind yeah what we're doing right you've got these two timber posts on either side
30:43i haven't understood this is the side wall this is a side wall so what we're going to do is i'm
30:47going to show you well insulation oh okay all right right so this is the place where you're going to be
30:55eating drinking carousing carousing you name it we're going to do everything in here so it's like one
31:01of those great big rooms that the vikings head isn't it exactly okay exactly i'll hold one end
31:08right you walk around oh give me the other one as well because i need you the other side too oh how
31:12are we doing that then okay i don't want to fall in these holes so i'd probably say that's the end
31:22and how far is that and that's about 14 and a half meters okay i'm the other end of the hall i'm just
31:31coming taking your time aren't you yeah but i've got to carry all this mead
31:40got it so you've got on that one there and i'm going to trundle along in this direction
31:50then wow oh i'm starting to see it now see you can see it in a way that i couldn't that's the other
31:57wall there so this single story thatched hall would have been about 14 and a half meters by seven
32:04meters roughly the area of a full-size squash court it's more evidence of the communal life once lived
32:11here archaeologically these are very rare okay i've excavated one in my life and is that because they're
32:18timber and they just fail yes plowing gets rid of them things get built on top of them and this one
32:27is very exciting because in the middle we have the heart of the hall right here this red patch
32:35this is the half oh so is there a chimney or what is there there's no chimney so it would have been very
32:41dark very smelly very smoky okay so this is you're not selling it to me really as a fun place and
32:49suddenly you get a sense of how many people there must have been here if you needed a hall this big
32:53for everybody to sit down and get together well exactly if you probably get what about 20 people in
32:58here but this is to kind of serve the people who are tending for the sick the reason why people are
33:04coming here if this was an early hospice housing the sick they must have been ministered with prayer
33:11and potions but what would those potions look like i've been joined by dr christina lee associate
33:22professor in viking studies at nottingham university who has specialist knowledge of medieval medicines
33:30i want you to imagine that you and i we're a couple of nuns we're going to save everybody aren't we
33:34with our medicines yes and and our prayers okay nice combination of the two things oh here we go
33:41these are nettles wait a minute i've got the gloves on are there modern applications for some of these
33:47old recipes yes we have tried one of them are you going to show me look what's in the bag today just
33:55gets better and better the remedy we're recreating comes from this 10th century publication of ball's leech
34:03book but this concoction would have predated the medical text you promised me a recipe that's
34:09going to work wonders okay can also potentially works wonders so i've got a 10th century recipe i've
34:16got some vinegar wine i mean it's looking good so far i have onion i have garlic okay i have leek i also
34:25have an ox bladder from an ox that's the sizeable item we need the ox bile i mean this kind of stuff
34:35you've got at home bile not so much no we don't have any idea really what the mix is well we're told
34:42you know sort of that we need equal parts that's all we're getting so we used a personal mortar you need
34:48to pound this a lot of these ingredients come from the kitchen the overlap between cooking and healing
34:55isn't so far-fetched oh i mean ginger is good for nausea we know that we know that absolutely that is
35:01looking really good thank you i think we need to do the next step yeah which is that would be the ox
35:06gall you know the bile here we go let me open it up with my trusted pen knife here we go you're well
35:11prepared you know i'm very practical i think i would have enjoyed having to make things myself yeah and
35:16fine right i bet this is horrid i mean it's gross oh okay give it a little squeeze give it a little
35:24squeeze in here i don't think that's one gallbladder surely that's the whole family has donated
35:34put some wine in put some wine in mm phenomenally cheap okay
35:40that's not really a bouquet you're mixing mixing it up okay the next step would be leave it for nine
35:50nights we do need the time for the ingredients to activate each other the text even gives suggested
35:57use in old english of course and it says work air salver with winner when is a sky in the eye okay
36:06yeah these are staphylococcus aureus bacterium and the drug resistant form of staphylococcus aureus
36:13causes mrsa and this could get rid of sorry to be overexcited but this could get rid of mrsa this
36:18could obviously you can ask if this is a medieval remedy don't try this at home i am absolutely stunned
36:27that this is a scientifically proven treatment for mrsa this is so exciting to me because practical
36:35archaeology is a thing isn't it it's all very well being theoretical and this is how they lived and
36:38this is what it was like there is a moment when you literally are getting your hands dirty to figure
36:42out how people lived and worked absolutely even with these remedies and assuming infants survived
36:49childhood average life expectancy in this period would have been around 50 years old if cookham was an
36:56early medieval medical center i'm keen to find out the causes of some of the more premature deaths
37:0618 miles from the dig site i've come to the science lab at reading university where i'm hoping to get
37:12the answers wouldn't it be incredible if you could go back in time and find out what's wrong with them
37:20obviously we can't do that but the wonderful thing about archaeologists they have a way of making
37:25patients speak from beyond the grave professor mary lewis specializes in paleopathology and the study of
37:33skeletal remains which can help identify historic disease and injury mary i'm sandy hello nice to
37:42meet you i've kitted myself as best i could hope it's all right now oh look this is from the actual dig
37:49isn't it yeah so this was one of the first skeletons that i went on site to see and there's
37:54something really unusual going on with the ribs in that they should normally fall down this way but
37:58they started to in a fan and why do you think that might be is something fallen on top or so
38:03initially i thought maybe he'd been moved in the grave but i went back and looked at hundreds of
38:08pictures of skeletons in graves and nobody had ribs that were going up in the wrong direction so then i
38:13started wondering whether there was something sitting in his chest that meant that the ribs
38:17were kind of splayed out around it been pushed out of alignment he's 25 to 35 years old as we washed
38:25him we started noticing there are areas of gray bone here right it's new bone formation that tells us
38:32that that area was inflamed so the bone cells have reacted to some kind of inflammation so it had been
38:37red and hot and swollen and when we looked at the ribs that they also have this gray bone on top of
38:43them so it's a new bone formation and it's only the ribs on this side of the body had we not seen
38:49the excavation photo though i would have thought it's something like he's got a chest infection bronchitis
38:55pneumonia tuberculosis but because we saw the position of the ribs clearly something else was going on in
39:01in this individual thinking about that kind of a mass what could it have been it could have been a
39:07kind of a hematoma full of blood something like that an aneurysm or given the age and sex of the
39:13individual it could have been a cancer a hard tissue cancer oh my goodness
39:28in the science lab at reading university paleopathologist professor mary lewis has dropped a bombshell
39:37i started wondering whether there was something sitting in his chest that meant that the ribs
39:42have been pushed out of alignment it turns out that this particular person from the dig site at cookham
39:49could have died from lung cancer there's quite a hard tissue cancer that's sitting on the lining of the
39:55and the fact that his lungs are affected i think is evidenced also by the fact that we have this
40:01gray bone all over the skeleton to me it suggests that he's not getting enough oxygen going around
40:07his body because the lungs are malfunctioning and it's so astonishing that you can actually see evidence
40:12of those things now even though it's 1200 years later that poor chap has passed away
40:17i thought this individual was very exciting until we started to analyze the other skeletons
40:26so this is another male slightly older than the previous male we notice the sacrum so this is in the
40:32base of your back and there's this big area here the edges are really smooth and it suggests that
40:38there's actually something has been sitting in here and if you turn it over you can see there's a another
40:44hole here suggests that whatever was sitting in there has come out of the back of the sacrum are
40:48we talking about another tumor yes i think it's a very aggressive tumor because there's hardly any
40:53bone reaction so the body hasn't had any time to react to this tumor and the aggressive tumor that
40:58likes this area of the skeleton would have actually been much larger a soft tissue tumor so this person
41:04would have had a massive swelling on his buttocks oh my goodness if it's a tumor i think it is
41:09um and it would have come on very quickly and it would have been very painful i've never seen
41:14anything like this in my 30 years of doing paleopathology to suddenly be faced with two individuals
41:19who have tumors that are very you know rare made me start thinking something was going on at cookham
41:25that this isn't a normal population is it possible that we're talking about a hospice that's beginning
41:29to specialize in growths of this kind so i think people are coming to cookham because somebody there
41:35is actually dealing with um swellings and then we find a third individual
41:43a woman fairly young remember this gray stuff gray bone i was talking about yeah so it seems
41:49like there's something sitting in there and the bone is reacting around the margins of it that's
41:53a tumor sitting inside the skull when you look at this side there's this depression on the skull
41:59if it's a tumor i think it is again this kind of meningioma they would also have had a
42:03a lump on their head you've got a swelling or something pushing on the bone the bone will react
42:08by taking bone away to try and relieve the pressure and so i think that's what this depression is
42:13but you're getting this image of these people coming to a monastery with quite visible difficulties
42:18yes i mean big growth so the question has to be are they coming from the local area is there
42:24something in the water or has cookham's fame spread far and wide and they're coming from all sorts of
42:30places i don't think they can be possibly coming from a small area like cookham to sustain that
42:36amount of tumors there must be something very unusual going on in that local area and there's no
42:40evidence that that's the case so i do think what's happening is people are coming from far and wide
42:45maybe being brought along in the thames because the monastery's right along the thames you know
42:49that's the nicest way to travel with someone who's in a great deal of pain on the water rather than on
42:54the road so i think maybe the location of the monastery's got something to do with it as well
42:58but it's so interesting that the word is spread isn't it because you're not talking about a
43:02wildly literate society you're talking about has to be word of mouth for this to have happened
43:07so it does feel like a hospice doesn't it it doesn't feel like some kind of care facility
43:11for these particular cancers yeah
43:15there's something completely humbling about this kind of intimacy with death
43:19especially when facing a disease that we're still trying to cure today
43:23maybe it brings home our own mortality or maybe it's because the human stories we're uncovering
43:33are still entirely relatable but it connects us to the past in a very visceral way
43:45and whilst i was initially blinded by the royal status of the site
43:50it's the stories of the everyday folk that will have a lasting impact on me
43:56really sorry that i've made you come and dig up these skeletons do you know what it is such a
44:02privilege when you are an amateur and you look at it you just think skeleton right then you're busy
44:06you kind of get the bones out so but this poor young person is an individual and i think that's what
44:11comes home to you this is a person who's had a life who maybe is in pain that's the thing i've fully
44:16understood is a lot of the people who came here were in terrible terrible pain
44:22i think the interesting thing is is that you've actually learned about the normal people who've
44:26come here and what did you find out well uh there is just the most astonishing number of tumors here
44:31so we are talking about a place that is famous at the time people are coming from far and wide
44:36in order to seek probably the very last minute help that they can it's amazing isn't it to think that this
44:43this little place by the river is a place for spirituality for power but also is here to tend to
44:52the sick and the needy i love that it's like the foundations of how people would access medicine in
44:59the medieval period wow but the other thing i want to thank you because i honestly the community
45:09of archaeologists the volunteers the students the professionals it's about the nicest group of
45:14people you could possibly hang out with it's life-affirming whilst you're dealing with death it's amazing
45:23it's uncertain exactly when queen canithrith passed the records are at best vague but i'd like
45:29to think her presence here was a force for good and as for the dark ages well i for one can say
45:37i feel truly enlightened
45:43do you know cookham has had the most surprising effect on me and i'm really serious i think i might
45:49actually change my whole direction of life yeah you're gonna become an archaeologist
45:55no none yeah or maybe a queen or maybe a queen nun i can't decide it
46:00isn't that just mother superior i like the word superior that's good
46:08let's tell my kids i'm not your mother i'm your mother superior
46:21so
46:28so
46:30so
46:32so
46:34Hãy subscribe cho kênh La La School Để không bỏ lỡ những video hấp dẫn
Được khuyến cáo
46:45
|
Sắp Tới
41:31
41:54
41:31
49:25
1:09:05
57:01
58:51
1:01:02
57:19
26:18
44:21
45:10
47:17
30:55
Hãy là người đầu tiên nhận xét