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S11 E1 – 10 Things to Know About 🧠🔬
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00:00What can rocks from the past tell us about the world today?
00:05Why are we so resistant to change and what can we do to challenge the status quo?
00:10And how do invasive species threaten nature and their way of life?
00:15We'll be looking into all this and more on 10 Things to Know About.
00:18This week we're all about actions for change.
00:29From a simple chat in the local hair salon to taking steps to transform our farms and towns.
00:35Nobody really likes change. She's very set in her ways. He likes things to stay the way they are.
00:53We've all trotted out those phrases and maybe used them about ourselves.
00:57Even when change is a good thing, we're reluctant to embrace it.
01:01So why do we want things to stay the same and how can we challenge the status quo?
01:07A few years ago, Cork's Marina Promenade was pedestrianised as an experiment.
01:12It was a success.
01:13And the Council went on to transform the area, making it a beautiful example of positive change.
01:20I'm here to meet behavioural scientist Shane Timmons to talk about what drives change and what holds us back.
01:27So Shane, why do humans find it so hard to change?
01:31Well, there's a few different aspects of change that we find quite difficult.
01:35So if we think about our day-to-day change, once we've formed a habit, that's the kind of thing that becomes automatic.
01:41And breaking that habit then takes mental effort.
01:44We don't like to engage in mental effort if we can avoid it at all.
01:47There's also that aspect of uncertainty with change.
01:50We tend to prefer things to stay the way they are.
01:52So that's a bias called status quo bias.
01:55Status quo bias occurs when we think about, okay, if a change is needed, what might go wrong here?
02:02So we've run studies for the National Transport Authority.
02:05We've got thousands of people in Ireland to read just short descriptions of towns.
02:10The town described a layout that made it easy for people to walk and cycle.
02:15And people really liked it when it's described as that town existing.
02:18They liked it much less when there was a proposal to make the town easy for people to walk and cycle.
02:23So what this points out is that when we're presented with a plan or a change, our wiring leads us to, okay, what might go wrong here?
02:32That's interesting.
02:32And obviously that makes it very hard to instigate change at a kind of wider societal level.
02:37Because if everybody spends all their time going, yeah, but what about that?
02:40And what about this?
02:41Then nothing changes.
02:42Exactly.
02:43And we're not here to say that all change is going to be good.
02:45But you do have examples like the promenade here where even on a kind of overcast, slightly drizzly day,
02:50you see people out walking, cycling, jogging, enjoying the space.
02:54Sounds to me that like being told something top down isn't as effective as everybody kind of going,
02:59this would be great, wouldn't it?
03:00Is that a way of overcoming it?
03:01As people, we like to think that maybe we're individuals, we're not as easily swayed.
03:05But actually that conforming to the group is really important from a psychology perspective.
03:10Makes sense evolutionary as well.
03:11We want to stick with that group so that we have a better chance of survival historically.
03:15Sure, we saw that on the traitors.
03:17Everybody kind of going, yeah, I'll vote for him.
03:18I'm in the clue really, but I'll just go along with the group.
03:20Exactly.
03:21So once someone kind of plants an idea, you can see people then coalesce around that
03:25and everyone kind of groups together.
03:26They want to be part of the group who's trying to get that traitors out, whether that's a traitors or not.
03:31Yeah, yeah.
03:32And that's funny because it's a game.
03:34But like when you look at kind of wider society and all the challenges we're facing,
03:37whether it's climate change, the housing crisis, getting people to move and change,
03:42like we're really bad at it.
03:44It's a challenge.
03:45But actually there's lots of evidence to show that people are really good at cooperating.
03:49But again, the environment needs to be there for that cooperation to take part.
03:53What do you talk about when you're at the hairdressers?
04:06Work, family, the traffic, the weather?
04:09Well, there's a project here in Cork that's trying to transform Salon Chit Chat into climate action.
04:14Maria Coran is exploring the concept of soft change through the Brush With Climate project.
04:24Our hairdressers really are people that we trust.
04:27They're people that we often have very in-depth conversations with.
04:32Sometimes deep and meaningful, sometimes not.
04:34Exactly, yeah, yeah.
04:36I mean, I've heard some hairdressers tell me that they were the first person to hear
04:38that one of their clients was pregnant, you know?
04:40So there really is a kind of trusting relationship there.
04:43Brush With Climate is supporting hairdressers to talk to their customers about climate action.
04:49We're holding workshops with them where we're trying to work together
04:52to first of all figure out what are the conversations that they're already having
04:57with their clients around climate,
04:58and then how can we best support the hairdressers to continue those discussions
05:04and bring them more around into action.
05:06It's such a huge topic.
05:07You're not going to get through it all in a haircut, in a blow dry.
05:10Like, how do people kind of come away with, like, satisfying information
05:13or the hairdresser feels like, oh, I kind of pointed them in the right direction?
05:16So a lot of the issues that are coming up are really complex ones around public transport,
05:20around issues like flooding in the city.
05:22So we're in constant communication with the hairdressers.
05:25They can feed back to us at any point and say, oh, my God, this came up.
05:28And I had no idea how to address it.
05:30And what about, like, the criticism that you're just manipulating people
05:34into taking climate action and they can't even go to the bloody hairdressers
05:37without being told what to do?
05:39They're experts in communication.
05:41If they sense that a client doesn't want to talk about this,
05:44they're not going to force it because that's not going to have
05:47the outcome that anyone wants anyways.
05:50Andrew is a hairdresser who is bringing his own style
05:53to the conversation around climate action.
05:55A lot of it is just very positive.
05:59When it comes into us, first of all, they're open for change, no matter what.
06:02Because you're coming in, you're looking for advice,
06:04you're looking for change, you're looking to feel better.
06:06But do people not come in and go,
06:07I just want the same thing that you did the last day?
06:08You do.
06:09But then if you plant seeds,
06:12majority of the time people will be open for down the line.
06:14OK.
06:14Because what would happen is that they see everyone else.
06:16When it comes to trends like bobs, balayages,
06:19recycling, using electric cars,
06:20the more you see it,
06:22the more you want to work with that herd
06:24and feel safe together.
06:26The project is all about making information simple and accessible.
06:30And a QR code in Salon suggests ways
06:32that clients can reduce their carbon footprint
06:34and commit a pledge to adopt change.
06:37As Irish people,
06:38we're very willing to change and adapt.
06:41I think we're stuck in our ways.
06:43Really?
06:44I see.
06:44I'm coming from a younger generation.
06:46Yeah, well, I'm an old fart,
06:47so maybe that's why they're like,
06:48I don't want to change.
06:49But if you think about,
06:50like, I remember growing up,
06:51no one recycled.
06:52Whereas there was part and parcel of it.
06:53I'd say people are delighted
06:54not to just have to talk about their holidays
06:56and the weather.
06:56Oh, every day.
06:58It's the first thing people talk
06:59and walking in is, like, shocking.
07:00So, isn't it?
07:00Yeah, yeah.
07:01And you go, well, actually.
07:01Well, actually.
07:04It's just going to give me a lot more armor
07:06to talk about things
07:07and give me a bit more scope
07:09and a bit more knowledge
07:10so they can make it a better for everyone.
07:10And confidence.
07:11Instead of kind of,
07:12I think I'm not sure,
07:13but actually you do know.
07:14Or you need to come back on that
07:15because we can link in with the crew
07:17and be like, do you know what?
07:18I'm not too sure about it.
07:19Let me go on
07:19because we can just text them
07:20and, like, point them in the right direction.
07:22And the next time you come in for your fringe,
07:23I'll tell you all about it.
07:24Yeah, it's article, yeah.
07:25Brilliant.
07:37Why do you think this approach
07:38with hairdressers will work
07:39in terms of your project?
07:40So there's actually been decades
07:42of research done on this method
07:45in the US and in Australia
07:46around working, for example,
07:49with barbers in areas
07:50where there'll be a lot
07:51of underrepresented groups
07:53and in communicating things
07:55like having your blood pressure checked
07:57and to encourage women
07:58to have their breasts checked.
07:59So it's really a tried and tested approach.
08:02When it comes to making changes,
08:17some of us might say,
08:18I don't even know where to start.
08:20Or if I do make a change,
08:21what difference is it going to make?
08:23Well, this dairy farm in County Wexford
08:25shows that one small change
08:27can lead to much bigger things.
08:28Alan and Cheryl Poole
08:31are 13th generation farmers.
08:33Running the farm
08:34is very much a family effort
08:36and their children
08:36often join in on the tough jobs.
08:39But beyond the day-to-day work,
08:40the Poole's are deeply committed
08:42to fostering biodiversity
08:43on their land
08:44and conserving wildlife.
08:45You have 103 acres
08:49and you're giving 20% over to nature.
08:51What precipitated that change?
08:53What kind of clicked that mindset for you?
08:55I think we were lucky
08:55when we moved home
08:56and all the hedgerows
08:58that were here when I was a kid
08:59were still here.
09:00They were manicured.
09:01They'd short back and sides.
09:03But then when we moved home,
09:04we just said to the hedge trimmer,
09:05let the tops grow up
09:07and suddenly you started to see
09:09the different plants growing up.
09:10Your hawthorns coming in to blossom
09:12and dog grows and everything.
09:14It was just more variety
09:15and it kind of grew from there.
09:16Alan's background
09:17is in conservation
09:18and environmental science.
09:20So it's like always
09:20just been part of who we are.
09:22And I suppose like we're very lucky
09:24to have the opportunity.
09:26We have a piece of land.
09:27We are custodians
09:28all for this part of time.
09:30Rural economy is so dependent
09:31on agriculture
09:32and dairying is such a big part of that.
09:34You can't just get rid of cows,
09:36but you do have to realise
09:37that there's a climate crisis.
09:39There's a biodiversity crisis.
09:40So for us,
09:41it was very important
09:41to be able to show
09:44that you can do both.
09:46In striving for that balance,
09:47they've discovered
09:48that one small change
09:49can spark many more.
09:52Over 500 metres of new head row
09:54now lines the fields,
09:56nurturing biodiversity,
09:57offering shelter
09:58and helping to manage the grass
10:00that their cows feed on.
10:02Well, the big thing about grass
10:03is it needs lots of management
10:05on a dairy farm.
10:06So what you want
10:07is the cows to come in,
10:08graze for a day and a half
10:09on that paddock
10:10and then it starts to regrow
10:12and they're on to their next paddock,
10:13which is the most efficient way
10:14to use grass
10:15during the height
10:16of the growing season.
10:17So instead of just having
10:18a strip wire like this one here,
10:20we decide, right,
10:21we'll put in a permanent hedge
10:22and it'll divide up the field
10:23on a long-term basis
10:24and then just the wildlife benefits.
10:26It's a whole habitat in itself
10:28and it's a wildlife corridor,
10:29so for the likes of bats
10:30and small mammals
10:32and insect life
10:34and it's a win-win
10:36with so many levels.
10:37The pool's latest project
10:41is the installation
10:42of sediment tanks
10:43to collect rainwater runoff
10:44from buildings and roads.
10:46Instead of flowing straight
10:47to the nearby river,
10:49it is now diverted
10:50through the tanks
10:51where the sediment settles.
10:53The overflow then travels
10:54through a channel
10:55to a new pond
10:56where it gradually seeps
10:57into the groundwater.
10:59The results are twofold.
11:00The pond creates a new habitat
11:02to support insects and wildlife
11:04and the sediment
11:05is kept away from the river
11:06protecting its water quality.
11:09One of the things we do,
11:10we bring kids out here
11:11and we do kick samples
11:12with them
11:12and there's certain insects
11:13that live only in clean waters
11:16and we can see them
11:17in our kick samples
11:17and the kids can look at them
11:18and identify them.
11:20So it's a really nice,
11:21very visual thing.
11:22We have a pristine river
11:23and we're determined
11:24to keep it that way.
11:25And I mean,
11:26somewhere like this,
11:26it's so magical.
11:27Keeping this the way it is
11:29is incentive enough
11:30to doing the measures
11:31that you're doing.
11:31Oh, absolutely, yeah.
11:32We're very protective of it.
11:33Yeah, I mean,
11:34if this is what change looks like,
11:35I like it.
11:36Yeah, exactly.
11:49Another key focus
11:50for Alan and Cheryl
11:51was enhancing bird life
11:52on their farm
11:53and they take me
11:54to this intriguing structure
11:55where sand martens can nest.
11:5918 months ago
11:59we looked into building it
12:01and it was the really wet spring
12:02so it should have been
12:03a nice handy job
12:04where we put the blocks
12:04on the trailer
12:05and drove out,
12:06had it built in a couple of days
12:07but it was so wet
12:08we couldn't get the trailer
12:09into the field
12:09so we had to get the blocks
12:11in in dribs and drabs
12:12and then bring the cement
12:13in in bucketfuls.
12:14It was a human chain.
12:16Yeah.
12:16They looked from our farm
12:17and you regretted all your choices
12:19and you were like,
12:19why am I doing this?
12:20And we finished it completely
12:21on the 3rd of April
12:22and the birds started going in and out
12:24so I'm standing there
12:25like in the middle of a field
12:26looking at this wall
12:27grinning like a Cheshire cat
12:29going,
12:29because it could have been
12:30a white elephant
12:31if they had an account
12:32people would be going
12:32oh look what he built
12:33what was he thinking of?
12:35This is now a home
12:36to loads of swifts.
12:37Yeah, swifts are really different
12:39because they never land
12:40from the minute they fledge
12:42as chicks
12:42they head south of the Sahara
12:44and they don't come back
12:45for maybe 2 years
12:46when they come back
12:47that's the first time
12:48they use their feet.
12:49It's amazing to think
12:50an animal that only ever
12:51sees wide open sky
12:52suddenly has this mad urge
12:54to go into a tiny little crevice.
12:56Yeah.
12:56They get the name
12:57a banger
12:58the first year
12:58they come back
12:59because they literally
12:59fly against the hole
13:01to try and work out
13:01how to catch on
13:03or how to get in
13:04and they sort of
13:04bang against it
13:05and then the third year
13:06they come back
13:07then they actually
13:08lay eggs and breed.
13:08Okay, so it's a
13:09three year commitment
13:10to get them in
13:11and comfortable
13:11and breeding.
13:12Yeah.
13:14San Martins and Swifts
13:15are endangered in Ireland
13:16because of loss
13:18of their habitat
13:18and a decline
13:19in the insects
13:20that they feed on.
13:21These nesting sites
13:23provide safe homes
13:24for the birds to breed
13:25and boost biodiversity
13:26on the farm.
13:28But ultimately
13:28this is still a business
13:30so it's all about
13:31finding a balance.
13:34Farming is hard, hard work
13:35but we've put a lot
13:37of investment
13:37and work into the farm
13:38to modernise it
13:39and you know
13:39streamline things
13:40so that hopefully
13:41you have more time
13:42but at the same time
13:43because it's a passion
13:44you know
13:44it is those extra hours
13:46in the evening
13:46or you do go above
13:47and beyond.
13:48Yeah, yeah.
13:48But you're doing it
13:49for the joy of standing
13:51in a field
13:51in the middle of April
13:52going yes that worked
13:53as a poster
13:53for what's in the bank
13:54account at the end
13:55of the month.
13:55Oh 100%.
13:55Yeah, yeah.
13:56And these things
13:57you can't put money
13:58and value on it.
13:59Yeah, it's priceless.
14:01We may not be able
14:02to do all the things
14:03that Alan and Cheryl
14:04have done here
14:05but this is a shining
14:06example of what
14:07change looks like.
14:09To overcome
14:09status quo bias
14:10we must start
14:11by questioning
14:12why we're stuck
14:13to the way things are
14:14and then make
14:14small incremental changes
14:16for the better.
14:17So even if it's just
14:19not mowing your lawn
14:20for a month
14:20to help the bees
14:21you never know
14:22where it might lead.
14:51What links the humble
15:07bicycle to a volcanic
15:08explosion?
15:10To answer this
15:11we travel back in time
15:12to 1816
15:13and the year
15:14without a summer.
15:15Twelve months
15:16previously
15:17the world had witnessed
15:18the largest explosion
15:20in recorded human history
15:21that of Mount Tambora
15:23in Indonesia.
15:25A vast plume
15:26of ash and dust
15:27spread across the globe
15:29blocking out the sun
15:30and leading to a
15:32temperature reduction
15:33in Europe
15:33of up to three degrees.
15:36Harvest failed
15:36and food became
15:37unaffordable
15:38as Europe suffered
15:40an agricultural disaster.
15:42But as the old
15:44saying goes
15:45never waste
15:46a good crisis.
15:48In England
15:48Mary Shelley
15:49wrote Frankenstein
15:50while in Germany
15:51Baron
15:52Carl von Dreis
15:53invented the bicycle.
15:55With the desperate
15:56lack of feed
15:57available for horses
15:58which were the main
15:59mode of transport
16:00at the time
16:00the Baron set about
16:02creating a two-wheeled
16:03alternative
16:04the self-propelled
16:05Laufmaschine
16:06literally a running
16:08machine
16:08which came to be known
16:10as the dandy horse.
16:12Sitting on a saddle
16:13he propelled it forward
16:14by running his feet
16:15along the ground
16:16and coasting
16:17in between strides
16:19just like a kid's
16:20balance bike today.
16:22And over the decades
16:23brakes and proper pedals
16:25were added
16:26as the design
16:27came to resemble
16:28our modern velo.
16:30From brimstone
16:31to bicycles
16:32turns out
16:33that the global
16:34climate crisis
16:35really is
16:36the mother of invention.
16:38See you next time.
16:44Change in an individual level
16:55can make a real difference
16:57but can new ideas
16:58and approaches
16:59change behaviour
17:00in our towns?
17:01A team of researchers
17:02has started a pilot project
17:04here in Enniscorthy
17:05to try and tackle
17:06that question
17:06and the key
17:07to this conundrum
17:08is that they're working
17:09hand in hand
17:10with the local community
17:12to try and change
17:13their transport habits
17:14for the better.
17:16Enniscorthy
17:17is a historic town
17:18rich in culture
17:19and heritage
17:20but like many Irish towns
17:22it wasn't designed
17:23with modern living
17:24and transport in mind.
17:26Researcher
17:27Niamh Mor-Cherry
17:28is working
17:28to help bridge that gap.
17:31Can you tell me
17:32about what
17:32the conundrum project does?
17:34So the conundrum project
17:35is looking at
17:36how we can co-create
17:37sustainable
17:38and shared mobility
17:39with communities
17:40in relatively small towns
17:42in Ireland.
17:43The Climate Action Plan
17:44and other government policy
17:45is setting out
17:46to reduce carbon emissions
17:47by 50% by 2030
17:49and we're not seeing
17:51that translate
17:52very easily
17:53into local
17:54place-based action.
17:56Transport
17:56and transport governance
17:58needs to be
17:59more democratic.
18:00So the goal
18:01of our project
18:01is to see
18:02is there ways
18:03that we can work
18:04with communities
18:05from the bottom up
18:06to develop strategy
18:07and policy
18:08that has more meaning
18:09on the ground
18:10because it's addressing
18:11lived experience
18:12and it's improving
18:13quality of life
18:14and well-being
18:14for people.
18:18To find out
18:19what the key problems are
18:20the research team
18:21is reaching out
18:22to Enniscorthy locals
18:23like Jonathan
18:24and Seamus.
18:27What was the main
18:28motivator
18:28for you folks
18:29to get involved?
18:30Me personally
18:31I hate to see
18:32any kind of injustice.
18:34Fair.
18:34The area
18:35that I represent
18:36Enniscorthy East
18:37hasn't been served
18:38well
18:39so the profile
18:40of people there
18:41would be
18:41low income
18:42there wouldn't be
18:43a high percentage
18:44of car ownership
18:45there anyway
18:45they need to
18:47access daily shopping
18:49their medical appointments
18:50which all tend
18:51to be located
18:52on this side of town
18:53you're probably
18:54looking at a 4k
18:55round trip
18:55each day
18:57just to get
18:58the basics
18:58wow
18:59that's a lot
19:00a lot
19:00and then
19:01there's a lot
19:02of safety issues
19:02around that
19:03pinch points
19:04where access
19:05is very narrow
19:06very very poorly
19:07served with
19:08functioning
19:09level crossings
19:09so you know
19:10just actually
19:11making that journey
19:12can be quite hazardous
19:13one of the big
19:14things for us
19:14would be trying
19:15to take cars
19:16off the road
19:16and bringing people in
19:17the less cars
19:19the more user friendly
19:20the town becomes
19:21for tourists
19:21and peoples
19:22and obviously
19:23the environmental benefits
19:25of improving
19:25air quality too
19:26the less cars
19:27on the road
19:27more buses
19:28it's good
19:29for our environment
19:29so
19:29researcher dean
19:31Phelan
19:31is working
19:32directly
19:33with the local
19:33community
19:34in your work
19:36you've identified
19:37about 130
19:38issues or challenges
19:40from your perspective
19:41what were you most
19:42interested or surprised
19:44by
19:44you know
19:45if you take a walk
19:46around Enniscorthy
19:46you'd identify them
19:47pretty quickly
19:48you know
19:48things like steep
19:49topography
19:49and I guess
19:50the real big
19:50impact that that had
19:52but what was
19:53different about that
19:54for us
19:54was
19:54the hyper complexity
19:56involved
19:57in trying to find
19:58solutions
19:59because actually
20:00the same thing
20:00that works in many
20:01other towns
20:02and that if you look
20:03at it on paper
20:03might work here
20:04the local knowledge
20:06that we got
20:06from speaking to people
20:07really had to identify
20:08that things for example
20:09like bike lanes
20:11and bike infrastructure
20:12might not fit towns
20:13like this
20:14because of the steep
20:14topography
20:15to get a sense
20:17of the challenges
20:18facing the town
20:19we're taking a quick
20:20tour
20:20and it's not long
20:21before we come across
20:22our first problem area
20:24so Dean
20:25we're at one of the
20:26bus stops in the town
20:27am I right in saying
20:28this is one of the
20:28main ones right
20:29this is the main bus stop
20:31we've been here
20:32what two three minutes
20:33and we've seen
20:34four bus services
20:35arrive at once
20:36the entire space
20:37used for dedicated
20:38to buses
20:39to pull up to the curb
20:40so people can access
20:41has been blocked
20:42by cars
20:42the buses have had
20:43to park on the road
20:44which is then
20:45blocking traffic
20:46passengers have had
20:46to walk onto the road
20:48to get on it
20:48not to mention the fact
20:50that the main bus stop
20:51is on a narrow path
20:52yep
20:53there's a lack of light
20:54at night time here
20:55where many people
20:56that participate in our
20:57work said they feel
20:58unsafe at this bus stop
20:59so many issues coming
21:01together here right
21:02yeah absolutely
21:02where we are now
21:04is called the
21:04Seemster After Bridge
21:05just down here
21:06it's actually where
21:07the school buses
21:08drop off most of the
21:09school children
21:10that come in
21:10they have to make
21:11their way across here
21:13and then up the hill
21:14crossing several roads
21:15without any pedestrian
21:16crossing
21:17all the way up there
21:18yeah
21:18because actually most of
21:19the schools are up here
21:20on NSC course
21:21the east side
21:22but you can already
21:23see so much traffic
21:24passing by now
21:25and this is the most
21:26quiet time of the day
21:27yeah
21:27so you can imagine
21:28this at rush hour
21:29but a couple of months
21:30ago Wexford County
21:31Council installed
21:32pedestrian crossing
21:33here
21:33there was nothing here
21:34there was nothing here
21:35and this was one
21:35of the key issues
21:36that emerged
21:37throughout our
21:37community workshops
21:38was actually the
21:39problem that
21:40school children faced
21:40well I think one of the
21:54big benefits of this
21:55project has been the
21:57public and community
21:58involvement
21:58yeah
21:59and I think that really
22:00strengthens the actions
22:01and the outcomes of it
22:02when you have people
22:03directly involve themselves
22:05I think there's ownership
22:06yeah
22:07much more buy-in
22:08and they feel like
22:09they're stakeholders then
22:10what are the next steps
22:12we have produced a strategy
22:14that we launched last
22:15November
22:16and in that we have
22:18eight or nine actions
22:19some of those actions
22:21are already in place
22:22changing bus routes
22:23potential for a new
22:24transport hub within the
22:25town
22:26it's still early days
22:28but this new approach
22:29can benefit everyone
22:30and spark wider change
22:31we've received additional
22:33funding to expand the
22:35project in two other
22:36towns Tremor in County
22:37Waterford and Yall in
22:39County Cork
22:39if we do find that this
22:41really works
22:42there is the capacity
22:43to deliver a similar
22:45process out to almost
22:4640 other towns around
22:47Ireland of similar scale
22:49that's really brilliant
22:50that's really fantastic
22:51that's our 10 things to
23:02know about change
23:02next time we're
23:04exploring how Ireland
23:05is built
23:05we'll see you next
23:35we'll see you next
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