Morgan Freeman explains that we don't see screen tearing in our world. Commentators discuss the simulation hypothesis. Jim Gates has tried to represent equations in geometrical shapes which he calls adinkras.
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Thanks for watching. Follow for more videos.
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LearningTranscript
00:00Our universe certainly seems real, but what if it's not?
00:07We may be nothing more than video game characters designed for someone else's amusement.
00:14But how could a computer juggle every aspect of the cosmos?
00:19Maybe what looks random has already been programmed to happen.
00:25Can we discover some hidden glitch in the laws of the universe and uncover its hidden code?
00:34Do we live in the matrix?
00:41Space. Time. Life itself.
00:48The secrets of the cosmos lie through the wormhole.
00:55Pick up a rose. Take in its scent.
01:10Feast your eyes on the crimson of its petals.
01:14Feel the prick of its thorn on your finger.
01:18These sensations are what ground us in reality.
01:23But what if they are just fabricated?
01:27What if we are merely players in someone else's video game?
01:31The big bang just the moment someone flipped the switch and turned on our universe?
01:37In the movie The Matrix, that was one way to see the truth behind a fake reality.
01:44Take the red pill.
01:47Are you ready for it?
01:50Jesse Schell knows a lot about video games.
01:56He teaches students at Carnegie Mellon University how to design them.
02:03He appreciates the enormous effort it would take to create all the details of our world inside a computer.
02:11The most sophisticated video games are still played on two-dimensional screens, like the one you're watching now.
02:22Creating the illusion of three dimensions on flat screens is much simpler than actually creating real three-dimensional space that we can move around in.
02:31So programming 3D space as we know it would be many, many orders of magnitude more difficult than anything we know how to do right now.
02:41Jesse and other video game designers are pretty good at simulating the way objects move through space.
02:48They use Newton's laws of gravity and motion, just as the designers of our world would.
02:55The balls have weight. Air is moving around them.
02:58Electrical charges are increasing and decreasing on the surface of each ball.
03:03And even if I'm a little bit off, the laws of physics are still intact.
03:09But if the rules themselves are off, then we'll know right away that something's wrong, that it's not an accurate simulation of our world.
03:18Making a believable reality would take far more than perfect programming of the way objects look and move.
03:25You'd have to program all the other senses too.
03:29Sound, smell, taste and touch.
03:32And all the subtle variations.
03:34And if even one small thing was off, like say, this coffee having the same taste and temperature as this cereal, you'd know right away that something was terribly wrong.
03:45How would you computerize taste?
03:49Or program the feel of soft grass underfoot?
03:52Even the air we breathe is filled with gases, water molecules, dust particles and pollen.
03:57At Carnegie Mellon's Entertainment Technology Center, Jesse is trying to make simulations as immersive as possible.
04:11In what he calls the cave, a moving platform adds to the visual experience.
04:19But sometimes the simulation is too much for the computer and we get glitches, just like in a video game.
04:26It's possible that if we were making a simulation of the real world, that the same thing could happen.
04:30When a computer can't keep up with the visuals it needs to render, you often see a defect called screen tearing.
04:40We've never seen that in our world, but not all glitches would be visible to people on the inside.
04:45If the simulation freezes, then the people who are in it might not know because it could freeze for a thousand years and anyone who was part of the simulation would also be frozen in a state of suspended animation so that when it started up again, it would be absolutely seamless to them and they would never know.
05:05If someone else has created us inside their computers, then they must also have built programs for all of our mental abilities.
05:16Our imaginations, our emotions and the thoughts running through our heads every time we engage in conversation.
05:24As humans, we get so much information from talking that an accurate conversation program is crucial.
05:31What did you want to be when you grew up?
05:32A fireman.
05:35A fireman? That's noble.
05:37So either A, you've got a death wish, or B, you like to stare at fire.
05:42And it only takes us a split second to notice a problem with the conversation.
05:46So you can imagine the challenge of simulating 7 billion people all talking together at once.
05:53Jesse thinks our creators could be using a few shortcuts to handle this heavy load.
05:58Concepts already used by today's game programmers.
06:01You could make just a few people be active players and then surround them with billions of much simpler characters.
06:11Or another thing you could do is only put detailed simulations where I'm looking at a given time.
06:17If I'm looking just to one place, just put all the focus over there and make everything else around me just kind of a blur.
06:22Maybe you are the only active player in this game you call your life.
06:30Everyone else exists only when you are paying attention.
06:34Your program would be the only one running all the time.
06:38Even when you sleep.
06:39Dreams are already a kind of simulated reality.
06:43So to program dreams, you'd have to create a virtual reality within a virtual reality.
06:49If our world is an incredibly complex computational creation, what does that say about its creators?
06:58What must their reality be like if spawning an entire universe is just a game?
07:05As difficult as it is for us to imagine creating a universe as complex as our own, it might not actually be that hard for someone living in a universe more advanced than ours.
07:16I think I'll need to sleep on that idea.
07:18If we are living in a simulation right now, who created it? God?
07:29More advanced alien life forms that dreamt us up to be their avatars?
07:35Or could our creators be future versions of ourselves?
07:40Nick Bostrom, a professor of philosophy at the University of Oxford, believes we are almost certainly living inside the computers of our descendants.
07:59The buildings here in Oxford are really old.
08:02I mean, this wall might be four or five hundred years old.
08:05And think of all the technology we have developed in these short centuries.
08:09So if we zoom forward a few centuries, then presumably we will then have technology that would be equally magical to us as television would be to our ancestors who build these walls.
08:21Nick believes over the next few centuries, we'll be combining technology with our own biology.
08:29We will evolve into post-humans, hybrids of man and machine with phenomenal computational powers.
08:38Just 20 years ago, a realistic simulation of a city was impossible.
08:43Now we can make those fake scenes pretty convincing.
08:49The combined processing power of post-humans would have no trouble rendering an entire world and all the people in it.
08:58We can estimate the amount of computing power it would take to simulate one human brain.
09:03And it's possible to calculate how much computing power a technologically mature civilization would have at its disposal.
09:14A mature civilization would have vastly more computational power available than it would take to run a full simulation with all seven billion people in it.
09:25Creating a virtual version of our world would be as easy for post-humans as snapping a finger.
09:30But why does Nick think our descendants have already done it?
09:39This priceless real human skull was used in the very first performance of Shakespeare's Hamlet.
09:49Here hung those lips I have kissed, I know not how often.
09:54Actually, it's only a cheap reproduction.
10:00One of many thousands used in the countless times the play has been performed.
10:05What if each of us is like that skull?
10:10There's one original biological version and thousands of fabricated copies.
10:16What are the chances that I am the original version of me?
10:23Or that you are the original version of you?
10:32University of Oxford philosopher Nick Bostrom is trying to get himself into the mindset of our super-intelligent post-human descendants.
10:40He thinks their vast computing power will allow them to create virtual realities and watch them as easily as we watch TV.
10:55Imagine that I'm one of these post-humans.
10:58I may decide to run elaborate simulations for scientific purposes or maybe for entertainment.
11:03Think of these as the most incredible stage adaptations ever created.
11:12Discordance. A family cleft in twain. My wife, like skull, without a brain. Boy!
11:20My father, thou cost me?
11:22What sayest thou upon the matter?
11:24William Shakespeare simulated the story of a Danish prince named Hamlet some 400 years ago.
11:32400 years in the future, when our descendants have the dramatic urge, they may make simulations of us.
11:40What else do you speak?
11:42With all of these capabilities that post-humans would possess, I could continually refine these simulations
11:46until they match the reality of my ancestors.
11:50All right, stop.
11:52So how likely is it that we are merely patterns of data on a post-human hard drive?
11:58Nick and a colleague have made the calculations, and the results are unsettling.
12:05If my post-human civilization has the ability to create one incredibly accurate simulation of my ancestors,
12:12then we'll soon have the technology to create thousands, even millions of variations of this simulation to examine all possible variations of our past.
12:24Are we biological beings living here and now in the 21st century?
12:30Or is this actually the 25th century?
12:34And are we one of many simulated copies of post-human ancestors?
12:38Nick says the odds against our being biological humans are overwhelming.
12:45It's like the odds that I'm watching this play the first time it's ever been performed.
12:51It's much more likely that I'm watching one of the many thousands of times it's been performed over hundreds of years.
12:57Cut. Nicely done.
12:59If Nick is right, we'll need to get used to the idea that our lives are just computer-fabricated dramas.
13:05Let's hope our creators are enjoying the show.
13:12Could something as complicated as a human being ever be computer-simulated?
13:19The characters we play with in video games have come a long way over the years.
13:24From bodies made of crude pixelated blocks to increasingly lifelike versions of ourselves.
13:31But even the most realistic avatars only look real on the outside.
13:44Could we ever build a body from the inside out?
13:49Cell by cell?
13:51And could that simulated person be an exact copy of a flesh-and-blood human?
14:04Steven Larsen wants to build the world's first fully digital animal.
14:10A perfect replica of his biological counterpart.
14:14He's starting small.
14:15All around the world, you can find a one millimeter long worm, much smaller than a typical earthworm.
14:25This barely visible worm is known as C. elegans.
14:29Now, it may seem insignificant, but this little guy has the distinction of being one of the most thoroughly studied animals in all of biology and neuroscience.
14:38Steven and his colleagues are compiling decades of research about this tiny worm in order to create the world's most realistic computer-generated creature.
14:50It only has about 1,000 cells, 959 to be exact, and only 302 neurons, about 95 body-wall muscle cells.
14:57That sounds easy enough to build, but it's not.
15:03Each cell needs to run its own specific computer code.
15:07And all the pieces of code must function together just as the connected cells do.
15:12When finished, it won't just look real.
15:16It will act real.
15:18It will seek virtual food, produce virtual waste, and create virtual offspring.
15:24And making it will not be child's play.
15:32This little remote-controlled car only has about one-tenth as many parts as C. elegans.
15:38Now, here, we have a full-size car, made of thousands of parts, including computers and wiring.
15:45It does all sorts of complex things, like navigation, air conditioning. It has lights.
15:50A worm's components are interconnected, just like those of a car.
15:57In our worm, in addition to building muscle cells and nerve cells, we're also creating models of how muscle cells work together and how the nervous system should work.
16:06Then we can connect the muscle cells to the nervous system.
16:09Now, when we do that, this may be the result.
16:18Nothing. Because of all the complex interactions.
16:23But if Steven and his colleagues precisely simulate every cell of C. elegans and get all those individual programs working together, his computerized worm will do something no car can.
16:41It will live and act completely under its own control.
16:45It's a much bigger challenge than just programming flashy video game characters that look like real-life approximations of creatures.
16:54If we wanted to, we could already program a C. elegans and make it look like it can do all sorts of amazing things.
17:00So far, Steven and his colleagues have written programs for some of the worm's muscle and nerve cells.
17:07But they're still working on code to simulate the complex electrical and chemical interactions between them.
17:15So we still have a lot of work to get everything built, wired and connected together so that our virtual worm will behave just as a real biological worm.
17:25Then the stage will be set to work on more complex creatures.
17:28A human is made up of trillions of cells, so creating one biologically accurate computer-generated person would be like wiring together all the parts and more than 100 million cars.
17:43It may take many decades or even centuries, but I believe that one day we should be able to build virtual versions of ourselves that are like us in every way.
17:51So we'll have to get used to the idea that virtual or artificial entities may someday think and act for themselves.
18:00Hey, wait!
18:02If we're already living in a virtual reality, then we must be those lifelike artificial creatures.
18:10But how can we prove it?
18:12This physicist believes he's found a glitch in the workings of our universe that could show us the Matrix is a reality.
18:21Artificial environments are built on a 3D grid.
18:29If someone built our universe in a computer, we should be able to find this grid underpinning everything.
18:38We've never seen any sign of it.
18:40But one scientist thinks he knows how to look under the surface of the cosmos to determine if there is an artificial wireframe holding reality together.
18:59Silas Bean, a nuclear physicist at the University of Washington, thinks about the grid like a football field.
19:07A football field is known as a grid iron because of all the yardage markers.
19:13Now, if you imagine extending those yardage markers from sideline to sideline and from end zone to end zone and further extend those grid lines into the third dimension above the field, then you have a grid or lattice structure, which is very similar to the foundations of the environment of a video game.
19:28We instinctively think of the space around us as continuous and indivisible.
19:36Space doesn't appear to come in cubes.
19:39But in a digital reality, it would.
19:42Our grid would have to be smaller than the smallest thing we know, a subatomic particle.
19:47There would still be minute distances between the points on the grid that are connected to each other.
19:54If we're living in a simulation, then this is what space time could look like.
19:58Space will always be in discrete pieces rather than continuous.
20:01Such a fine-grained 3D grid would be impossible to notice in our daily lives.
20:09It would even elude almost all scientific experiments.
20:14But Silas and his colleagues have devised a plan to detect it.
20:19If it exists.
20:20He thinks the most explosive events in the universe might give it away.
20:28Supernovas generate streams of super high energy cosmic ray particles.
20:34But physicists have noticed something strange about them.
20:38The highest energy cosmic rays they expect to see are missing.
20:44Silas thinks the grid might be the culprit.
20:47If reality is real and there is no artificial structure to our universe,
20:52then there is no upper limit on the energy that a cosmic ray particle can have when it is first created.
20:57But there does seem to be a limit, what we call the cosmic ray cut-off.
21:03If cosmic rays are restricted to moving only along grid lines,
21:07it could act as a break on their energy.
21:10To test this theory, Silas and his colleagues want to compare the energy levels of cosmic rays traveling in space.
21:17In different directions.
21:22Imagine if each of these band members is a cosmic ray particle.
21:25We can learn a lot by observing their motion.
21:26In a universe without an underlying grid structure, particles move in the same way in all directions.
21:39Now let's see what happens if we assume that there is an underlying grid structure.
21:48Moving straight along a grid axis is simple, like the path of band members and the blue uniforms.
21:54Moving diagonally, like those in white uniforms, requires a series of zig-zag steps.
22:02That means they would have to expend more energy getting from point A to point B compared with cosmic rays moving along an axis.
22:10Another way of saying that is the particles moving in different directions on the grid would have energies that depend on the angle.
22:19Silas believes if we measure cosmic rays zipping through space and find that those traveling at one angle have consistently different energies from those traveling at another angle, then we'll know there's a grid structure to our universe.
22:34It's the glitch in the system, an indication that our universe may be operating in a simulated artificial manner.
22:41I think it would cause everyone to think about the universe differently and to really search for an explanation for why there is this grid structure, whether it be a natural one or whether it be due to the fact that we are being simulated.
22:55If we're living in a virtual reality inside a computer, some kind of master code must run all the programs that make up our universe.
23:05You would think that code would have to be impossibly complex, but this computer scientist claims he can run the universe from the lines of code on a single note card.
23:17Imagine that some entity far more advanced than us could invent computer programs for every aspect of our universe.
23:31The behavior of atoms, laws of gravity, the human genome.
23:36To manage all of those individual programs, the creator would need some master program like a cosmic operating system.
23:47The software would be impossibly long and complex, right?
23:53Maybe not.
23:54One German computer scientist claims that these few lines of code are all someone would need to run our universe.
24:08Juergen Schmidhuber is the director of the Swiss Artificial Intelligence Lab in Lugano, Switzerland.
24:15He believes our universe could well be computer generated and thinks he knows how to write its code.
24:24I believe it's quite possible that our universe is computable, meaning everything is part of a computer simulation.
24:35Now you may say, how could you possibly program the whole universe within fewer than ten lines of code?
24:41Well, there are many things about our world that seem very complex, but really aren't.
24:48Juergen believes it all boils down to a single core principle, data compression.
24:56For example, this is an incredibly long number, long enough to wrap around the world and come back again, over and over, forever.
25:07There's a very simple concept behind it, which is the ratio between the circumference of a circle and its diameter, or?
25:18Pi.
25:20There's a very short code, a short program that computes this entire long sequence.
25:25Compressing a giant number like pi into a few characters of code is simple.
25:30Similar data compression could be taking place all around us.
25:35Clouds in the sky might be rendered by simple equations that generate complex shapes and movements.
25:42The same goes for our entire landscape.
25:45Computer-generated fractal landscape programs take small triangles, stack them on top of each other while also rotating and crushing each other on various sides to make very realistic versions of nature.
25:59And in a virtual reality, this mountain or similar mountains can be created with just a few lines of code.
26:07A simple repeating program may work fine for building a virtual mountain, but what about living creatures?
26:15How about the complexity of human behavior?
26:19Can all of our movements and decisions be compressed into simple bits of code?
26:25According to JĂŒrgen, what we call learning is really data compression.
26:31Anyone who's tried to find a new address in an unfamiliar city knows how complicated that can be.
26:37But once the route has been learned, the next trip is easy.
26:42Humans are problem solvers, and any efficient problem solver is going to try to find a solution to the given problem that is both simple and fast.
26:53If JĂŒrgen decides to go to the top of a nearby mountain, he'll use a series of simple programs to get there.
27:02Each program that goes into accomplishing the larger task is known as a sub-program.
27:07The first idea that comes to mind is to reuse a sub-program that I learned a long time ago, which involves sending electrical signals to my leg muscles and make them move in a certain way.
27:21That's called walking.
27:22The coordinated action of billions of nerve and muscle cells is now a simple sub-program.
27:33The same goes for a more complex interaction between man and machine.
27:38It was a little piece of machinery with two wheels and again another sub-program that invokes my leg muscles in a certain way, and that's called biking.
27:49But are there some aspects of our universe that can't be compressed into simple programs?
27:56Surely we can't compress everything in our lives.
28:00What if he loses his ticket?
28:03What if the tram breaks down?
28:05Can truly random events be programmed?
28:08Juergen believes that what we see as random or accidental events only have the appearance of randomness.
28:18They are what he calls pseudo-random.
28:22So if this universe can be computed by a short program, then by definition it cannot be random.
28:30It must be pseudo-random, just like pi, because truly random data is not compressible.
28:36If Juergen is right, then there is no luck, no chance, no free will.
28:44Everything we've ever done and will do has already been programmed.
28:49So maybe all aspects of our universe can be broken down into simple sub-programs.
28:56But how could a short master program control all of them?
29:00Juergen believes it only takes one final act of data compression.
29:07We just write a very short program which lists all possible programs, starting with the shortest.
29:14And the entire list of programs is very easy to generate.
29:18And then this master program allocates runtime to each of these such that all of them get a share of the total runtime.
29:26It's hard not to feel insignificant if we're all just bits of computer code.
29:31But Juergen believes it actually makes each of us more important than ever.
29:38If you change a bit of this program, maybe all of this will completely disappear and the whole universe will be very different.
29:46In that sense, you can view yourself as an essential ingredient of the entire universe.
29:53It will be very difficult to edit you out of it because the only way of getting rid of you is to make the whole thing more complex.
30:00If everything in our universe is made from computer code, then the fundamental building blocks of our existence are information instead of matter.
30:12If so, can we find those bits and bytes of reality?
30:16One physicist claims to have done just that.
30:19Just that.
30:24What forms the foundation of our reality?
30:27If you could look deep inside every atom and every ray of sunshine, you'd find fundamental particles.
30:36The building blocks of matter and energy.
30:39But what are they made of?
30:41Could the building blocks of reality be simply bits of information?
30:53Theoretical physicist Jim Gates at the University of Maryland investigates the physics and mathematics of the fundamental particles in our universe.
31:03Well, you see, we physicists, you could call us a company called Equations Are Us,
31:07because what we really do is write equations that describe nature and then use those to make predictions about things that no one had ever found or seen or even dreamed of before.
31:18Jim investigates how the fundamental particles of the universe interact with each other.
31:23Because he's a proponent of the controversial concept called string theory, Jim often finds himself selling his ideas to skeptics.
31:32Stream theory includes at least 10 dimensions of space and many particles that have not yet been discovered.
31:40It's all based on some very complicated math.
31:44I found some very puzzling signs that buried in the equations that I was studying.
31:49There was another set of equations.
31:51We discussed this with some mathematicians and to our great disappointment, the reaction of mathematicians were,
31:56what in the world are you talking about?
32:03To make the equations easier to understand, Jim turned them into geometry.
32:09He represented the interactions between subatomic particles as specific three-dimensional shapes.
32:16He called the structures a dinkras.
32:19The name is derived from a West African symbol used to represent abstract concepts.
32:24I could have my equations that I understand in the way that I do, but I could put it in front of a mathematician to ask,
32:31what is it that you see here?
32:33They will begin to tell me a different story, and that's the power of collaboration, and that's what started happening with us.
32:38Jim collaborated with physicists and mathematicians to examine how the parts of an dinkra structure relate to each other.
32:46Buried within the convoluted calculations, Jim found something that looked familiar.
32:51It looked like computer code.
32:55It turns out that expressing the relationship between them is easiest if you use ones and zeros.
33:02These are called bits in computer science.
33:05I know of no other example in the kinds of equations that describe fundamental science where bits have occurred.
33:11And even more remarkably, we have found that the bits in our equations have ranged themselves into error-correcting codes, something that makes your browser work every day.
33:21When you surf the web or use any form of digital communication, crucial ones or zeros are inevitably lost in the transmission.
33:34Error-correcting codes fill in the dropped bits.
33:37They protect data from corruption and prevent computer programs from crashing.
33:44Jim believes the error-correcting codes he discovered work in the same way, to maintain the stability of subatomic interactions.
33:54Without this error-correction, the way fundamental particles interact could be corrupted, like a computer crash on a universal scale.
34:03Then you can ask, well, gee, does that mean that somehow our universe is like a big computer simulation?
34:12The idea that nature might use error-correction codes at first seemed wrong to Jim, but he soon found another example.
34:21It turns out there's one piece of natural science in which this discussion has been going on for decades is genetics.
34:27In the human body, error-correcting codes allow us to stay healthy and strong.
34:38The codes act to stabilize the genome.
34:42Genetic error-correcting codes ensure that cells copy themselves accurately throughout an organism's lifetime.
34:49Think of the DNA replicating itself while a cell divides as being like a fighter trying to stay strong and stable during a round in the ring.
35:00We can imagine that if our fighter doesn't have error-correcting codes, the first thing that happens is one of his arms stops working.
35:07Next, his legs stop working.
35:17Then his eyes fail.
35:20Without error-correcting codes, he is quickly deteriorating, struggling to survive.
35:25There's no stability, and he could collapse at any moment.
35:36Now, a fighter equipped with error-correcting codes will eventually also deteriorate.
35:44However, the error-correcting codes act to sustain vigor for a much longer time.
35:49When bad copies of genes get made, the results can be cell death or malfunctions like cancer.
35:58Genetic error-correction reduces the copy failure rate to less than one in a billion.
36:04And this is an analogy for the role that error-correcting codes could play in the structure of something like our universe.
36:11Our universe has been running smoothly for almost 14 billion years.
36:16Maybe it has lasted that long thanks to error-correcting codes.
36:21Codes that make sure the fundamental particles in our cosmos don't go haywire.
36:31But nothing lasts forever.
36:33Eventually, our universe will begin to age, errors will creep in, and it will die.
36:39Or, what if the codes Jim discovered really are computer-generated?
36:42Whoever programmed the cosmos could decide to pull the plug at any moment.
36:48Maybe it's time to create our own universe.
36:55Is our universe a natural one or artificial?
36:59Either way, it can't last forever.
37:02So, is there anything we can do to save ourselves?
37:06Perhaps we need to design our own new universe and move there.
37:15Philosopher Clément Vidal of the Free University in Brussels believes we need to take control of our cosmic destiny.
37:27It's almost certain that our universe will end.
37:31So, should we accept this as a blunt fact?
37:35I don't believe so. I think we should do something about it.
37:38And if we take inspiration from biology, which is to reproduce, so maybe we should reproduce the universe.
37:44We all want a better life, a better home for our kids.
37:50And Clément believes we may one day be able to give our descendants a better universe as well.
38:01It's a big project, to say the least.
38:04According to Clément, we'll have to practice first by building virtual computer-simulated universes.
38:10In any engineering project, you start by making a simulation of what you want to build.
38:17So, I imagine that in the far future, an advanced civilization would want to explore the space of possible universes.
38:26And then select the universe they want to build.
38:30One of the most important things we need to learn is how our universe came to be fine-tuned for life.
38:36And simulations can help us to learn that.
38:38When the simulations are done, and we're ready to build a new home for our descendants,
38:46we'll need one more thing.
38:49A colossal source of energy.
38:53Indeed, the making of a new universe will most likely resemble another Big Bang.
38:58So, the energies would be very high, and ultimately this new universe would be disconnected from our own,
39:07which means that it would have a new space-time structure.
39:10Making a Big Bang may sound impossible, but Clément believes a special type of binary star system could provide the needed energy.
39:23Supermassive stars, such as white dwarves and neutron stars, have enormous gravitational pull.
39:28If another star is close enough, the more massive star sucks in the energy from the companion star.
39:36Clément believes we could harness this enormous concentration of energy.
39:41Think of it as an incredibly scaled-up version of a renewable energy plant.
39:50This wood pellets are converted into electricity at this biomass plant.
39:58In a similar way, the energy of a companion star is converted into a denser form of energy into white dwarves neutron stars.
40:07Imagine this power plant is the size of a neutron star.
40:15And these pellets are being harvested from another nearby star.
40:20They are so dense that a single pellet would weigh more than Mount Everest.
40:26Clément thinks if we can use that enormous concentration of matter and energy,
40:32we'll have the power to change the fabric of the universe.
40:37Well, to create a new universe, presumably you would have to manipulate the structure of space-time.
40:44And this space-time becomes, in some theories, malleable at very high densities.
40:53Could we someday harness the energy of super-dense stars to manipulate space-time and create our own Big Bang?
41:02Clément's theory of universe creation is far from mainstream.
41:06But he hopes that someday his concept will be tested.
41:11I'm confident that tests can be devised because we have plenty of data about those interacting binary star systems.
41:19So we just need to think creatively and scientifically about how to test the hypothesis.
41:26The first tests will no doubt be done through computer simulations.
41:33Perhaps some other civilization more advanced than ours is already conducting these tests with us.
41:40With us?
41:41Are we living in a universe created by someone or something else?
41:47If so, is it a beta version that an advanced entity is still tinkering with?
41:53Or is it a version they've programmed to last?
41:56Maybe someday we'll find proof that we're all players in the greatest video game ever made.
42:12Would that knowledge make us feel manipulated like pawns?
42:19Or would it free us to take risks and live life to the fullest?
42:24Because none of this is real.
42:26None of this is real.
42:31Either way, whether it's natural or artificial, life is a glorious game.
42:39And we should play to win.
42:41even if you've once ever finished in fact that game were without completelyăă§ă.
42:42I am sure to only watch on the mission to dictate attention to asäżșs think.
42:43Tra rien over also takes time.
42:44So time next sendo, how choose between 5,000 by 5,000 times rust, magic, magic, magică«ăă, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic, magic.
42:47Others didn't get
42:50ever time next song anyway.
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