This video explores every prisoner ever held inside the dangerous Tower of London including Guy Fawkes and Anne Askew.
The tower was one of London's most feared places from the 1200's to 1950 that held over 107 inmates during its time as a feared London prison.
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The tower was one of London's most feared places from the 1200's to 1950 that held over 107 inmates during its time as a feared London prison.
💬 COMMENT below and let us know what you think!
#toweroflondon #prison #truecrimeuk #mostdangerous
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We guarantee that the work you see on this channel is unique, original and created completely by ourselves in a professional recording studio using Sony Vegas 11, this also includes thumbnail images which are created in Photoshop Elements 11.
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FunTranscript
00:00:00Betrayal, ambition and blood, few places echo with the ghosts of England's past like the Tower of London.
00:00:08These stone walls have witnessed Queen's fall, ministers crumble and innocents scream with some of the most famous faces in history,
00:00:16imprisoned within its walls and meeting their end in brutal circumstances.
00:00:22In today's video we count down 107 of the Tower's most tragic prisoners, each caught in the deadly web of England's court.
00:00:32Make sure to comment down below and let me know what you think about this dark time in history
00:00:36and hit the subscribe button with notifications as we publish videos every single week.
00:00:42Number 107, Ranul Flambard, a medieval Norman Bishop of Durham and an influential government official of King William Rufus of England,
00:00:52Flambard held the King's seal and also became involved in the financial administration of the kingdom during the high part of his career.
00:01:02He personally managed 16 abbeys or bishoprics and obtained the wealthy see of Durham for himself in May 1099.
00:01:09His life came crashing down in 1100 when King Henry I came to the throne and imprisoned him in the Tower on charges of embezzlement.
00:01:17Flambard became the Tower's first prisoner but also the first person to escape its walls.
00:01:23Using a rope smuggled in a flagon of wine by friends, he gave the drink to his guards and climbed down the rope to escape.
00:01:32Ranulph eventually helped complete Durham Cathedral, fortified Durham with a wall around Durham Castle and built Norham Castle to help defend the Tweed River.
00:01:42Number 106, William, Count of Mortain.
00:01:46Captured with Duke Robert at the Battle of Tinchabri, the Count was stripped of his titles and land by his cousin,
00:01:54Henry I of England, after taking up arms against him with the Normans.
00:01:58William had demanded the Earldom of Kent on a number of occasions, however the King had other ideas and instead offered him the hand of Mary of Scotland,
00:02:08Queen Matilda's sister, which William promptly rejected after his capture was imprisoned for many years in the Tower of London
00:02:16and in 1140 became a Cluniac monk at Bermondsey Abbey, never again gaining with the King.
00:02:22Number 105, Constance of France.
00:02:25Also known as the Countess of Toulouse, this princess of the House of Capet was the only daughter of Louis VI of France.
00:02:32Constance of France, later the Duchess of Brittany, was imprisoned in the Tower of London primarily due to the political and territorial disputes that arose in the late 12th century.
00:02:43Specifically, she was held captive as a result of the power struggles and rebellions sparked by her claim to Brittany and the actions of her son, Arthur, in challenging King John of England.
00:02:55He saw Constance as a potential threat and imprisoned her as a means of exerting control over Brittany and its neighbouring territories and ordered Geoffrey de Mandeville to capture her.
00:03:07Constance was eventually released from the Tower, but she continued to be embroiled in political manoeuvring.
00:03:12Number 104, William Fitz Osbert.
00:03:16Known as William with the Beard, Osbert was a well-educated lawyer and speaker who became a voice for the poor in London.
00:03:22Gaining a massive following, Osbert began to undermine the rich and powerful, and his movement was seen as a serious threat to the stability of the government.
00:03:31The Archbishop of Canterbury at the time, Hubert Walter, who also served as Chief Justiciar of England, took swift action to suppress the movement, and forcibly arrested him in 1196 while he sought sanctuary in a church.
00:03:46Forcibly imprisoned in the Tower, Osbert was publicly tried and executed after being dragged through the streets, a rare and symbolic punishment meant to discourage rebellion.
00:03:57Number 103, John de Corsi.
00:04:00Prominent Anglo-Norman knight and adventurer de Corsi was best known for his invasion and conquest of Ulster in the late 12th century.
00:04:08De Corsi's independence and growing power began to alarm King John of England, especially since de Corsi did not seek royal permission for many of his actions.
00:04:17In 1204, King John dispatched Hugh de Lacey to deal with de Corsi, was captured in battle, taken prisoner, and brought to the English court where he was briefly imprisoned in the Tower, but eventually released, never regaining his status.
00:04:33Number 102, Hubert de Bourgh.
00:04:36Hubert de Bourgh rose from relatively humble origins to become one of the most influential men in England.
00:04:42As Justiciar, he was effectively the King's Chief Minister and wielded significant military and political power, especially during King John's reign and the minority of Henry III.
00:04:54By the early 1230s, Hubert had made many enemies at court, including Peter de Roche, Bishop of Winchester, and the faction of foreign favourites who surrounded the young King Henry III.
00:05:07In 1232, he was stripped of his offices and titles, accused of corruption and misuse of funds, though the charges were largely political in nature.
00:05:16Hubert sought sanctuary at Merton Priory, but he was forcibly removed and imprisoned in the Tower of London, but his imprisonment was controversial and led to public sympathy for him.
00:05:27Hubert escaped from the Tower, a daring feat for the time, and fled to a sanctuary at Brentwood, and later was moved to Devise's Castle.
00:05:35Number 101, Gruffid Ap, Lee Whelan IV.
00:05:40Born circa 1198, Gruffid was the son of Lee Whelan the Great, ruler of much of Wales, and despite being the eldest son, Lee Whelan chose his legitimate son Daphid, Ape Lee Whelan, as his successor.
00:05:54Gruffid was ambitious and contested his exclusion from power, but Gruffid became a potential rival and rallying point for opposition to Daphid, so Daphid imprisoned Gruffid, likely to neutralise any challenge.
00:06:10In 1241, after Henry III invaded Gwynedd and forced Daphid into a treaty, Gruffid was handed over to the English king as a hostage to secure Daphid's compliance.
00:06:22Henry III held Gruffid not just as a political hostage in the Tower, but also as a bargaining chip, and in 1244, Gruffid made a desperate attempt to escape from the Tower by climbing down the Tower wall using a rope made of bedsheets.
00:06:38Tragically, the makeshift rope broke and Gruffid fell to his death, reportedly breaking his neck.
00:06:44Number 100, John of Scotland.
00:06:47John of Scotland, also known as John de Balliol, was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296, and a powerful Scottish noble with claims to the English throne.
00:06:58In 1292, after a succession crisis, Edward I of England was invited to arbitrate among multiple claimants and chose John Balliol, but forced him to acknowledge England as Scotland's feudal overlord.
00:07:11In 1295, Scotland allied with France, defying Edward, and in response, Edward invaded Scotland in 1296, with John defeated at the Battle of Dunbar and captured shortly after.
00:07:24He was forced to abdicate at Stracathro in July 1296, symbolically stripped of his royal garments and seal, a moment known as Tomb Tabard, or Empty Coat.
00:07:36After his abdication, John Balliol was brought to London and imprisoned in the Tower, Nutt was treated more like a high-profile hostage than a common criminal.
00:07:46In 1299, after about three years in captivity, John was released into the custody of the Pope as part of political negotiations involving France and the Papacy.
00:07:56Number 99, William Douglas.
00:07:59Known as William the Bold, Douglas was the Lord of Douglas and father of the famous Sir James the Black Douglas, right-hand man of Robert the Bruce.
00:08:08In 1296, after the English under King Edward I invaded Scotland and deposed John Balliol, William initially swore fealty to Edward.
00:08:18In 1297, he joined the Scottish uprising, led by William Wallace and others, turning against English rule with Douglas, helping to organise resistance in the south of Scotland, and became a key figure in the rebellion.
00:08:32In late 1297, William Douglas was captured by the English, likely during skirmishes around Berwick or Eyre.
00:08:39He was taken as a high-value prisoner to London, and imprisoned in the Tower of London, and was marked as traitor, meaning conditions were grim.
00:08:48Douglas died in the Tower of London in 1298, likely from illness and neglect, becoming one of the earliest Scottish nobles to pay with his life for defying Edward I.
00:09:00Number 98, William Wallace.
00:09:03Becoming the first person to be imprisoned in the Tower during the 14th century, the legendary Scottish freedom fighter and leader during the First War of Scottish Independence only spent a few days in the Tower.
00:09:16Wallace rose to prominence after leading Scottish forces to victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297.
00:09:23After a devastating loss at Falkirk in 1298, he continued guerrilla warfare against King Edward the Fenn's forces.
00:09:30For years, he evaded capture, becoming an outlaw, a hero to the Scots, and a hated enemy to the English Crown.
00:09:38However, in August 1305, Wallace was betrayed and captured near Glasgow.
00:09:43There is no record of formal interrogation or a fair trial.
00:09:47Instead, his time in the Tower was merely a prelude to his execution.
00:09:52On 23rd August 1305, Wallace was taken to Westminster Hall, tried for treason and atrocities against civilians.
00:09:58The trial was a mockery of justice.
00:10:01He was not allowed to speak in his defence, and his fate was predetermined with the sentence of being executed in the most brutal way of the time.
00:10:10Number 97, David II of Scotland.
00:10:13Born in 1324, David became King of Scots in 1329 at the age of just five, after the death of his father, Robert the Bruce.
00:10:24In 1332, Edward Balliol, son of former King John Balliol, backed by Edward III of England, invaded Scotland and claimed the throne.
00:10:34David was sent into exile in France for safety, returning in 1341 to resume rule as a young adult.
00:10:41In 1346, David II led an invasion of England to support France.
00:10:46On 17th October 1346, he was defeated and captured at the Battle of Neville's Cross near Durham, seriously wounded in the face by an arrow and betrayed by some of his own men.
00:10:58Taken to London as a high-value prisoner, David was held for a time in the Tower of London, and although not treated poorly, he was, as a king, closely guarded.
00:11:09After 11 years of captivity, David was finally released in 1357 under the Treaty of Berwick.
00:11:16His imprisonment in the Tower of London is one of the longest royal captivities in British history.
00:11:22Number 96, the Earl of Menteeth.
00:11:25Sir John Graham, Earl of Menteeth, was captured at the Battle of Neville's Cross in 1346.
00:11:31As one of the key Scottish commanders, he found himself sent south to the Tower of London as a prisoner of war and a political hostage.
00:11:40He was kept under heavy guard, not just because of his rank, but his influence in Scotland.
00:11:45Menteeth's imprisonment was a reminder that the Tower wasn't just for English traitors, it was a holding cell for foreign threats to the Crown.
00:11:53He would eventually be released, but only after years of negotiation, diplomacy and ransom.
00:11:58Number 95, John II of France.
00:12:02John II of France was seized at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 during the Hundred Years' War.
00:12:08He was brought to England and held in the Tower, not as a criminal, but as a royal guest prisoner.
00:12:14But even in captivity, King John maintained a lavish lifestyle.
00:12:18He hosted feasts, held court and reportedly brought over an entourage of nobles.
00:12:23But when his son failed to uphold the terms of his release, John did something extraordinary.
00:12:28He voluntarily returned to English captivity.
00:12:31He died in London in 1364, a king who chose honour over escape.
00:12:37Number 94, Richard II of England.
00:12:40In 1399, after years of unpopular rule and political purges, Richard was deposed by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke, who became Henry IV.
00:12:51Richard was brought to the Tower of London, no longer a king but a prisoner, and he reportedly spent days wandering its corridors in a daze, clinging to memories of his lost power.
00:13:02Though later moved to Pontefract Castle, where he would die under mysterious circumstances, his brief imprisonment in the Tower marked the symbolic fall of a divine right monarch.
00:13:14Number 93, James I of Scotland.
00:13:18In 1406, the young prince was captured by English pirates while en route to France.
00:13:24Instead of releasing him, King Henry IV decided to hold James in the Tower of London, a bargaining chip in a larger game.
00:13:33Though he was moved between various castles over the years, the Tower was one of his earliest prisons.
00:13:38During his captivity, he was educated in English courts, and even grew to admire aspects of English governance.
00:13:45When he finally returned to Scotland in 1424, after a massive ransom, James ruled with an iron hand, shaped by the discipline and danger of his years in English custody.
00:13:58His imprisonment helped forge one of the most autocratic kings Scotland ever knew.
00:14:03Number 92, the family of Owain Glindwer.
00:14:07Though Glindwer himself evaded capture until he vanished into legend, his family paid the ultimate price.
00:14:14In 1409, after Harlick Castle fell, Glindwer's wife, daughters and granddaughters were captured by English forces and brought to the Tower of London.
00:14:26But this was no safe confinement.
00:14:28Held in grim conditions, they were essentially left to rot, and most likely perished within its cold, damp walls.
00:14:35Their fate was a brutal message, defy the English crown, and your entire bloodline could suffer.
00:14:41Number 91, Charles, Duke of Orléans.
00:14:45Captured at the Battle of Agincourt, the French noble Charles, Duke of Orléans, spent 25 years imprisoned in England, much of it in the Tower.
00:14:54But this was no grim sell for a war prisoner.
00:14:57Charles, a poet and scholar, lived in relative comfort, writing over 500 poems that shaped French literature.
00:15:04Despite his captivity, his mind wandered free.
00:15:08His long imprisonment helped foster a cultural exchange that would echo for centuries, making him the Tower's most poetic prisoner.
00:15:16Number 90, Henry VI of England.
00:15:19The gentle and pious Henry VI, the king who never truly wanted to rule, was deposed during the Wars of the Roses.
00:15:27Locked in the Tower by the Yorkists in 1465, his reign ended not with a grand battle, but in cold silence.
00:15:36After a brief return to the throne, he was captured once again.
00:15:40In 1471, shortly after his son was killed, Henry was murdered in the Wakefield Tower.
00:15:45Many believe it was on the orders of Edward IV, a martyr to some, a weak king to others.
00:15:50His blood still stains the Tower's stones.
00:15:53Number 89, Margaret of Anjou, Queen, Warrior and Mother.
00:15:58Margaret of Anjou fought like no other queen in English history.
00:16:02She led armies to protect her husband, Henry VI, and their son.
00:16:05But after the Lancastrians fell, Margaret was captured at the Battle of Tewkesbury.
00:16:10Imprisoned in the Tower between 1415 and 1440, her spirit finally broke.
00:16:16She spent years in confinement until she was ransomed back to France.
00:16:20Her story is one of tragic resistance, a queen undone by war.
00:16:26Number 88, George Plantagenet.
00:16:29Brother to kings Edward IV and Richard III, George Plantagenet played the deadly game of thrones and lost.
00:16:36The first Duke of Clarence was accused of plotting treason.
00:16:40George was locked in the Tower by his own brother, Edward.
00:16:43His fate, infamously bizarre.
00:16:45Legend claims he was executed by being drowned in a butt of malmsy wine,
00:16:50a fitting end for a man known for excess and betrayal.
00:16:54Fact or fiction, his death remains one of the Tower's most infamous tales.
00:16:59Number 87, Edward V of England.
00:17:02At just 12 years old, Edward V was king in name only.
00:17:07After his father, Edward IV's sudden death, young Edward was placed in the Tower by his uncle, Richard, Duke of Gloucester.
00:17:15He was never seen again, and the prince in the Tower became one of England's greatest mysteries.
00:17:22Were they murdered?
00:17:23If so, by whom?
00:17:25Richard III, the Tudors.
00:17:27The truth remains buried, along with the innocence of two royal boys lost to history.
00:17:34Number 86, Michael Angoff.
00:17:37In 1497, Angoff led the Cornish Rebellion against King Henry VII,
00:17:43protesting heavy taxes imposed to fund a war in Scotland.
00:17:47As a common blacksmith turned rebel leader, he inspired thousands to march from Cornwall to London.
00:17:53But at Blackheath, the rebellion was crushed.
00:17:56Captured and brought to the Tower of London, Michael Angoff faced a grim end.
00:18:01He was executed at Tyburn with a brutal traitor's death, hanged, drawn and quartered.
00:18:08Before his death, he claimed his cause was just,
00:18:11and that he would have a name perpetual and a fame permanent and immortal.
00:18:16The Tower was his last stop on a journey from rebellion to martyrdom.
00:18:20Number 85, Sir William Stanley.
00:18:24Sir William Stanley is remembered as both a kingmaker and a traitor.
00:18:28Though he helped Henry Tudor become King Henry VII by switching sides at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485,
00:18:35Stanley's loyalty didn't last forever.
00:18:38In 1495, he supported Perkin Warbeck, a pretender claiming to be Richard of Shrewsbury,
00:18:45one of the missing princes in the Tower.
00:18:47Whether Stanley truly believed Warbeck or saw an opportunity for more power, we'll never know.
00:18:53But when his support was uncovered, he was arrested and imprisoned in the Tower.
00:18:57Despite years of loyal service, Henry VII did not forgive treason.
00:19:02Stanley was executed on Tower Hill, his ambition finally catching up with him.
00:19:06Number 84, William de la Pole.
00:19:09William de la Pole was a Yorkist noble with royal blood and a potential threat to the Tudor dynasty.
00:19:16He was the brother of Edmund de la Pole, a claimant to the throne who fled England.
00:19:21William stayed behind, but Henry VII wasn't taking chances.
00:19:25In 1501, William was arrested and sent to the Tower of London, but unlike many before him, he wasn't executed.
00:19:34Instead, he vanished into the Tower's cold stone walls.
00:19:39For an astonishing 37 years, William was held prisoner without trial.
00:19:44He entered the Tower under Henry VII and died there under Elizabeth I.
00:19:48His record as the Tower's longest prisoner stands to this day.
00:19:52A chilling example of how threats to power were quietly neutralised.
00:19:57Number 83, Perkin Warbeck.
00:20:00Perkin Warbeck was one of the most daring pretenders in English history.
00:20:04Claiming to be Richard of Shrewsbury, the younger of the two princes in the Tower,
00:20:09Warbeck sparked years of unrest during Henry VII's reign.
00:20:13With support from foreign courts and English rebels, Warbeck launched several invasions to claim the throne.
00:20:21In 1497, he was finally captured after a failed uprising.
00:20:26Brought to the Tower, he was paraded as a fraud and forced to confess.
00:20:31But Warbeck tried to escape, a decision that sealed his fate.
00:20:35In 1499, he was hanged at Tyburn alongside another Yorkist threat, Edward Plantagenet.
00:20:43Whether he truly was the lost prince or not, his story exposed the fragility of the Tudor hold on power.
00:20:49Number 82, Edward Plantagenet.
00:20:52Edward Plantagenet, the 17th Earl of Warwick, the last legitimate male Plantagenet.
00:20:58He was just a child when Henry VII seized the throne.
00:21:02Edward had the bloodline to challenge Tudor rule.
00:21:05And for that, he became a prisoner in the Tower for most of his life.
00:21:09Despite being barely involved in politics, Edward was seen as a threat.
00:21:13When he was implicated in Perkin Warbeck's escape attempt, possibly under duress or trickery, Henry VII ordered his execution.
00:21:22At just 24 years old, Edward was beheaded on Tower Green in 1499.
00:21:27His death caused a scandal across Europe, especially in Spain.
00:21:31It cleared the path for Henry VII to marry his son to Catherine of Aragon.
00:21:35But it also marked one of the darkest chapters in Tower history.
00:21:40The execution of an innocent man for the sake of dynastic survival.
00:21:45Number 81, Gerald Fitzgerald.
00:21:48Gerald Fitzgerald was a powerful Irish nobleman known as the Great Earl.
00:21:52Who, as Lord Deputy of Ireland, was a major figure in Anglo-Irish politics during the reign of Henry VII and Henry VIII, but his power made him a target.
00:22:03In 1534, he was summoned to London under suspicion of treason.
00:22:07Though there was little solid evidence against him, Gerald was thrown into the Tower.
00:22:11While awaiting trial, he died in 1534.
00:22:14Some say of natural causes, others suspect foul play.
00:22:17His imprisonment would trigger a rebellion that would shake English rule in Ireland.
00:22:22Number 80, Thomas Fitzgerald.
00:22:25Gerald's son was Thomas Fitzgerald, better known as Silken Thomas, led a fiery revolt against King Henry VIII's government in Ireland after hearing rumours his father had been executed in London.
00:22:37Declaring himself a rebel, he attacked Dublin Castle, but the rebellion failed.
00:22:42Thomas surrendered in hopes of mercy.
00:22:44Instead, he was brought to London and imprisoned in the Tower.
00:22:47In 1537, at just 24 years old, he and five of his uncles were executed at Tyburn for treason.
00:22:54His downfall marked the brutal suppression of the Fitzgerald dynasty.
00:22:58Number 79, John Frith.
00:23:01A brilliant scholar and early Protestant reformer, the student of William Tyndale, Frith was known for his fearless writings against purgatory and the Catholic Church's authority.
00:23:12In 1533, he was arrested and locked in the Tower for heresy.
00:23:17Even in the dank cells of the Tower, Frith continued to write, challenging the Church with deadly conviction.
00:23:23He refused to recant and his fate was sealed.
00:23:27Frith was burned at the stake in Smithfield, becoming one of the first Protestant martyrs of Henry VIII's reign.
00:23:33His death marked the bloody beginning of England's Reformation.
00:23:36Number 78, St. John Fisher.
00:23:39An English bishop and cardinal known for his unshakable faith, St. John Fisher was one of the few who resisted Henry VIII's divorce with Catherine of Aragon and his breaking from Rome.
00:23:51He refused to acknowledge Henry as supreme head of the Church of England.
00:23:55For this defiance, he was arrested and taken to the Tower in 1534.
00:24:00Even after the Pope named him a cardinal in prison, Henry mocked the gesture and stated that he shall wear no hat but one made of blood.
00:24:09In 1535, Fisher was beheaded on Tower Hill.
00:24:13He was later canonised as a saint and martyr.
00:24:16Number 77, St. Thomas.
00:24:18More.
00:24:19Once Lord Chancellor of England and one of the most brilliant minds of his time, More stood firmly against Henry VIII's separation from the Catholic Church.
00:24:28He refused to take the oath of supremacy, which declared the king head of the Church of England.
00:24:34More was arrested in 1534 and imprisoned in the Tower.
00:24:38Despite months of pressure, he never wavered and in 1535, he was tried for treason and executed.
00:24:45As he placed his head on the block, he famously said,
00:24:49I die the king's good servant but God's first.
00:24:52Like Fisher, he was later canonised and his moral stance remains legendary to this day.
00:24:58Number 76, Thomas Abel.
00:25:01Abel was personal chaplain and loyal supporter of Queen Catherine of Aragon.
00:25:06When King Henry VIII sought to divorce Catherine to marry Anne Boleyn, Abel opposed him.
00:25:12He secretly distributed a book defending the Queen's marriage, enraging the king.
00:25:17For his defiance, Abel was arrested and thrown into the Tower of London.
00:25:21He remained imprisoned for years before being tried for treason.
00:25:25In 1540, Abel was executed in the most brutal fashion, hanged, drawn and quartered.
00:25:31He would later be recognised as a Catholic martyr.
00:25:34Number 75, Anne Boleyn.
00:25:37Anne Boleyn, Queen of England and the most infamous woman ever imprisoned in the Tower,
00:25:43initially captured King Henry VIII's heart and helping spark England's break with the Catholic Church.
00:25:49Anne's fall was swift and brutal.
00:25:52In 1536, she was arrested on charges of adultery, incest and treason.
00:25:57Many believe falsely accused.
00:25:59She was taken to the Tower, the very place where she had celebrated her coronation just three years earlier.
00:26:05After a short and tragic trial, Anne was executed by a French swordsman on Tower Green.
00:26:12Her final words were,
00:26:14To Jesus Christ I commend my soul, Lord Jesus receive my soul.
00:26:19Her death forever changed the Tudor dynasty.
00:26:22Number 74, Hugh Latimer.
00:26:25A fiery preacher and leading Protestant reformer during the reign of Edward VI,
00:26:30Hugh Latimer's outspokenness made him a target when the Catholic Queen Mary I took the throne.
00:26:36He was arrested and sent to the Tower of London in 1553.
00:26:40Though in his 70s, Latimer refused to recant his beliefs.
00:26:44Eventually transferred to Oxford, he was burned at the stake alongside fellow reformer Nicholas Ridley in 1555.
00:26:51His final words still echo through history.
00:26:54Be of good comfort, Master Ridley.
00:26:56We shall this day light such a candle by God's grace in England,
00:27:00as I trust shall never be put out.
00:27:02Number 73, Adam Sedbar.
00:27:05Adam Sedbar, the abbot of Jervoel Abbey,
00:27:09was suspected of treasonous sympathy during the Pilgrimage of Grace,
00:27:12a northern uprising against the dissolution of the monasteries.
00:27:16Though he claimed innocence, the crown viewed him as a threat.
00:27:19He was arrested, taken to the Tower, and condemned without a proper trial.
00:27:24In 1537, he was dragged through the streets of London and hanged, drawn and quartered.
00:27:29His brutal execution was meant to send a message.
00:27:31No one, not even a holy man, would be spared if they opposed the king.
00:27:36Number 72, Richard Whiting.
00:27:40Richard Whiting, the last abbot of Glastonbury, was arrested and brought to the Tower of London
00:27:44under suspicion of hiding treasure and opposing royal supremacy.
00:27:50Whiting resisted handing over the abbey's wealth and lands,
00:27:53while Henry VIII dissolved England's monasteries.
00:27:57After a hasty trial, he was returned to Somerset and executed in 1539 on Glastonbury Tor.
00:28:04His body was quartered and displayed on abbey gates.
00:28:07Whiting's death marked not just the end of Glastonbury Abbey,
00:28:10but the tragic fall of monastic life in England.
00:28:13Number 71, Margaret Poole.
00:28:17Margaret Poole, the Countess of Salisbury.
00:28:20A noblewoman of royal blood and one of the last Plantagenets,
00:28:24Margaret was a reminder of the old regime.
00:28:28Though in her 60s and far removed from politics,
00:28:31her son Reginald Poole openly opposed Henry's break from the Catholic Church.
00:28:37The king retaliated by targeting his mother.
00:28:39She was arrested and held in the Tower for over two years without trial.
00:28:44In 1541, she was taken to Tower Green.
00:28:47The executioner was inexperienced.
00:28:50Margaret reportedly ran from the block, was chased and killed with multiple blows.
00:28:54Her horrific end shocked even her enemies,
00:28:57and she would later be beatified as a Catholic martyr.
00:29:01Number 70, Thomas Cromwell.
00:29:03Thomas Cromwell was once the most powerful man in England.
00:29:06As Henry VIII's chief minister, Cromwell masterminded the king's break with Rome,
00:29:12the dissolution of the monasteries, and the downfall of Anne Boleyn.
00:29:16But in 1540, he pushed too far,
00:29:19arranging the king's disastrous marriage to Anne of Cleves.
00:29:23Enemies at court pounced.
00:29:25Cromwell was arrested at a council meeting,
00:29:27stripped of his titles and thrown into the Tower.
00:29:30Once feared by all, he now begged for mercy.
00:29:33It never came.
00:29:34He was beheaded without trial, his head displayed on a spike on London Bridge.
00:29:39Number 69, Catherine Howard.
00:29:41Henry VIII's fifth wife and just a teenager when she married the ageing king,
00:29:46Howard's past caught up with her and allegations of premarital affairs,
00:29:50and a possible affair during her queenship, led to her arrest.
00:29:54Catherine was dragged screaming from Hampton Court and imprisoned in the Tower.
00:29:59She was executed in 1542 at just 19 years old.
00:30:03Legend says she asked to practice placing her head on the block the night before.
00:30:08Her haunting cry,
00:30:09I die a queen, but I would rather have died the wife of Culpeper,
00:30:13still echoes in the minds of historians.
00:30:16Number 68, Lady Rochford.
00:30:18The sister-in-law of Anne Boleyn and wife to her brother George.
00:30:23Jane famously gave testimony that helped send Anne and George to the scaffold.
00:30:28But years later, she found herself back in the Tower, this time as a prisoner,
00:30:33and was accused of aiding Queen Catherine Howard's secret meetings with Thomas Culpeper.
00:30:39Mentally unstable by the time of her arrest, she was deemed unfit for execution.
00:30:45But Henry changed the law just for her.
00:30:47In 1542, Lady Rochford was beheaded alongside the Queen she served and betrayed.
00:30:53A grim end to a life twisted by court politics.
00:30:57Number 67, Anne Askew.
00:31:00A noblewoman turned Protestant preacher during a time when preaching the wrong faith meant death.
00:31:06Anne openly distributed Protestant literature and rejected traditional Catholic teachings.
00:31:12She was arrested and tortured in the Tower, an almost unheard of punishment for a woman of her class.
00:31:18Even after being stretched on the rack, she refused to name her supporters.
00:31:23In 1546, unable to walk, she was carried to the stake and burned alive at Smithfield.
00:31:28Anne Askew remains one of the most courageous martyrs of the English Reformation.
00:31:33Number 66, Thomas Howard.
00:31:35A shrewd politician, Howard survived the reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII,
00:31:41even marrying his niece Anne Boleyn to the King and becoming the powerful Third Duke of Norfolk.
00:31:48But in 1546, as rivals closed in, Henry turned on the Howard family.
00:31:53The Duke was arrested and sent to the Tower, accused of treason alongside his son, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey.
00:32:01Surrey was executed and Norfolk's execution was scheduled, but fate intervened.
00:32:06Henry VIII died the night before.
00:32:08Norfolk was spared, eventually released under Queen Mary, but his fall from grace was a narrow escape from the block.
00:32:15Number 65, Brian O'Connor Faley.
00:32:19A fierce opponent of English rule, Brian rebelled against King Henry VIII's efforts to assert control over Ireland.
00:32:27In 1548, he was captured and brought to the Tower of London, a political prisoner and symbol of resistance.
00:32:35Though less famous than others, his imprisonment reflected the broader clash between Tudor power and Irish independence.
00:32:43He was held for several years before his eventual release, but the defiant spirit of the Irish Lords would never be forgotten.
00:32:50Number 64, Edward Seymour.
00:32:53As uncle to the young King Edward VI, Seymour ruled the country during the King's minority, but his power as the first Duke of Somerset and Lord Protector of England drew enemies.
00:33:06In 1549, he was arrested for political overreach and imprisoned in the Tower, though briefly released.
00:33:14His second arrest sealed his fate.
00:33:17Accused of plotting to overthrow the government, he was convicted and beheaded in 1552.
00:33:23Seymour's fall was the first major sign that no one, not even the King's uncle, was safe in the Tudor court.
00:33:32Number 63, Thomas Cranmer.
00:33:35As Henry VIII's religious advisor, Cranmer helped annul Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon and shaped the new Church of England as the Archbishop of Canterbury.
00:33:45But when the Catholic Queen Mary I took the throne, Cranmer's reformist ideals became treason, he was arrested and imprisoned in the Tower, under pressure he signed recantations, but at his final execution in 1556, he publicly withdrew them, placing the hand that had signed them into the flames first.
00:34:06His death by burning marked one of the most dramatic martyrdoms in English history.
00:34:11Number 62, Lady Jane Grey.
00:34:15A brilliant scholar and devout Protestant, Jane was thrust onto the throne in 1553 by ambitious nobles, hoping to prevent the Catholic Mary Tudor from becoming the Nine Days Queen, but the plan failed.
00:34:30Mary raised support, Jane was deposed and both she and her young husband, Guildford Dudley, were imprisoned in the Tower.
00:34:39Despite Mary's initial mercy, another Protestant rebellion sealed Jane's fate.
00:34:44At just 16 years old, she was executed on Tower Green in 1554.
00:34:49Her final words, Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit.
00:34:54Echo to this day.
00:34:56Jane's short, tragic life remains one of the most heartbreaking stories in English royal history.
00:35:02Number 61, Guildford Dudley.
00:35:04The son of John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, Guildford was part of a grand political scheme to control the throne.
00:35:12When Jane was declared queen in 1553, Guildford became her consort.
00:35:18But just nine days later, Mary Tudor seized the crown.
00:35:22Both Jane and Guildford were arrested and imprisoned in the Tower.
00:35:25While Jane spent her days in relative isolation, Guildford reportedly begged to see her, but was denied until the end.
00:35:32On February 12th, 1554, he was executed on Tower Hill.
00:35:38His body carried past Jane's window before she was led to the scaffold shortly after.
00:35:43His fate was sealed not by crime, but by his last name.
00:35:47Number 60, Stephen Gardiner.
00:35:49A powerful figure as the Bishop of Winchester during Henry VIII's reign, Gardiner opposed Protestant reforms and supported Queen Mary I's return to Catholicism.
00:36:01But under Edward VI, his views fell out of favour.
00:36:06In 1548, he was arrested and thrown into the Tower for refusing to endorse the Protestant Book of Common Prayer.
00:36:13Despite months of isolation, he never recanted.
00:36:16Once Mary I ascended to the throne, Gardiner was released, restored to power, and even crowned her queen.
00:36:24His Tower stay highlights how quickly the Wheel of Fortune could spin in Tudor England.
00:36:30Number 59, Queen Elizabeth I.
00:36:33In 1554, during Queen Mary I's reign, Elizabeth was arrested and brought to the Tower under suspicion of supporting Wyatt's rebellion,
00:36:43a plot to depose Mary and place Elizabeth on the throne.
00:36:48Though evidence was thin, Mary and her advisers saw Elizabeth as a threat.
00:36:53The young princess famously entered the Tower through Traitor's Gate, fully aware of the fate that had met her mother, Anne Boleyn, just two decades earlier.
00:37:04For two months she lived in fear of execution, but Elizabeth survived, freed due to lack of evidence.
00:37:11When she later became queen, she never forgot the cold stone walls of the Tower.
00:37:16It remained a place she dreaded, and never returned to except once in 1559, for the preparation of her coronation procession to Westminster Abbey.
00:37:27Number 58, Catherine Grey.
00:37:30After Jane's execution, Catherine stayed in royal favour, until she made a fatal mistake.
00:37:36Without Queen Elizabeth the Furler's permission, she secretly married Edward Seymour, the Earl of Hertford.
00:37:42Worse still, she gave birth to two sons, both potential heirs to the throne.
00:37:48Elizabeth, threatened by any rival claim, was furious.
00:37:52Catherine was imprisoned in the Tower, separated from her husband and children.
00:37:57She spent years there, pleading for release, growing frail and forgotten.
00:38:02She died at just 27, her health broken by royal paranoia and a love deemed too dangerous.
00:38:09Number 57, Margaret Douglas.
00:38:11The niece of King Henry VIII and cousin to his children, Margaret's royal lineage made her both valuable and vulnerable.
00:38:19She was first imprisoned in the Tower in 1536 for secretly engaging herself to Lord Thomas Howard, without royal permission.
00:38:28Her second stint came under Elizabeth I, after her son Lord Darnley married Mary, Queen of Scots.
00:38:35This union gave their child, James VI of Scotland, a strong claim to the English throne.
00:38:42Margaret's Tower years were brief, but her bloodline would ultimately triumph.
00:38:47Her grandson, James, would inherit the English crown.
00:38:52Number 56, Henry Ryothsley.
00:38:55Ryothsley was a nobleman, courtier and most famously the patron of William Shakespeare.
00:39:00But in 1601, he gambled everything by supporting Robert Devereux, the Earl of Essex, in a rebellion against Queen Elizabeth I.
00:39:10When the uprising failed, Ryothsley was arrested and thrown into the Tower and sentenced to death.
00:39:16Only the Queen's death in 1603 saved him.
00:39:19James I pardoned him and he walked free.
00:39:23His time in the Tower nearly cost him his head, and England nearly lost a key figure of the Elizabethan Golden Age.
00:39:31Number 55, Henry Percy.
00:39:34Henry Percy, the 8th Earl of Northumberland, was a man caught between science and suspicion.
00:39:40In 1605, Percy was arrested in the wake of the gunpowder plot.
00:39:45Not because he planted explosives, but because of his distant ties to Guy Fawkes and the other conspirators.
00:39:51Although there was no solid evidence, Percy was locked in the Tower for nearly 15 years,
00:39:57fined £30,000, a small fortune at the time, and dubbed the Wizard Earl for his interest in astronomy and alchemy.
00:40:07He lived in relative luxury inside the Tower, even maintaining a small library, but he was never truly free.
00:40:14Number 54, Francis Throckmorton.
00:40:17A man's whose pen almost sparked a war, Francis Throckmorton was a Catholic conspirator involved in a plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots.
00:40:30His mission was to open England's doors to a Spanish invasion, but in 1583 the plan unravelled.
00:40:38He was tortured in the Tower, confessed everything, and was executed the next year.
00:40:43His plot, now known as the Throckmorton Plot, pushed Elizabeth's spymaster Sir Francis Walsingham to double down on his ruthless surveillance network.
00:40:53Number 53, Henry Walpole.
00:40:56A Jesuit priest who risked and ultimately gave his life for his faith, Walpole was deeply moved by the martyrdom of Edmund Campion, even writing poetry about his death.
00:41:08This passion led him to the priesthood and eventually back to England, despite the deadly risks for Catholic clergy.
00:41:16In 1593 he was captured almost immediately upon arrival, interrogated in the Tower and tortured on the rack more than a dozen times.
00:41:26He never gave in.
00:41:27He was executed at York in 1595.
00:41:31Today he is remembered as one of the 40 martyrs of England and Wales.
00:41:35Number 52, Saint Philip Howard.
00:41:38A devout Catholic in a Protestant court, Howard secretly attended mass and even tried to flee the country to avoid persecution.
00:41:47But spies tracked him down and in 1585 he was arrested and imprisoned in the Tower.
00:41:54The 13th Earl of Arundel spent 10 years in a cell, never seeing his wife or child again.
00:42:00Despite the promise of freedom if he renounced Catholicism, Howard refused.
00:42:05He died of dysentery in 1595.
00:42:08Three centuries later he was canonised by the Catholic Church as a saint.
00:42:12Number 51, Robert Polly.
00:42:15The spy who vanished behind a thousand masks.
00:42:18Polly was Queen Elizabeth the Wood's secret agent, embroiled in court intrigues, foreign espionage and deadly betrayals.
00:42:27Most infamously he was present at the murder of Christopher Marlowe, the legendary playwright.
00:42:33After that mysterious death, Polly vanished.
00:42:36Only to resurface in the Tower of London, imprisoned on the charge of treason, yet was able to gather large amounts of information on his fellow prisoners.
00:42:47His loyalties were murky, his reports full of lies and his enemies numerous with him released a year and a half later.
00:42:55Number 50, Anne Vavasor.
00:42:58Serving Queen Elizabeth I, Anne was admired for her beauty, but her heart belonged to Edward de Vere, Earl of Oxford.
00:43:06Their secret love affair led to the birth of an illegitimate son in 1581.
00:43:10The result?
00:43:11Both Anne and Edward were thrown into the Tower.
00:43:15But the scandal didn't stop there.
00:43:17Anne's brother later fought a brutal duel with Oxford, and Anne herself went on to have two more controversial marriages, both marked by affairs, duels and public disgrace.
00:43:30Number 49, Edward de Vere.
00:43:32One of the most controversial figures in literary history, nobleman poet Edward de Vere was a favourite of Queen Elizabeth, and was intelligent, hot-headed, and known for spending fortunes on plays and performances.
00:43:47But his romantic entanglement with Anne Vavasor cost him dearly, imprisoned in the Tower, and disgraced at court.
00:43:56Today, he's most famous for a bold theory.
00:43:59Some believe he was the true author behind Shakespeare's works.
00:44:03Whether that's myth or fact, one thing is certain, his life was one long, dramatic performance.
00:44:09Number 48, John Gerard.
00:44:11Captured during Elizabeth I's crackdown on Catholics, Gerard was imprisoned in the Tower in 1597.
00:44:19He was ruthlessly tortured, but refused to reveal any secrets.
00:44:23Then came the twist.
00:44:25Gerard used smuggled oranges to send coded messages, arranged a boat, and, believe it or not, escaped down a rope from the Tower wall, while his hands were still injured from torture.
00:44:39It remains one of the Tower's only successful escapes, and Gerard would go on to write one of the most detailed survival memoirs of the era.
00:44:49Number 47, Valentine Thomas.
00:44:52In 1598, Thomas, a shady figure with ties to espionage, was arrested and thrown into the Tower.
00:45:00His crime, he accused King James VI of Scotland, the future King James III of England, of attempting to assassinate Queen Elizabeth.
00:45:09It was a claim so explosive it triggered diplomatic chaos between England and Scotland.
00:45:14Under interrogation, Thomas confessed he lied, but some say he was tortured into changing his story.
00:45:20The truth still debated, but his accusation came dangerously close to rewriting the succession of the English crown, and plunging two nations into war.
00:45:31Number 46, William Wright.
00:45:33Born in York, William Wright was educated at St Peter's School.
00:45:38York was an English Roman Catholic scholar and Jesuit missionary priest, who was imprisoned after the gunpowder plot.
00:45:45A devout Catholic right was part of the inner circle that plotted to blow up the Houses of Parliament in 1605, and assassinate King James I.
00:45:56While Guy Fawkes lit the fuse, Wright helped plan the aftermath, hoping to spark a Catholic uprising.
00:46:03After the plot failed, he was imprisoned in the Tower, and later the White Lion prison that carried the name Marshallsea, and was a notorious prison in Southwark, just south of the River Thames.
00:46:16Wright later fled, but was captured and killed.
00:46:18His body was brought back to London, and his head displayed on a spike a warning to others.
00:46:24Number 45, Henry Ryothersley.
00:46:27Best known today as Shakespeare's patron, his life was far more dangerous than poetry.
00:46:34Ryothersley was a trusted nobleman at court, until he threw his support behind the Earl of Essex's failed rebellion against Queen Elizabeth I in the year 1601.
00:46:46The uprising collapsed within hours, and Ryothersley was arrested and thrown into the Tower, sentenced to death.
00:46:55He spent over two years in prison, awaiting execution.
00:46:59Only Queen Elizabeth's death in 1603 saved him, as King James I pardoned him immediately.
00:47:07Number 44, Sir Walter Raleigh.
00:47:10A favourite of Queen Elizabeth I, Raleigh led expeditions to the New World, helped colonise Virginia, and searched for the legendary city of gold, El Dorado.
00:47:22But when King James I took the throne, Raleigh fell out of favour, and was accused of plotting against the Crown.
00:47:29He was locked in the Tower for 13 years, where he wrote his history of the world.
00:47:34Freed in the year 1616 to launch one last expedition, he failed, and returned to England in disgrace.
00:47:43This time he didn't escape fate, and he was executed in the year 1618, but his story as an adventurer, explorer, and poet became legend.
00:47:54Number 43, Guy Fawkes.
00:47:57Fawkes was the explosives expert in the gunpowder plot.
00:48:01On the night of November 5th, 1605, he was caught in the cellars beneath Parliament, guarding 36 barrels of gunpowder.
00:48:09He was dragged to the Tower of London, and tortured relentlessly until he confessed.
00:48:14His signature on the confession?
00:48:16Barely a squiggle, proof of the agony he endured.
00:48:20Fawkes was hanged, drawn, and quartered, but his name survived, becoming a symbol of rebellion across the world.
00:48:27The man whose name we still remember every bonfire night, endured literally the worst the Tower had to offer.
00:48:34Number 42, Everard Digby.
00:48:37Young, wealthy, and well-connected, Digby shocked the realm by joining the gunpowder plot.
00:48:43Unlike others, he had everything to lose, but he believed it was God's will.
00:48:48He funded the plot, recruited men, and organised a planned uprising in the Midlands.
00:48:54After the plot collapsed, Digby was captured and imprisoned in the Tower.
00:48:58His trial shocked the court.
00:49:00Digby was polite, eloquent, even apologetic, but unrepentant.
00:49:05He was executed in the most brutal fashion.
00:49:08And while history often remembers Guy Fawkes, Digby was the heart of the conspiracy's wider plan.
00:49:15A radical who risked it all.
00:49:17Number 41, Henry Percy.
00:49:20Accused of involvement in the gunpowder plot, not because he lit fuses, but because of his distant connections to Guy Fawkes and the conspirators,
00:49:30Percy was arrested and thrown into the Tower in the year 1605.
00:49:35But unlike most prisoners, Percy used his time to study science, astrology, and alchemy.
00:49:42His quarters became a salon for scholars, and his passion for learning earned him his mystical nickname.
00:49:50He spent nearly 17 years in the Tower, living in relative comfort, but under constant suspicion.
00:49:56The Wizard Earl never truly escaped the shadow of the plot, but turned his cell into a sanctuary of intellect and magic.
00:50:04Number 40, Cormac Macbaron O'Neill.
00:50:08Brother to the legendary Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, Cormac was a powerful chieftain during the Nine Years' War.
00:50:16A major uprising against English rule in Ireland.
00:50:19Though less openly rebellious than his brother, Cormac was arrested after the flight of the Earls in the year 1607.
00:50:27Suspected of plotting future uprisings, he was imprisoned in the Tower of London and never released.
00:50:33He died there decades later, largely forgotten by history.
00:50:37Number 39, Niall Garve O'Donnell.
00:50:40Niall Garve was a rival of Red Hugh O'Donnell, and initially sided with the English during the Nine Years' War,
00:50:48turning against his own people.
00:50:50In return, the English promised him land and power, but when the war ended, they didn't keep their word.
00:50:57Then a twist, Niall was accused of plotting rebellion, against the very crown he supported.
00:51:03He was arrested in the year 1608 and imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he spent nearly 40 years before dying in captivity.
00:51:12A man who bet everything on betrayal, only to be betrayed in the end.
00:51:17Number 38, Matthew Wren.
00:51:20The uncle of the famous architect Sir Christopher Wren, Matthew was a staunch supporter of King Charles I and an opponent of Puritan reform.
00:51:30When the English Civil War broke out, Wren was seen as a religious threat, and in the year 1641 he was imprisoned in the Tower without trial.
00:51:39He spent 18 years behind those cold stone walls, longer than many survived, but he never broke.
00:51:47When the monarchy was restored, he walked free and resumed his duties, his loyalty intact.
00:51:53Number 37, Nicholas Woodcock.
00:51:55Woodcock was an English sailor who joined the Muscovy Company, exploring the Arctic and whaling in the icy waters near Spitsbergen.
00:52:03But when he began collaborating with foreign rivals, including the Dutch, he made enemies at home and spent 16 months in the gatehouse and tower,
00:52:14for piloting the first Spanish whale ship to Spitsbergen in the year 1612.
00:52:20Accused of betraying English commercial interests, his crime wasn't treason in the classic sense,
00:52:25it was a threat to English economic power, and that was enough.
00:52:29A pioneer and a rebel, Woodcock's story is a forgotten chapter in the fierce struggle for dominance on the high seas.
00:52:37Number 36, Sir Thomas Overbury.
00:52:40A diplomat, political agent and pamphleteer, Sir Francis Nethersoul was a man who wrote himself into danger.
00:52:48As secretary to Elizabeth of Bohemia and a key parliamentarian during the English Civil War,
00:52:54Nethersoul's sharp tongue and powerful words got him arrested in the year 1642.
00:53:01His writings against King Charles I and his court led to a stay in the tower.
00:53:07But he wasn't just a prisoner, he was a symbol of freedom of expression during one of England's most volatile eras.
00:53:15Though he was eventually released, Nethersoul remained a man too outspoken for his own safety.
00:53:20Number 35, Con O'Neill.
00:53:23Born into Irish nobility, Con O'Neill's capture was part of England's mission to suppress rebellion in Ulster.
00:53:31The young heir to the powerful O'Neill clan was seized and sent to the tower after the Nine Years' War,
00:53:38a pawn in the English campaign to break Gaelic power.
00:53:42Con spent much of his youth imprisoned until one night in the year 1608,
00:53:47when he escaped with the help of the daring Hugh O'Neill and Sir Cormac Mac Barron.
00:53:52It was one of the most legendary breakouts in the tower's long history,
00:53:56and it sent shockwaves through Ireland and England alike.
00:54:00Number 34, Thomas Howard.
00:54:03He was England's premier nobleman, but Thomas Howard's ambitions sealed his fate.
00:54:07Caught in the tangled web of the Rodolfi plot,
00:54:10Howard planned to marry Mary, Queen of Scots, and overthrow Elizabeth I.
00:54:16He was imprisoned multiple times in the tower, but the final time was fatal.
00:54:22Executed in the year 1572 for high treason,
00:54:25his legacy is one of daring ambition, dangerous alliances, and royal betrayal.
00:54:32Number 33, Sir Francis Nethersault.
00:54:35Diplomat, political agent, and pamphleteer,
00:54:39Sir Francis Nethersault was a man who wrote himself into danger.
00:54:43As secretary to Elizabeth of Bohemia and a key parliamentarian during the English Civil War,
00:54:50Nethersault's sharp tongue and powerful words got him arrested in the year 1642.
00:54:56His writings against King Charles I and his court led to a stay in the tower.
00:55:02But he wasn't just a prisoner,
00:55:04he was a symbol of freedom of expression during one of England's most volatile eras.
00:55:10Though he was eventually released, Nethersault remained a man too outspoken for his own safety.
00:55:16Number 32, William Lord.
00:55:19William Lord, Archbishop of Canterbury, was a religious reformer,
00:55:23and a lightning rod for controversy.
00:55:26He tried to unify Anglican worship,
00:55:29but his actions enraged both the Puritans and parliament.
00:55:32In the year 1640, he was arrested and locked in the tower for four years.
00:55:37Eventually executed in the year 1645,
00:55:40his downfall was a turning point in the English Civil War.
00:55:45Lord's ghostly figure is still said to walk the tower grounds,
00:55:48forever preaching sermons no one dares listen to.
00:55:52Number 31, John Barwick.
00:55:55A man of the cloth and the crown.
00:55:58John Barwick wasn't just any clergyman.
00:56:00He was a secret royalist during the English Civil War.
00:56:05While Oliver Cromwell's forces gripped the nation,
00:56:08Barwick risked everything,
00:56:10serving as a courier for King Charles I's loyalists.
00:56:15Using invisible ink and hidden codes,
00:56:18he helped rally royalist support,
00:56:21until he was caught and thrown into the tower in the year 1650.
00:56:25But the walls couldn't silence him.
00:56:27Even in captivity, Barwick smuggled out messages of loyalty and faith.
00:56:32After the restoration, his devotion was rewarded.
00:56:35He became Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral,
00:56:38a prisoner turned royal advisor.
00:56:41Number 30, Sir Anthony Jackson.
00:56:44Imagine being knighted while on the run.
00:56:47Sir Anthony Jackson was a fierce royalist
00:56:49who followed King Charles II into exile,
00:56:52after the execution of Charles I.
00:56:55At the disastrous Battle of Worcester in the year 1651,
00:56:58Jackson was captured trying to defend the fleeing king.
00:57:02The price?
00:57:03Thirteen years in the Tower of London.
00:57:05No trial.
00:57:06No release.
00:57:07Just endless stone walls.
00:57:10But Jackson never broke.
00:57:12When the monarchy returned,
00:57:13so did his honour.
00:57:15Charles II knighted him,
00:57:17at last recognising his loyalty and long, silent suffering.
00:57:22Number 29, John Lambert.
00:57:24John Lambert helped build the very government
00:57:26that would become his jailer.
00:57:29A brilliant general and political thinker,
00:57:31Lambert was a key figure in Cromwell's rise.
00:57:34But after Cromwell's death,
00:57:36Lambert tried to block the monarchy's return.
00:57:39Marching his troops in defiance of Parliament,
00:57:42he was arrested and sent to the Tower in the year 1660.
00:57:45But here's the twist.
00:57:47Lambert escaped.
00:57:49He fled disguised as a woman,
00:57:51only to be recaptured and imprisoned again,
00:57:54this time for life.
00:57:56A military mastermind undone by loyalty to a lost cause.
00:58:01Number 28, Major William Rainsborough.
00:58:05Major William Rainsborough wasn't just a soldier.
00:58:08He was a leveller.
00:58:09A revolutionary who believed in democracy,
00:58:12religious freedom and the rights of common people.
00:58:16His protests against Parliament's tyranny
00:58:18landed him in the Tower,
00:58:20but Rainsborough refused to be silenced.
00:58:23Even locked away,
00:58:24he championed the cause of the people,
00:58:27risking execution with every word.
00:58:29Eventually released,
00:58:30he would die fighting for his ideals
00:58:32during an uprising.
00:58:33And today,
00:58:34he's remembered as a voice centuries ahead of its time.
00:58:38Number 27, John Downes.
00:58:40He signed a King's Death Warrant
00:58:42and lived to regret it.
00:58:44John Downes was one of the 59 men
00:58:46who sentenced Charles I to death.
00:58:49But when the monarchy was restored in the year 1660,
00:58:53the tide turned.
00:58:54The regicides were hunted
00:58:56and Downes was among them.
00:58:58Unlike others,
00:58:59he begged for mercy,
00:59:01claimed he acted under pressure
00:59:02and it worked,
00:59:04albeit partially.
00:59:05He was spared execution,
00:59:07but imprisoned in the Tower for life.
00:59:10A haunting fate for a man
00:59:11who once helped change history
00:59:13with a single signature.
00:59:16Number 26, Henry Oldenburg.
00:59:19In the year 1667,
00:59:21Henry Oldenburg wasn't just the secretary
00:59:23of the Royal Society,
00:59:25he was the first scientific journal editor in history.
00:59:28But his obsession with global scientific correspondence
00:59:32got him thrown in the Tower
00:59:33as a suspected spy.
00:59:36You see,
00:59:36Oldenburg regularly wrote letters
00:59:38to scientists across Europe,
00:59:40including in enemy nations
00:59:42like France and the Netherlands.
00:59:44During wartime,
00:59:45this looked a lot like espionage.
00:59:48He was arrested and locked in the Tower
00:59:50under suspicion of leaking state secrets,
00:59:53when in reality,
00:59:54he was just trying to share experiments.
00:59:56Number 25, William Penn.
00:59:59Before founding Pennsylvania
01:00:01and becoming a symbol of religious freedom in America,
01:00:05William Penn was locked in the Tower
01:00:06for defying the Church of England.
01:00:09His radical belief
01:00:10that everyone should be free
01:00:12to worship how they wanted.
01:00:14He wrote,
01:00:15no cross, no crown while imprisoned,
01:00:18a daring challenge to religious oppression
01:00:20that would later inspire America's First Amendment.
01:00:24A future founder of a US state,
01:00:26once branded a heretic
01:00:27and jailed in a cold stone tower.
01:00:31Number 24, Francis Lovelace.
01:00:34Francis Lovelace was once the governor of New York,
01:00:37back when it was still a British colony.
01:00:39But after the Dutch recaptured New York
01:00:41in the year 1673,
01:00:43King Charles II needed a scapegoat
01:00:45and Lovelace paid the price.
01:00:48Dragged back to England,
01:00:49stripped of his position and throne in the Tower,
01:00:52Lovelace was left to rot in disgrace.
01:00:54He died penniless just years later.
01:00:57Number 23, Samuel Pepys.
01:01:00Samuel Pepys is famous for his diary,
01:01:03a vivid eyewitness to the great fire of London
01:01:06and the plague
01:01:07and something that almost got him killed.
01:01:10But in the year 1679,
01:01:12he was arrested and sent to the Tower
01:01:14on suspicion of treason.
01:01:17His real crime,
01:01:18political enemies who feared
01:01:20his growing influence at the Navy board.
01:01:22They accused him of leaking secrets to the French
01:01:25without a shred of evidence.
01:01:27And while Pepys talked his way out,
01:01:29the experience haunted him for life.
01:01:32Number 22, James Scott.
01:01:35He was charismatic, handsome
01:01:36and the illegitimate son of King Charles II.
01:01:40James Scott believed he was destined for the throne,
01:01:43but his rebellion against King James II in the year 1685
01:01:47ended in catastrophe.
01:01:50Captured after the failed Monmouth Rebellion,
01:01:53James was imprisoned in the Tower
01:01:55and begged for mercy,
01:01:56but none came.
01:01:58He was beheaded on Tower Hill,
01:02:00but it took five brutal axe blows to finish the job,
01:02:04a scene that had some of the witnesses fainting
01:02:07and others in extreme distress.
01:02:09Number 21, Judge Jeffreys.
01:02:12Known as the Hanging Judge
01:02:14for his brutal sentences after the Monmouth Rebellion,
01:02:17George Jeffreys sent hundreds to death
01:02:20in the bloodier sizes.
01:02:21After the glorious revolution,
01:02:23the hated judge tried to flee England,
01:02:26disguised as a sailor.
01:02:27He was caught and dragged to the Tower
01:02:29by an angry mob.
01:02:31Suffering from kidney disease and paranoia,
01:02:34Jeffreys rotted in the Tower,
01:02:36dying in the year 1689.
01:02:39For many, it was poetic justice.
01:02:42The Punisher had become the Punished.
01:02:44Number 20, Sir Robert Walpole.
01:02:47Long before he became Britain's first de facto Prime Minister,
01:02:51Sir Robert Walpole found himself
01:02:53behind the Tower's forbidding walls.
01:02:56In the year 1712,
01:02:57accused of corruption during his time as Secretary at War,
01:03:01Walpole was impeached
01:03:03and locked up in the Tower for six months.
01:03:06Ironically, the scandal didn't ruin him.
01:03:09It launched him.
01:03:10After his release, he climbed even higher,
01:03:13dominating British politics for over two decades.
01:03:17Talk about a comeback.
01:03:18Number 19, William Maxwell.
01:03:21A Scottish noble who supported the doomed Jacobite rising
01:03:25of the year 1715,
01:03:27William Maxwell was captured and sentenced to death for treason.
01:03:31But this isn't just a story of defeat.
01:03:34This is a daring prison break,
01:03:36worthy of a Hollywood film.
01:03:39With the help of his brave wife, Lady Winifred,
01:03:42Maxwell pulled off one of the Tower's greatest escapes.
01:03:45She disguised him in women's clothing,
01:03:48complete with a hood and dress,
01:03:49and walked him out right under the guards' noses.
01:03:53He fled to France and lived the rest of his life in exile.
01:03:57The Tower never saw him again,
01:03:59and his escape remains legendary to this day.
01:04:03Number 18, George Kelly.
01:04:05George Kelly, an Irish clergyman
01:04:08and fierce Jacobite supporter,
01:04:10played a key role in the Atterbury plot of 1722,
01:04:15a failed attempt to restore the Stuart monarchy.
01:04:18When the plot was exposed,
01:04:20Kelly was arrested and taken to the Tower.
01:04:22He refused to cooperate with investigators,
01:04:25remaining defiantly loyal to the cause.
01:04:27Though imprisoned for years,
01:04:29Kelly was never executed.
01:04:31Eventually, he was released and spent his life in obscurity.
01:04:34His silence in the Tower made him a symbol of stubborn resistance.
01:04:38Number 17, Simon Fraser.
01:04:41Simon Fraser was a schemer, a survivor,
01:04:44and ultimately a doomed Jacobite.
01:04:47He played both sides during the Jacobite rebellions,
01:04:51betraying one prince while supporting another.
01:04:53After the defeat at Culloden,
01:04:55Fraser was captured and tried for treason.
01:04:58In the year 1747, at the age of 80,
01:05:01he was taken to Tower Hill and executed,
01:05:05the last man ever to be beheaded there.
01:05:07Legend says he laughed when the viewing scaffold collapsed,
01:05:11killing several spectators.
01:05:13Some called it poetic justice,
01:05:15others called it madness.
01:05:17But one thing's certain,
01:05:18Simon Fraser's fall marked the bloody end of both an era
01:05:22and the Tower's most chilling chapter.
01:05:26Number 16, Flora MacDonald.
01:05:28She wasn't a soldier,
01:05:30she wasn't a rebel leader,
01:05:32but Flora MacDonald became a legend.
01:05:35In the year 1746,
01:05:36after the failed Jacobite uprising,
01:05:39she smuggled Charles Edward Stuart,
01:05:42better known as Bonnie Prince Charlie,
01:05:44across the Scottish Sea disguised as her maid.
01:05:48The British caught up with her
01:05:49and dragged her to the Tower,
01:05:51yet her courage captured the nation's heart.
01:05:53Even loyalists admired her bravery.
01:05:56Released after a year,
01:05:57she went down in history
01:05:58as the woman who saved a prince
01:05:59and defied an empire.
01:06:01Number 15, Sir John Douglas.
01:06:04Few Tower tales are as juicy as that of Sir John Douglas.
01:06:08In the year 1806,
01:06:09his wife accused Princess Caroline of adultery
01:06:12and Sir John backed her up.
01:06:14The scandal rocked the monarchy.
01:06:16As part of the delicate investigation,
01:06:18John Douglas was detained in the Tower.
01:06:21His accusations helped fuel rumours
01:06:23that nearly led to the princess's exile.
01:06:26Though not convicted of any crime,
01:06:27his imprisonment marked one of the Tower's last brushes
01:06:30with royal scandal.
01:06:31A tale of gossip power
01:06:33and one nobleman's fateful signature.
01:06:36Number 14, Stephen Sayre.
01:06:38In the year 1775,
01:06:40American-born banker Stephen Sayre
01:06:42was living in London
01:06:44and plotting a bold move.
01:06:47British authorities accused him
01:06:48of planning to kidnap King George III.
01:06:51His goal?
01:06:52To hold the king hostage
01:06:53and end Britain's war
01:06:55against the American colonies.
01:06:58Sayre denied everything
01:06:59but was thrown into the Tower
01:07:01on suspicion of treason.
01:07:03Though never formally tried,
01:07:05his imprisonment sent shockwaves
01:07:07across the Atlantic.
01:07:08After his release,
01:07:09he returned to the US
01:07:11a hero in the revolutionary cause.
01:07:14The banker who tried to bag a king
01:07:16only in the Tower of London.
01:07:18Number 13, Henry Lawrence.
01:07:21Henry Lawrence was no ordinary prisoner.
01:07:24President of the Continental Congress
01:07:26and a key figure in the American Revolution,
01:07:29he was captured by the British
01:07:30while en route to negotiate a treaty in Holland.
01:07:34Charged with high treason,
01:07:35Lawrence was locked in the Tower
01:07:37from the years 1780 to 1781.
01:07:41But even in chains,
01:07:42he negotiated his way to freedom.
01:07:44His release was exchanged
01:07:46for none other than Lord Cornwallis,
01:07:48the British general
01:07:49who surrendered at Yorktown.
01:07:52Lawrence, a founding father,
01:07:53swapped for a British warlord.
01:07:56The Tower's walls
01:07:57had never seen diplomacy like this.
01:07:59Number 12, Lord George Gordon.
01:08:02In the year 1780,
01:08:04Lord George Gordon,
01:08:05a fiery member of Parliament,
01:08:07ignited one of the most destructive riots
01:08:10in British history,
01:08:12the Gordon Riots.
01:08:13His passionate opposition
01:08:14to Catholic emancipation
01:08:16spiralled out of control
01:08:18with thousands storming prisons,
01:08:20burning buildings,
01:08:21and helped to bring London to a standstill.
01:08:24Gordon was arrested for high treason
01:08:26and taken to the Tower of London.
01:08:28But get this,
01:08:29while he faced execution,
01:08:31Gordon shocked society
01:08:33by converting to Judaism in captivity
01:08:36and lived as a devout Jew upon release.
01:08:40Once a Protestant agitator,
01:08:42later a Jewish recluse,
01:08:44Gordon's story is as chaotic
01:08:46and unpredictable
01:08:47as the riots he inspired.
01:08:50Number 11,
01:08:51Johan Anders Jägerhorn.
01:08:54Next up,
01:08:54a man whose name echoes
01:08:56through Finnish history,
01:08:58Johan Anders Jägerhorn.
01:09:00A Swedish Finnish noble
01:09:01and military officer,
01:09:03Jägerhorn supported Finnish independence
01:09:05from Sweden
01:09:06and later became embroiled
01:09:08in Irish revolutionary activities.
01:09:11Captured for plotting
01:09:12with the United Irishman,
01:09:14he was brought to the Tower
01:09:15in the year 1799.
01:09:18But here's the twist.
01:09:19While imprisoned,
01:09:20he managed to charm British nobility
01:09:23and even befriended
01:09:24the Prince of Wales.
01:09:26His release was personally arranged
01:09:28by the future King George IV.
01:09:30From traitor to toast
01:09:32of the aristocracy,
01:09:33Jägerhorn's Tower tale
01:09:35proves that charisma
01:09:36can be mightier than chains.
01:09:38Number 10,
01:09:39Francis Burdett.
01:09:41Francis Burdett,
01:09:43a firebrand politician,
01:09:45made waves in the early 1800s
01:09:47by calling for sweeping
01:09:49parliamentary reform
01:09:50and the end of corruption.
01:09:53He accused the government
01:09:54of tyranny
01:09:54and openly criticised
01:09:56the actions
01:09:57of the House of Commons.
01:09:58In the year 1810,
01:10:00after publishing a fiery letter
01:10:02defending freedom of the press,
01:10:04Burdett was arrested
01:10:05and locked up in the Tower.
01:10:07But public support
01:10:08for him exploded.
01:10:10Riots broke out in London
01:10:12and Burdett became a martyr
01:10:14for civil liberties.
01:10:16Though later released,
01:10:17he emerged a national hero,
01:10:19proving that even in chains,
01:10:21an idea can be bulletproof.
01:10:23Number 9,
01:10:24Sir Francis Burdett.
01:10:26Moving into 18th century
01:10:28incarcerations now
01:10:30and this was a pretty quiet time
01:10:32for the Tower.
01:10:33An aristocrat turned radical,
01:10:35Sir Francis Burdett
01:10:36was educated at Westminster School
01:10:38and Christ Church, Oxford.
01:10:41His reforms and support
01:10:42of universal male suffrage
01:10:44led to a brief stint in the Tower.
01:10:47After his Tower stint,
01:10:48Burdett continued to champion reform,
01:10:51even welcoming the rise
01:10:52of the Chartist movement.
01:10:54He was elected multiple times
01:10:56to Parliament
01:10:56and used his influence
01:10:58to push for change from within.
01:11:01He proves that not all Tower stories
01:11:02end in execution.
01:11:05Sometimes they mark
01:11:06the beginning of political revolutions
01:11:08that ripple for generations.
01:11:11Number 8,
01:11:12The Cato Street Conspirators.
01:11:14In the year 1820,
01:11:16a group of revolutionaries
01:11:18plotted to overthrow
01:11:19the British government.
01:11:20Their plan?
01:11:21Assassinate the Prime Minister
01:11:23and his entire cabinet
01:11:24during a dinner.
01:11:25This was the infamous
01:11:26Cato Street Conspiracy.
01:11:28The plan was bold
01:11:30and doomed.
01:11:31An informant betrayed them
01:11:33and the conspirators
01:11:34were ambushed by the police.
01:11:36Several were arrested
01:11:37and thrown into the Tower of London,
01:11:39the last civilians
01:11:40to ever be imprisoned there.
01:11:42Five were executed,
01:11:44including the ringleader
01:11:45Arthur Thistlewood.
01:11:47Their foiled plot
01:11:48marked the end
01:11:49of revolutionary fervour
01:11:50in Britain
01:11:50and the Tower's long history
01:11:52as a prison
01:11:53for political radicals.
01:11:55Number 7,
01:11:56Fener Brockway.
01:11:58In World War I,
01:11:59Brockway refused to fight.
01:12:01A proud socialist
01:12:02and anti-war campaigner,
01:12:04he defied Britain's orders
01:12:06and was jailed
01:12:07in the year 1916
01:12:09for resisting conscription.
01:12:11Though not held long,
01:12:12Brockway's brief stay
01:12:13in the Tower
01:12:14symbolised how dangerous
01:12:16peace could seem
01:12:17during wartime.
01:12:19Ironically,
01:12:19this so-called threat
01:12:20to the Empire
01:12:21would go on
01:12:22to become a respected
01:12:23Member of Parliament
01:12:24and even a life peer
01:12:26in the House of Lords.
01:12:28Number 6,
01:12:28Roger Casement.
01:12:30Sir Roger Casement
01:12:31was once a British hero,
01:12:33celebrated for exposing
01:12:34colonial atrocities
01:12:36in the Congo,
01:12:37but World War I
01:12:38changed everything.
01:12:40As an Irish nationalist,
01:12:42Casement secretly
01:12:43negotiated with Germany
01:12:45for support
01:12:45in an Irish rebellion
01:12:47against Britain.
01:12:48Captured in the year 1916
01:12:50after trying to land arms
01:12:51in Ireland,
01:12:52he was brought
01:12:53to the Tower of London,
01:12:55stripped of his knighthood,
01:12:56and condemned
01:12:57as a traitor.
01:12:58He was hanged
01:12:59for treason
01:13:00but remains
01:13:01a controversial figure,
01:13:03hero to Irish Republicans,
01:13:05villain to the British Crown.
01:13:07Number 5,
01:13:08Norman Bailey Stewart.
01:13:10Before Lord Haw-Haw
01:13:12and the propaganda wars
01:13:14of World War II,
01:13:15there was Norman Bailey Stewart,
01:13:17the original voice of betrayal.
01:13:19A British army officer
01:13:21turned Nazi sympathiser,
01:13:23Bailey Stewart was caught
01:13:25leaking military secrets
01:13:26to Germany
01:13:27in the 1930s.
01:13:29In 1933,
01:13:31he was held in the Tower,
01:13:33the last British citizen
01:13:34to be imprisoned there
01:13:35for espionage
01:13:37at that time.
01:13:38Later,
01:13:39he broadcast Nazi propaganda
01:13:41on German radio,
01:13:42earning the nickname
01:13:43The Officer in the Tower.
01:13:46Number 4,
01:13:47Rudolf Hess.
01:13:48In one of the strangest moments
01:13:50of World War II,
01:13:51Rudolf Hess,
01:13:52Adolf Hitler's deputy,
01:13:53parachuted into Scotland
01:13:55in 1941
01:13:56on a bizarre solo mission
01:13:58to negotiate peace.
01:14:01Well,
01:14:01the British weren't buying it.
01:14:03He was quickly captured
01:14:05and brought to the Tower of London,
01:14:07becoming the last
01:14:08state prisoner
01:14:09ever held there.
01:14:10His stay lasted
01:14:11only four days,
01:14:13but it was symbolic,
01:14:14a top Nazi
01:14:15in the most historic
01:14:17fortress of the empire,
01:14:19imprisoned,
01:14:20humiliated,
01:14:21and defeated.
01:14:22Hess died in Spandau prison
01:14:24in the year 1987,
01:14:27far from the shores
01:14:28of England
01:14:29in the Europe
01:14:30he had once tried to conquer.
01:14:32Number 3,
01:14:33Josef Jacobs.
01:14:35Jacobs parachuted
01:14:36into England
01:14:37during World War II
01:14:38with radio equipment
01:14:39and a forged passport,
01:14:42but he broke his ankle
01:14:43on landing
01:14:44and was quickly caught.
01:14:45Sent to the Tower,
01:14:46Jacobs faced
01:14:47the ultimate punishment.
01:14:49On August 15th,
01:14:501941,
01:14:51he became the last person
01:14:53ever executed
01:14:54at the Tower of London,
01:14:56shot by a firing squad
01:14:57in the old rifle range.
01:14:59His story was chilling
01:15:00and his death marked
01:15:02the end of an era
01:15:03for the Tower.
01:15:04Number 2,
01:15:05Ronnie Cray.
01:15:07You've heard of
01:15:07the Cray Twins,
01:15:09the infamous London gangsters
01:15:11who ruled the East End
01:15:12with fear and firepower
01:15:14in the 1960s.
01:15:16In 1952,
01:15:17Ronnie Cray was called up
01:15:19for national service
01:15:20and flat out refused.
01:15:22He assaulted a corporal
01:15:24and went on the run.
01:15:25When he was finally arrested,
01:15:26the army had no clue
01:15:28what to do with him.
01:15:29So where did they put him?
01:15:31The Tower of London,
01:15:32of course.
01:15:33Ronnie only spent
01:15:34a few days in the Tower
01:15:35before being transferred
01:15:36to Shepton Mallet
01:15:37Military Prison,
01:15:39yet his stay
01:15:39has been sealed
01:15:40in the Tower's history.
01:15:42Number 1,
01:15:43Reggie Cray.
01:15:45Going from East End Enforcer
01:15:46to British criminal folklore,
01:15:49Reggie Cray,
01:15:49along with his brother Ronnie,
01:15:51became the last person
01:15:53to stay as a prisoner
01:15:54in the Tower of London.
01:15:56Together,
01:15:57the Crays symbolised
01:15:58a new type of criminal,
01:16:00stylish,
01:16:01ruthless
01:16:02and media savvy.
01:16:04Called up for national service
01:16:05with the Royal Fusiliers,
01:16:07he refused to report
01:16:09and was arrested
01:16:10for attacking a corporal.
01:16:12Handcuffed to soldiers,
01:16:14they were hauled off
01:16:15to the Tower of London.
01:16:16The Crays were also incarcerated
01:16:18in other military jails
01:16:20and prisons
01:16:21before being
01:16:22dishonourably discharged.
01:16:25Reggie was often
01:16:26once heard to say
01:16:27God bless
01:16:28the Royal Fusiliers
01:16:29due to their time
01:16:31with the regiment
01:16:32having only developed
01:16:33their ability
01:16:34to get their own way.
01:16:35In the year 2012,
01:16:37the late Lieutenant Colonel
01:16:39George Pettifar
01:16:40spoke of his interaction
01:16:41with the twins
01:16:42as part of the museum's
01:16:44oral history project.
01:16:46Thanks for watching.
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01:17:12through the pubs
01:17:13and I speak
01:17:15as we have a
01:17:18tour of the museum
01:17:18and I speak
01:17:20of the cube
01:17:21and I put their
01:17:22an
01:17:23instrument
01:17:24and land
01:17:25and CF
01:17:26という
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