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Billion Dollar Downfall: The Dealmaker (2023) is a documentary that examines the rise and fall of a prominent business figure and the deals that shaped his career. Through interviews, news footage, and expert commentary, the film explores the challenges of high-stakes business, leadership, and the impact of corporate decisions. With a focus on strategy, entrepreneurship, and lessons learned, this documentary provides an engaging look at the world of big business and the stories behind major financial moves.
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00:00Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
00:30Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
01:00Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
01:29Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
01:59Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
02:29Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
02:59The more money he made, the more successful he got, the more he contributed towards the society.
03:09Potential unauthorized drawings of 300 million plus, I still find substantially astounding.
03:17It was a machine designed to defraud people.
03:26I am crystal clear in front of my maker that I've never committed an intentional act of criminality.
03:47I was the piano player who played the month of January in Davos.
04:03This was my 27th World Economic Forum, so I've met a lot of people, many prime ministers, my gosh.
04:11There's a lot of things going on in the daytime, discussions, conferences.
04:15I don't get to see any of that.
04:18The main party was the piano bar.
04:26My job is to make them happy, get them drunk, and forget about life.
04:31I didn't know who Arif was at first.
04:34He came back every night, and it was when he slipped a nice big money bill into my hand that I realized,
04:40okay, I have to get to know this guy, right?
04:43It isn't every day you get a 500 euro tip.
04:45On my far left, Arif Nakhvi, the founder and group CEO of Abraaj Capital in the UAE.
04:59I've been a financial journalist for 22 years.
05:03Davos, which is this confluence of capitalists and politicians who, in public, talk about making the world a better place,
05:12and then in closed doors, they're often doing deals.
05:17Arif was really in his element, talking with other money managers and public on stage.
05:23You're an enormous investor.
05:25Because these markets have got liquidity, they've got strength, they're going to make up for lost time.
05:30Arif spoke the language of Western finance, but also understood the realities of countries where people lived on very low incomes.
05:38The vision that drove Abraaj to become a global force is harnessing Western-style capitalism
05:44to help achieve stability and better health and equality and prosperity in regions that are defined by poverty and volatility.
05:56The pitch that Arif was making was that he could make investors rich and end poverty.
06:03This was impact investing, and I was its flag carrier.
06:12He used to like to sit on the window ledge behind me.
06:15He just sat there, drinking his scotch, enjoying the music.
06:19And I noticed he was wearing a white badge, which means you have access to everything.
06:23And obviously you're a CEO or a prime minister or somebody that can afford, what is it, the $50,000 fee.
06:29And as the night progressed, yeah, he would loosen up a bit, of course.
06:33And the next thing you know, he's got a microphone singing Hotel California with me.
06:37Yeah, I mean, he's human too.
06:38I turned up in Dubai with nothing.
06:53It was a city that was extremely good to me.
06:56In the 2000s, between 2000 and 2008, you put a dollar in anything, you know tomorrow's $2,
07:02but then who makes sure that it's actually $6?
07:05So Arif was the $6 man.
07:07It was the only environment in the Middle East where you could effectively create a name through entrepreneurship.
07:14I set up businesses myself.
07:17It was innovative.
07:18It was fun.
07:20And we were earning money.
07:21Well, I got involved with him because I saw a very talented dealmaker.
07:29He was very ambitious, which is what you want.
07:32And he wanted to make money, which is what you want.
07:36He was very clever and flattering people and selling them a great story.
07:40Aramex was a transaction he had identified.
07:46Aramex is a courier company, sometimes called the FedEx of the Middle East.
07:52Yes, it was a Middle Eastern company, but it was listed on NASDAQ.
07:56We announced that acquisition very late in 2001.
08:03Post 9-11, obviously, we were diligence to death by all parties.
08:09An Arab company, buying an Arab company of the stock exchange.
08:12I mean, look, private equity was fashionable.
08:20A private equity fund ought to conduct itself by taking money from investors,
08:25then deploying it into investments, like acquiring a stake in a company,
08:30which will be improved to generate returns,
08:33and then sharing these profits with investors when the company is sold.
08:37The weakness in private equity is a lack of transparency.
08:42You have to have a higher element of trust in the person or the organization.
08:49I kept a very close eye on everything.
08:52I was overly anxious about his behavior.
08:56We had one member of the Saudi royal family who was a shareholder in our firm.
09:00Now the Saudi royal family is a very big family. There are thousands of members.
09:03And then I caught him claiming to say that we represent the Saudi royal family.
09:08And those sort of things got me very nervous.
09:12Ali and I never got on with each other.
09:14I found him to be a volatile king and a difficult person to work with.
09:21Well, I think I pushed for the divorce because at the end of the day, it was untenable.
09:27We separated from Ali very shortly thereafter, and Abraj was born.
09:43Abraj is towers.
09:44So Burj is one tower, Abraj is towers.
09:48The choice of the name was smart.
09:50It was very Arabic, although now it's global.
09:53Arif also liked what Abraj meant in Hindi or Urdu.
10:00Now we rule.
10:02Now it's our time to be in charge.
10:05Those years were very, very important years.
10:07And the deals, then the big deals started happening.
10:09When Abraj sold its shares in Aramex in 2005, they made something like five times their money.
10:20That success attracted a lot of attention to Arif and to Abraj.
10:23He started getting into the message, which was do good and make money.
10:39And that became his theme.
10:41Karachi is one of the most congested cities on this planet.
10:57Around 2008, power outages were a routine.
11:01When there is power outage, it means complete misery for very ordinary people.
11:06Life would completely come to a grinding halt.
11:09Karachi Electric was associated with that darkness.
11:16There was violence.
11:19There were riots.
11:21It was a very, very volatile place.
11:22Karachi Electric, with all its problems, was an opportunity for Arif and his colleagues to prove that they could bring about a real transformation of a company that would bring tangible, positive benefits to customers and citizens.
11:47Karachi Electric, with all its problems, is it doable?
11:48Is it doable? Of course it's doable.
11:50It was a very good deal. People were jealous.
11:52It was the biggest foreign investment in Pakistan.
11:55And over the years, we found that Karachi Electric actually ran far more efficiently than the government was doing.
12:02I met Arif off and on in these days.
12:07The more money he made, he made sure that people in Pakistan benefited from it.
12:12My mantra of doing good is not just about giving money away.
12:18It's about having the direct impact.
12:20He set up this Amman Foundation, and this Amman Foundation did a lot of charitable work in Pakistan.
12:28He set up this ambulance service in various parts of the country.
12:34Over the last decade, Amman has probably saved over a million lives.
12:38I know that for a fact.
12:39I've come here to Cairo to seek a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world.
13:04In 2009, President Obama went to Cairo to reset the relationship between the United States and the Islamic world,
13:16which had been torn apart by the September 11th, 2001 attacks.
13:22Now, we know that military power alone is not going to solve the problems in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
13:28That's why we plan to invest $1.5 billion each year over the next five years.
13:37After that speech, the U.S. sought out partners in the Middle East with which a government fund could invest.
13:46One of the companies which stepped forward was Abraj.
13:50The U.S. government pledged $150 million to an Abraj fund to invest in Middle Eastern companies.
13:57Well, the biggest private equity group in the Middle East and North Africa today launched a Palestine investment fund.
14:03We're going to talk about that and what's going on with Dubai in the Middle East is Abraj Capital Chairman and CEO Arif Nakhvi.
14:10Securing funding from the United States government was a big moment for Abraj and for Arif.
14:16And when you go through all the media hype about Arif at the time, it was all about do good and make money.
14:23How are you going to make this more than just a nice headline?
14:28So I think what it should be lauded as is a new initiative to create opportunity because when people trade with each other, they forget about violence and negativity.
14:38The American saw him as someone who could be an important partner.
14:42These are the big players from the U.S.
14:46He did sit with these guys in forums and meetings and everything else.
14:50And I think it drags you.
14:52The more you do, the more you want from that.
14:54They were part of the same movement.
14:57This belief that investment capital can help end poverty.
15:00Five years ago or so, Arif Nakhvi, who was from Karachi, bought this property.
15:15He turned this wonderful green behind us into a cricket ground.
15:18And then he got in touch with all his old muckers, entertained them lavishly and set them to make cricket and to make fools of themselves.
15:25I'm quite certain this year we've got charities involved and things like that.
15:28It's going to be even better.
15:29Well, my name is Henry Blofeld and I've spent 47 years commentating about cricket for the BBC.
15:38A television producer rang me up.
15:40He said, now, would you consider commentating for me at a ground near Oxford?
15:45There is this extraordinary rich Pakistani called Arif Nakhvi.
15:50He'd probably pay you quite a lot of money.
15:53That's gone all the way.
15:56Goodness knows how many technicians there were there.
15:58And to my astonishment, it's going to be shown, no worries.
16:02So, I mean, this was a great demonstration of extravagance.
16:06Here we are, a mutual celebration.
16:08The camera can't drink, but Farouk and I can.
16:12And Imran Khan comes on to bowl.
16:15So this is really the witching hour.
16:18I've known Arif Nakhvi for almost 25 years.
16:24And I certainly consider him a friend.
16:28At the end of my cricketing days, I met him and he was one of those few staunch cricket lovers.
16:35Arif was very pleased.
16:36He was enormously pleased that Imran was dignifying his cricket ground.
16:40And that will have done Arif Nakhvi's street cred hugely good.
16:47Arif, Arif as a cricketer was not as good as his business acumen.
16:53And the boss has been run out.
16:55He invited me because he also invited top Pakistani businessmen.
17:04After the match, we had a small dinner, a fundraising dinner.
17:08And that dinner was to raise money for my political party.
17:12Here were these people with huge amounts of money.
17:15And the principal was Arif Nakhvi, who had got more money than any of them.
17:19When I look at my life story, and I think with all of that going for you, Arif,
17:27and with money that I earned that was way beyond my wildest expectations,
17:35and I felt that there must be a purpose to my life other than generating the amounts of money that I did.
17:49Arif Nakhvi was a very focused man.
17:59When I started running Unilever, you get exposed to hundreds of people,
18:03and at that time he was one of them.
18:05He was a big advocate for a few things that I think we all believe in and still do.
18:11First and foremost, that you need to channel more of our world's capital to the right things,
18:17i.e. making this a better world.
18:20This movement of people and institutions,
18:23which was seeking to channel investment funds in a way that it ended poverty,
18:28as well as making a profit,
18:30came to be known as impact investing.
18:34I've been in the impact investing industry all my life.
18:38and doing what I love doing, which is investing and actually making a difference.
18:44I work for a London firm named Aureos, which invested in the developing world.
18:48We were a boots on the ground model, and that's what many investors, pension funds, sovereign wealth funds,
18:56a couple of U.S. foundations loved about the Aureos model.
19:01Abraj bought Aureos.
19:04Arif and his colleagues recognised that owning Aureos would open the doors to these Western government funds for Abraj.
19:15I think that having international investors, and a whole bunch of them, makes a big difference.
19:23Abraj was primarily the Gulf, Middle East, North Africa.
19:28We were in Latin America, we were in Sub-Saharan Africa, we were in Asia.
19:33So, the Middle East's largest private equity firm, Abraj Capital, continues to expand.
19:40The Dubai-based company has bought the UK specialist fund, Aureos Capital,
19:44which has around $1.3 billion under management.
19:47The combined entity will manage $7.5 billion worth of assets, and that's across 30 countries.
19:53For Abraj, the acquisition of Aureos meant that, sort of one click of a switch,
19:59you had a whole investor base, which could normally take years to actually build up.
20:07I joined the board of the UN Global Compact.
20:10When Arif Nakhfi was on the board, that's probably where I got to know him a little bit better.
20:16Did he stand out in one way or another?
20:19The world tends to be in monologue between us Westerners.
20:22He was an advocate very much so for impact investing, for the emerging markets.
20:30The sheer force of development is what will make these markets grow.
20:35And it's extremely exciting to be a part of that right now.
20:39Arif became very adept in pitching Abraj as a firm who could gather money from the richer parts of the world
20:48and invest in poorer parts of the world in a way that would make a profit and a positive impact as well.
20:57You cannot think of a forum that he or his people weren't there,
21:01or you cannot think of a price that wasn't awarded to them.
21:04When I got to Dubai, the Abraj headquarters,
21:08my first impression was it could fit all the Aureos offices in this one office.
21:12The whole structure around Arif was almost like a president's office, right?
21:21Seniors, as well as a lot of junior people, who were very loyal to Arif.
21:27One of these individuals was having a haircut, and he got a call from Arif.
21:33He actually left the hairdressers and went back to the office with half a haircut.
21:38When you're asked, jump.
21:42They asked, how high?
21:51The Gates Foundation believes that all lives have equal value.
21:55At the Gates Foundation, I managed the Strategic Investment Fund
21:59designed to partner with for-profit companies and investment funds around the world
22:04with the goal of alleviating poverty and ensuring proper health care treatment
22:08for populations around the globe.
22:12The first time that we know Arif met Bill Gates
22:16was when he hosted him at a dinner at his house.
22:21He puts on a very grand meeting for Bill and other luminaries.
22:26Bill Gates.
22:27I mean, it's great.
22:31The buzz had skyrocketed itself.
22:39Bill Gates and Arif Macri agreed to do something in health care.
22:44It was a very large investment for the Foundation and was important to us.
22:56It was probably a very proud moment for Arif to be able to say that,
23:01look, we've got this fund going, and it's a few years after, you know,
23:04discussing this with Bill Gates and so on, and we're there.
23:07I'm from the emerging markets.
23:24I've always invested in the emerging markets for the last 25 years.
23:28I'm managing director and head of private equity funds
23:30at British International Investment,
23:32the UK government's development finance institution.
23:34The Abrage team, probably the investor relations team,
23:37came to us to say,
23:38we have this great idea of a fund looking at affordable health care.
23:44And having Gates there gave us a lot of comfort in terms of,
23:46you know, impact will definitely be driving some of that agenda.
23:51Abrage's health care fund was made up of heavyweight investors.
23:54The Gates Foundation, the UK government's investment arm,
23:57as well as the French government's equivalent,
23:58put in almost $200 million between them.
24:01In addition, the US government's overseas investment corporation
24:04and the World Bank's private sector development arm
24:07committed in total around $250 million.
24:09All in all, when combined with other investors,
24:12we had $1 billion to make health care investments around the world.
24:17Once a year, there'd be a formal investor week
24:20where investors across all of their funds would come together.
24:24Arif had a very prominent role.
24:26There was always a session around his charity,
24:33the Amman Foundation,
24:34and the importance of, you know,
24:36why it's not just about making money,
24:38that it also needs to ultimately do good.
24:41Whenever I saw him speak about that,
24:43I felt he really believed that.
24:45I mean, he was being genuine with his audience.
24:47The teams would get together from all around the world.
24:51The whole point is to mingle and to meet each other.
24:54You had music going on in the evenings.
24:57There would be pretty lively events.
25:01The firm wasn't one of the largest in the world,
25:04but the lifestyle and the character that led it
25:07certainly were larger than life.
25:09I remember a specific incident
25:12when one of the teams was talking to us
25:15about a very aggressive business plan.
25:17So I kept kind of, you know, drilling on that.
25:20And eventually, you know, it was time for a break.
25:22We stepped out and Arif came to me, I recall.
25:26And he said, you know, Clarissa,
25:27you ask a lot of questions.
25:29And I said, yes, you know, I do.
25:31That's part of my job.
25:33I said, no, but you're asking too many questions.
25:35You know, individuals will be charming and convincing.
25:39And individuals will try to be intimidating.
25:42That doesn't work.
25:44You can try both.
25:46Arif tried that on me.
25:48That didn't work.
25:50My former colleagues had concerns
25:52with the professionalism of the Abraaj team.
25:56And were very interested when I met with them
25:59in, you know, finding the nicest restaurant in Seattle
26:01and ordering several hundred dollar bottles of wine.
26:04That's what they were focused on.
26:06We at Abraaj, I at Abraaj,
26:08we were not bad people.
26:10We were never bad people.
26:12We wanted to chase the world.
26:13And we were trying to do that.
26:15There was one time when I was staying in Dubai,
26:24Valera and I were asked to dinner,
26:26by Arif Nakhvi at his house at Emmerich Hills.
26:30We had an amazing evening.
26:32We must have been 30 to dinner at least.
26:35I mean, the wine, we didn't drink Chateau Petrus,
26:37which he did, produced, I think, at many of his parties.
26:39He wanted all the time to impress and go one-up if he could
26:44on all his friends.
26:45And I think his house at Emmerich Hills was very much a part
26:48of his one-upmanship.
26:50Emmerich Hills is a place populated by billionaires of the world.
26:53In the middle of Emmerich Hills, he built a huge mosque,
26:56a huge complex, named after his father, Masood Nakhvi.
26:59It was accepted that he had a yacht
27:12and that he flew everywhere by private jet.
27:17Again, I mean, my inner, I thought, well, there's Arif
27:20showing that he's a very rich man.
27:22The reality is that the finances of Abraj are in a dangerous state.
27:28The firm was most definitely spending more than it was earning.
27:38I joined, I think, on the 26th of Jan 2016.
27:43As I went into the grinding machine,
27:46it was quite interesting, I must say.
27:48One of my mandates was to control cost,
27:50resize the organization.
27:53He used to tell me, listen, my problem is I'm too generous.
27:56We have a huge setup.
27:58Maybe we can do it less, I don't know.
28:01But I need someone who, you know, merciless, you know, like you too.
28:07And, you know, it's known that I do what needs to be done, okay?
28:12We had the highest headcount of investment staff
28:17per dollar under management in the world.
28:20The firm has gone into marketing overdrive
28:23and the message that's being put out publicly
28:25is one of success,
28:28of having a great track record,
28:30of being in partnership with Bill Gates and the likes.
28:34When you go to World Economic Forum meetings,
28:37we had presents bigger than, you know,
28:41can I say Goldman Sachs, for example?
28:44You know, bigger than global investment banks.
28:48I believe in investing in presents,
28:52but it was too excessive.
28:53A very small group of people,
29:01maybe four, five, six,
29:04at the heart of Abraj,
29:05knew the extent of Abraj's problems.
29:08The most important one
29:10was the bookkeeper,
29:13who's Rafiq.
29:15Abraj's finance department
29:17is managed by a man called Rafiq Lakhani.
29:21His office was filled with paper receipts.
29:26Rafiq was a tireless employee of Arif,
29:29extremely loyal.
29:31Same for Waqar Sadiqi,
29:33who is Arif's brother-in-law
29:35and a senior executive.
29:37To keep the firm from failing,
29:39Rafiq and Arif were moving money around.
29:44Two people who know the most
29:45were Waqar and Rafiq.
29:51Rafiq, under Arif's guidance,
29:58was moving money out of the healthcare fund
30:02and then using that to pay for various costs
30:06elsewhere in Abraj.
30:13It was a juggling act.
30:15So the way funds work
30:22is the fund manager,
30:23in this case Abraj,
30:24will say,
30:25we're about to make an investment
30:26in this hospital network.
30:28We need $50 million
30:29to make that investment.
30:31The money is actually drawn down,
30:33as it's called,
30:33from the investors,
30:34slowly over time,
30:36little by little over time.
30:38What was unique
30:40about the Abraj fund
30:41is they very quickly said,
30:45we need several hundred million dollars.
30:47There was a small drawdown
30:48made in September of 2016,
30:50but then in December of 2016,
30:52there was a drawdown
30:52for almost $400 million.
30:56So at first,
30:57we thought that was a good sign.
30:59It was an indication
31:00that they had done their homework
31:01and had a large number of deals
31:02that were ready to move quickly.
31:06However,
31:08after just a few months,
31:09we realized that they were drawing down
31:11much more money
31:13than what they were actually using
31:15to invest,
31:16something is wrong here,
31:18something makes no sense.
31:24So when March came,
31:26they said,
31:26this is the update
31:28of the overall portfolio.
31:29And we said,
31:29okay, well,
31:29there's still some money
31:30that hasn't been drawn,
31:31you should really be using that
31:32or giving it back to investors.
31:34They said,
31:34no, it's going to be utilized
31:35in the very short term
31:36and we're actually going to be
31:37asking for more money.
31:39from you tomorrow
31:41in the order of $150 million.
31:43And we said,
31:44well,
31:44you have more than that
31:45already in cash.
31:46Very quickly,
31:47you realize that you needed
31:48to ask many more questions
31:50because
31:51the answers weren't
31:53fully making sense.
31:55I was invited by Arav to do this
32:03Art Dubai.
32:05We were guests
32:06at the Ritz-Carlton.
32:07I had a chauffeur
32:08with a Mercedes 500
32:10come to pick me up
32:10and the Art Dubai
32:11was not far from
32:13that famous hotel
32:14that looks like a sale.
32:14It was a major event,
32:17one of the biggest fixtures
32:18of the Dubai social scene.
32:20The whole mood
32:21was just very somber.
32:23Arav was very quiet.
32:24He shook a few hands.
32:26He didn't stay along.
32:28And for the first time,
32:29he did not even come over
32:30to say hello to me.
32:33Something big is happening.
32:34I don't know what it is,
32:35but I didn't like it.
32:36There was a lot happening
32:37in the background,
32:38which later I got to realize
32:40the pressure.
32:41One, from the healthcare investors,
32:44where is the cash?
32:45Why are you sitting
32:46on so much cash?
32:48So I started emailing
32:50and calling
32:51the fund managers repeatedly.
32:55After several weeks
32:56of back and forth,
32:57they said,
32:57because we trust you, Andrew,
32:59and because of our close relationship
33:01with the Gates Foundation,
33:02this one time,
33:03we will tell you
33:04where the money is,
33:05which bank account it's in.
33:06And they sent me
33:07an audit statement
33:08showing that that $200 million
33:09was sitting in
33:10the Commercial Bank of Dubai.
33:12That interaction
33:13got me more and more concerned.
33:18In September of 2017,
33:21just organizing
33:22the investor meeting
33:23for October.
33:25We normally have the investors
33:27by conference call.
33:29And so on that call,
33:29it was a different set of people
33:31than I had been interacting
33:32with previously
33:33when they told me
33:33it was in the Commercial Bank of Dubai.
33:35So I thought,
33:36you know what?
33:36I'm just going to ask again.
33:38Where is the money sitting?
33:39The financial controller
33:41gave an answer,
33:43a particular bank.
33:44Oh, don't worry about it.
33:46It's in Standard Bank.
33:48I remember there was
33:49sort of silence
33:50for a few seconds.
33:52And then,
33:54on the phone,
33:55that's not the information
33:56or the bank account I got.
33:58And all of a sudden,
33:58it was like,
33:59what?
33:59You know,
34:00what's going on?
34:01And at that point,
34:02my head exploded.
34:04You cannot forget
34:05where you put $240 million.
34:07A formal letter was sent
34:10Gates on behalf of the investors
34:12from the committee
34:13saying,
34:13you have until the end of the year
34:15to return our capital
34:16to show us a bank statement.
34:20The response was not good.
34:22At that point,
34:23RF reached out
34:25to everyone
34:26who managed the fund's boss
34:28within their organizations.
34:30is this over-the-top
34:32explosion
34:34trying to get
34:35everyone fired.
34:36That's an indication
34:37that something is
34:38very, very wrong.
34:40Asking for a bank statement
34:41is not an outrageous request.
34:44Abraj and Arif
34:46personally
34:46appear to take that
34:48as a lack of trust.
34:50And that's when
34:50I really knew
34:51for the first time
34:52that we likely had
34:53a case of fraud.
34:54The Prime Minister
35:07was not a job
35:08I aspired to,
35:09but it's a big responsibility.
35:12So I took office
35:13on August 1, 2017
35:14and completed
35:15my constitutional term
35:18of 10 months.
35:20Mr. Arjan Akvi
35:21asked to meet me
35:22in relation to
35:24the issues of K-Electric.
35:26I felt that
35:27it was very important to him.
35:29A successful sale
35:29of Karachi Electric
35:30would have brought
35:31hundreds of millions
35:33of dollars.
35:35It is the emphasis
35:36on the fact that
35:37this was critical
35:38for Abraj and him.
35:43He was bringing in
35:45Shanghai Electric
35:45which was the premier
35:46power utility
35:47in the world.
35:48It was something that
35:49I felt as a Prime Minister
35:50was important for Pakistan.
35:52So I was trying
35:53to facilitate
35:54the transaction
35:55to take place.
35:56In fact,
35:56I asked my
35:58military secretary
35:59to allow him
36:00full access
36:01to me
36:02and my office.
36:07It was the single
36:08largest Chinese
36:10investment
36:10into Pakistan.
36:11So there is
36:12a geopolitical situation.
36:14For a huge city's
36:16electricity and power
36:17to go into
36:17the Chinese hands
36:18they say
36:19is not what
36:19was liked
36:20by the Americans.
36:22And you always
36:23find out about
36:24these issues
36:24about a quarter
36:25of a century later
36:26when the documents
36:28are declassified.
36:30A whole host
36:31of issues.
36:31We resolved
36:32many of them
36:33but we could not
36:33finalize that transaction.
36:36Perhaps
36:36Abraj with the
36:38extra money
36:38would have been
36:39in a better situation.
36:40We can only
36:40speculate on that.
36:50in September 2017
36:55Arif traveled
36:56to New York.
36:58He gives a
36:59very big speech
37:00about impact investing
37:01at a conference
37:02which is
37:04time to coincide
37:05with the
37:06UN General Assembly.
37:08So he's in town
37:09with the great
37:10and the good
37:11world leaders,
37:13CEOs,
37:14billionaires.
37:15You cannot
37:17create a great
37:18company
37:18unless you start
37:20with a good
37:20company.
37:21And a good
37:21company is one
37:22that stands
37:23for what society
37:24stands for.
37:25He was speaking
37:26at a time
37:27when something
37:28seriously wrong
37:30was happening
37:30at Abraj.
37:32All of us
37:32are looking
37:33to make a difference
37:34hopefully in the lives
37:35of anywhere
37:36upwards of
37:37two to three
37:37hundred million
37:38people.
37:39Thank you very much.
37:40This is not
37:41the way
37:42to end
37:42global poverty
37:43by telling investors
37:45one thing
37:46and citizens
37:47one thing
37:47and then doing
37:48something else.
37:56The foundation
37:57started receiving
37:58whistleblower emails
38:00from an email
38:01wbabraj
38:02at gmail
38:03or whatever it was
38:04which stood for
38:05whistleblower
38:05Abraj.
38:09Basically saying
38:10you're on the right
38:11track.
38:12You're figuring
38:13things out.
38:14You and the other
38:15investors keep
38:16digging.
38:24I was told by
38:25Dubai HQ
38:25that any more
38:27interaction with
38:27investors is to be
38:29dealt with a small
38:29group of people
38:30of which I'm not
38:31one of them.
38:33And at that point
38:33I went to the
38:35management of the
38:36Gates Foundation
38:37and said we have a
38:38major problem.
38:39We need to dig
38:39into it.
38:41Abraj sent us
38:42yet another
38:43statement
38:43for one day
38:45showing that
38:46the $200 million
38:47was sitting in
38:48the account
38:48on that day
38:49December 7th
38:50or whatever it
38:51was, 2017.
38:53You became
38:54suspicious of
38:55everything and
38:55everyone.
38:56We were
38:57suspecting that
38:58what they were
38:58doing is
38:59when they needed
39:00to show that
39:01money was there
39:01they would
39:02transfer money
39:02in for one day
39:03print out a
39:04bank statement
39:04and then transfer
39:05it out to use
39:06for other
39:06purposes.
39:12At the end
39:12of December
39:132017, the
39:14limited partners
39:15of the healthcare
39:15fund received
39:17their monies back.
39:22In January
39:23they said we've
39:23already given you
39:24your monies.
39:25But by that point
39:25the trust had been
39:26broken from our
39:27side.
39:27We're going to
39:27hire forensic
39:28accountants who
39:29are going to
39:30look at every
39:31record of the
39:32money coming in
39:33and out.
39:34By that point
39:35we had no
39:35certainty of where
39:36that money had
39:36been.
39:45I wake up
39:46mid-January
39:46check my emails
39:47as I did
39:48every single
39:48morning.
39:49I had one
39:50potentially
39:50interesting email
39:51from an
39:52anonymous address
39:53WB Abraj.
39:56I responded
39:56to that and I
39:57said hello
39:57thank you for
39:58sharing this
39:58information with
39:59me.
40:00Can you please
40:00tell me who
40:01you are and
40:01why you've
40:02shared this
40:02with me?
40:04Will was a
40:04colleague of
40:05mine at the
40:05Wall Street Journal
40:06at the time.
40:08He came over
40:09to me one
40:09day and told
40:10me that he'd
40:11received this
40:11email.
40:13I'd often
40:14wondered where
40:16Abraj got the
40:18money to fund
40:19the conspicuous
40:20events and
40:22lifestyle that
40:23its senior
40:24executives seemed
40:25to lead.
40:27But my main
40:28feeling initially
40:29was not oh this
40:30must be true or
40:30this must be
40:31false.
40:31my main priority
40:33at that time
40:33is just to find
40:34out is it
40:35true or not.
40:37So they said
40:37for instance
40:38that Abraj
40:39had asked
40:40investors for
40:40200 million
40:41dollars which
40:42hadn't been
40:43spent and
40:44had been used
40:45to pay salaries
40:46instead.
40:47If this were
40:47true I mean
40:48this would have
40:48been Abraj
40:49committing a
40:50kind of
40:50cardinal sin
40:51of fund
40:51management.
40:52So the
40:53money in
40:53private equity
40:54is supposed
40:54to be managed
40:55in a very
40:55disciplined
40:56way.
40:57If you raise
40:57a healthcare
40:58fund you
40:59can't you
41:00know go
41:00and throw
41:01a party
41:01with that
41:02money or
41:03pay someone
41:04salary or
41:05bonus.
41:07I mean this
41:07is where
41:08trust is won
41:09or lost
41:10in finance.
41:12So we
41:13started to
41:13gather pieces
41:14of information
41:15off the record
41:17comments,
41:18documents
41:19followed.
41:20We kept
41:21calling people
41:22calling them
41:23back,
41:24calling Abraj.
41:25How am I
41:26ever going
41:26to confirm
41:27without getting
41:28bank statements
41:29and investor
41:30reports which
41:31are very
41:31difficult to
41:32get because
41:33they're
41:33confidential.
41:35While we're
41:36doing the
41:36reporting trying
41:38to verify
41:38the information
41:39in the
41:40anonymous email
41:41Arif is in
41:42Davos.
41:45I knew that
41:46someone was
41:47briefing against
41:48us in the
41:48press and
41:49that was a
41:50coordinated
41:51exercise but
41:52I had no
41:52idea who
41:53or what.
41:53aref had
41:56arranged a
41:56meeting with
41:58two very
41:58senior
41:59executives at
42:01News Corp.
42:02He tried
42:03really hard to
42:04get them to
42:05kill our
42:06story.
42:06and he
42:09actually
42:09participates in
42:10a panel
42:11discussion
42:12with Bill
42:13Gates about
42:14global health.
42:16Like Bill,
42:17I'm an
42:17optimist and
42:18I have to
42:19say that
42:19Bill was
42:21instrumental,
42:22that Bill
42:22is so
42:23focused.
42:24So, you
42:24know,
42:24probably as
42:25Bill will
42:26testify.
42:27Arif
42:28repeatedly
42:28tries to
42:29engage Bill
42:31Gates in
42:32conversation.
42:32it's apparent
42:34that Bill
42:34Gates is
42:35trying quite
42:36hard to
42:36not be
42:37engaged by
42:38Arif in
42:38conversation.
42:40Can I
42:40just add
42:40something
42:41slightly
42:41provocative
42:42there,
42:42Bill?
42:42And I
42:42don't know,
42:43maybe I'm
42:43being a
42:43bit
42:43simplistic,
42:44but you
42:45know,
42:45these
42:45gold
42:45standard
42:45regulators
42:46and the
42:46drugs
42:46that
42:47are
42:47approved.
42:48And even
42:49for Arif
42:49to appear,
42:50if you're a
42:50fund manager
42:51and you're
42:52under an
42:52investigation,
42:52to be
42:53able to
42:53get up
42:53on stage
42:54and then
42:55lecture
42:56one of
42:56the world's
42:57richest men
42:57really
42:58takes a
42:59lot of
43:00not quite
43:02for what
43:02confidence
43:03may be
43:03and courage.
43:05We called
43:07Abraj for
43:07comment.
43:08A senior
43:09executive said
43:10it's not true
43:11that hundreds
43:12of millions
43:12of dollars
43:13are missing,
43:14Abraj is
43:14regulated
43:15in seven
43:15jurisdictions,
43:16it has
43:16highest
43:17governance
43:17standards.
43:18At that
43:19point,
43:19we knew
43:19investors
43:20were
43:20investigating,
43:21so we
43:22published
43:22the article
43:23on February
43:232nd,
43:242018.
43:25when the
43:38two infamous
43:39articles
43:40came out,
43:41I got a call
43:41from Waqar
43:42saying,
43:43oh,
43:43Bashir,
43:43you know,
43:44there are
43:45two American
43:47quote-unquote
43:48publications
43:49that are
43:50after us.
43:51Those bloody
43:52racist
43:52newspapers,
43:55they want
43:55to nail
43:56our successes,
43:57and then
43:57it was like
43:58an avalanche.
44:08After the
44:09articles came
44:09out,
44:09we were
44:10starting to
44:10text each
44:11other and
44:12call each
44:12other and
44:13literally going,
44:14what the fuck?
44:15I mean,
44:15what is going
44:15on?
44:16This just
44:16shouldn't happen
44:17in our business.
44:18Drawing down
44:19and sitting on
44:19the money
44:19for a while,
44:21fine,
44:22you could live
44:22with it,
44:23but using it
44:24for another
44:24purpose.
44:27That's not
44:28okay.
44:29And this is
44:30exactly what I
44:31told the
44:31aref I
44:32remember.
44:32This is
44:33called a
44:33serious
44:34violation,
44:35which needs
44:35a major
44:36change.
44:38Because what
44:38do you
44:39mean?
44:39It's some
44:41heads have
44:42to roll,
44:43including
44:44potentially
44:44yours.
44:45he kept
44:52on climbing
44:53down the
44:53stairs,
44:54snooping
44:54around,
44:55you know,
44:55all of us
44:56trying to
44:56figure out
44:57what's going
44:57on.
44:58I built
44:58a wall
44:58to block
45:00the staircase.
45:02Gypsum wall,
45:03you bring a
45:04gypsum,
45:05not me
45:05physically.
45:06I was
45:07constantly
45:08reaching out
45:08to Abraj's
45:10spokesperson
45:10and senior
45:11executives
45:12and to
45:13Arif.
45:14Everything
45:15that I
45:15said was
45:16being ignored.
45:17I sent
45:18letters and
45:18responses in
45:19writing.
45:20I sent
45:20them verbally.
45:22Will and I
45:23had a phone
45:24call with
45:24Arif.
45:25We spoke
45:26for hours.
45:26I can't
45:26remember
45:27exactly how
45:27long.
45:28The answers
45:29he gave
45:29to the
45:30questions we
45:30asked were
45:31not sufficient
45:32to make
45:33us say,
45:34okay,
45:34well,
45:34there's
45:34nothing to
45:35see here.
45:36Simon and
45:37I just
45:37said,
45:39what did
45:39we literally
45:39got nothing
45:40out of that.
45:41He just
45:41spoke in
45:42kind of
45:42very abstract
45:43language.
45:44We thought
45:45that if we
45:45could meet
45:45him in
45:46person,
45:47then maybe
45:47you'd have
45:49a bit more
45:49engagement.
45:50He initially
45:51was talking
45:51about,
45:52yes,
45:52he would
45:52meet me
45:53to talk
45:54things through,
45:54but that
45:55meeting never
45:55happened.
45:57I only
45:58stopped
45:59when I
45:59realised
46:00that it
46:00didn't
46:00really matter.
46:01It continued
46:02to be a
46:02one-sided
46:03narrative.
46:06As you
46:06can imagine,
46:07a lot of
46:07the time
46:07in the
46:08office was
46:09spent
46:09discussing
46:10what was
46:10really
46:10going on.
46:12I guess
46:14I first
46:15got really
46:15immersed in
46:16the Abraj
46:16data back
46:17in early
46:172018 on
46:19behalf of
46:20the Dubai
46:20Financial
46:21Services
46:21Authority,
46:22the local
46:23Dubai
46:23regulator.
46:24data for
46:30the regulator
46:31is still
46:31downloading
46:31the mailboxes
46:32and this
46:33partner
46:33appears
46:34in my
46:34office.
46:36It felt
46:36like he
46:37was shouting
46:37Blue
46:38Murder,
46:38saying,
46:39you must
46:39stop now.
46:40Stop what
46:40you're doing
46:41now.
46:41Aref doesn't
46:42want anybody
46:42else to
46:43see his
46:43information.
46:44then the
46:50news on
46:51Fund 4
46:51comes out
46:52that
46:55again
46:56investors
46:57are asking
46:58where is
46:58the money
46:58where is
46:59the money
46:59the money
47:01was not
47:02there.
47:03So guys
47:04I said
47:04what is
47:04this?
47:10The
47:11potential
47:12unauthorized
47:15drawings
47:16of 300
47:17million plus
47:18to
47:19Aref
47:19controlled
47:20vehicles
47:20I still
47:22find
47:22substantially
47:24astounding.
47:26So I'm
47:27an auditor
47:27by training.
47:29I remember
47:29literally
47:30my jaw
47:30dropped
47:31when the
47:32guys showed
47:32me the
47:33download
47:33from
47:34Aref's
47:35ledger
47:35is not
47:36only
47:37of the
47:37quantum
47:37of money
47:38that was
47:39withdrawn
47:39but also
47:40from the
47:40level of
47:41details
47:41from a
47:43shoeshine
47:43of 20
47:44dirhams
47:44all the
47:45way to
47:46the
47:47transfers
47:47to him
47:49or his
47:49companies
47:50of tens
47:50of millions
47:50of dollars.
47:52I have
47:52never
47:53stolen
47:54money
47:55from
47:55anyone.
48:03Transfers
48:03would be
48:04made
48:04made
48:04to
48:04the
48:05same
48:05vehicle
48:05controlled
48:06by
48:06our
48:06effort
48:06company
48:07called
48:07Silverline
48:08Holdings
48:08sometimes
48:09frequently
48:10in the
48:10same
48:10week.
48:11Money
48:12was
48:12being
48:12taken
48:12in
48:13and
48:14used
48:15for
48:15these
48:15corporate
48:15expenses
48:16and
48:16for
48:16personal
48:17gain
48:17when it
48:18was
48:18so
48:19tight
48:19right
48:21so
48:21tight
48:21and
48:22investor
48:23money
48:23couldn't
48:23be
48:23given
48:24back
48:24or
48:24investments
48:25couldn't
48:25be
48:25made
48:25that
48:25that's
48:26fundamentally
48:27what I
48:27still
48:28find
48:28I
48:29guess
48:29the
48:30most
48:30shocking
48:30about
48:30the
48:30Abraj
48:31story.
48:38There
48:38was a
48:39hole
48:39to be
48:39filled
48:40of
48:40around
48:40200
48:41million
48:41dollars.
48:42The
48:43money
48:43that
48:43plugged
48:44the
48:44hole
48:44for
48:44the
48:44healthcare
48:45fund
48:45came
48:45from
48:46Air
48:46Arabia.
48:47Arif
48:48was
48:48on
48:48the
48:48board
48:48of
48:48that
48:49company
48:49as
48:49well.
48:50An
48:50arrangement
48:50was
48:50struck
48:51with
48:51Air
48:51Arabia
48:51to
48:52place
48:52a
48:52short
48:52term
48:53deposit
48:53with
48:53Abraj.
48:54$200
48:55million
48:56was
48:56taken
48:56in.
48:58And
48:58our
48:59audited
48:59report
49:00said
49:00we
49:00had
49:00the
49:00money.
49:01It
49:02was
49:02then
49:02transferred
49:02directly
49:03from
49:03the
49:03fund
49:04bank
49:04account
49:04back
49:05to
49:05Air
49:05Arabia.
49:06In
49:06accounting
49:07and
49:07auditing
49:08standards
49:08this is
49:09what we
49:09call
49:09typically
49:10window
49:10dressing.
49:12Right?
49:13You
49:13dress
49:13the
49:13window
49:14for
49:14a
49:14certain
49:14occasion
49:15and
49:16then
49:16you
49:17strip
49:17it
49:17down.
49:18And
49:18I
49:18met
49:18with
49:19the
49:19auditors.
49:20And
49:20they
49:21are
49:21KPMG
49:21here
49:21just
49:22to
49:22make
49:23things
49:24I
49:24told
49:24them
49:24in
49:24my
49:25book
49:25or
49:26in
49:26anyone's
49:26book
49:27this
49:27is
49:27gross
49:27negligence.
49:30It
49:30was
49:30a
49:32machine
49:32designed
49:35to
49:37defraud
49:38people.
49:41Who
49:41designed
49:42that
49:42machine?
49:43Who
49:44do you
49:44think?
49:44I
49:44mean
49:44It
49:46borrowed
49:46money
49:46from
49:46airlines,
49:48banks,
49:49people.
49:50One
49:50of
49:51the
49:51lenders
49:51they
49:52said
49:53we
49:53want
49:53our
49:53money
49:53back.
49:54So
49:54Arif's
49:55yacht
49:55is
49:56put
49:56up
49:56for
49:56sale,
49:57various
49:58properties
49:58he
49:59owns,
50:00creditors
50:01wanted
50:01to be
50:02repaid.
50:03Abraj
50:04couldn't
50:04repay
50:05them,
50:05so
50:06that's
50:06what
50:06triggered
50:07Abraj
50:07having
50:08to file
50:08for
50:09a
50:09provisional
50:09liquidation.
50:10We'd
50:10grown
50:10fast,
50:11yeah,
50:12but we
50:12were destroyed
50:13even
50:13faster.
50:15Anonymous
50:16emails,
50:16negative
50:17news
50:17articles,
50:18they forced
50:19us into
50:19a civil
50:19liquidation
50:20process.
50:21The only
50:21thing
50:21you have
50:22in a business
50:24in the world
50:25of finance
50:25is your
50:25reputation.
50:26When that's
50:26gone,
50:27nothing else
50:27can really
50:29survive.
50:35The corporate
50:37response was
50:38nothing to see
50:39here,
50:39no involvement
50:40or fraud
50:41from either
50:41Arif or
50:42wider
50:43barrage
50:43perspective.
50:44I'm
50:50spending
50:51most
50:51of my
50:51time
50:52on
50:52this
50:53story.
50:54What
50:54has
50:55happened
50:55here
50:55is
50:55not
50:55public.
50:58No one
50:58ever found
50:59out who
50:59sent those
51:00anonymous
51:00emails,
51:01so we
51:02were looking
51:02for sources
51:03that could
51:04verify what
51:04the emails
51:05said.
51:06Simon
51:06found a
51:07new source
51:08who might
51:08have bank
51:09statements.
51:10and I
51:11probably
51:11reviewed
51:1280-85%
51:13of the
51:14records that
51:15exist for
51:15thousands of
51:16hours.
51:18Immersed in
51:19looking at the
51:20data and
51:21finding new
51:22things,
51:23what felt
51:23daily,
51:24I was very
51:25fearful of
51:25speaking to
51:26anybody in
51:27the media.
51:36I remember
51:37literally
51:37trembling.
51:39The
51:40atmosphere
51:40was very
51:40tense
51:41because there
51:42was a lot
51:42of steak.
51:43You had to
51:44put in quite
51:44a lot of
51:44work for
51:45the first
51:45half an
51:46hour to
51:46calm me
51:47down.
51:48I remember
51:48you consistently
51:49asking me,
51:50can I have a
51:51copy of
51:51that?
51:52Can I have
51:52a copy
51:52of that?
51:53There'd
51:53been lots
51:53of rumour
51:54and hearsay,
51:55but that's
51:55one thing,
51:56but actually
51:56seeing the
51:57evidence is
51:58something else
51:58altogether.
51:59I wouldn't
52:00say that I
52:00slept properly
52:01again for
52:02a good
52:04year or
52:04two.
52:07all this
52:10information
52:10went into
52:11the
52:11investigative
52:12feature.
52:20That
52:21meeting that
52:21Simon had
52:22with his
52:23source was
52:25crucial.
52:26I think that
52:27really elevates
52:28the story from
52:29being a badly
52:29run company
52:30to someone
52:30taking lots
52:31of money that
52:33you're not
52:33necessarily
52:33entitled to.
52:34Yes,
52:36private equity
52:37can help
52:38solve some
52:39of humanity's
52:39biggest
52:40problems,
52:41but in the
52:41Abraaj story,
52:43I was presented
52:43with a lot
52:44of evidence
52:44that it wasn't
52:45solving problems,
52:47it was making
52:48problems.
52:49problems.
53:04We'd written the
53:05story in
53:05October 2018
53:06and nothing
53:07had happened.
53:09We're hearing
53:10various rumours
53:11about Arif being
53:12in Pakistan,
53:14meeting with
53:14Imran Khan.
53:15I was a
53:18prime minister
53:18then.
53:19I began to
53:20realise that
53:21there were some
53:21problems taking
53:23place and I,
53:24of course,
53:25heard about
53:26these problems
53:26from Arif's
53:27point of view.
53:28Is this how
53:29finance works?
53:30Someone can
53:30basically just
53:31allegedly take
53:32a lot of
53:32money and
53:35then nothing
53:35happens to
53:36them?
53:37We didn't
53:37know that the
53:38US Department
53:39of Justice
53:39was preparing
53:40to pounce.
53:43We got the
53:44shock of our
53:44lives when we
53:45found that he
53:46had been
53:46arrested at
53:47Heathrow.
53:48I was
53:49shocked with
53:50the US
53:52response.
54:10The charges
54:11add up to
54:12291 years
54:13in jail.
54:14The US
54:15government did
54:16not want him
54:17to be granted
54:17bail.
54:18His initial
54:19requests were
54:20rejected until
54:22he offered
54:2415 million
54:25pounds, which
54:27at the time
54:27was the highest
54:28bail bond ever
54:29requested and
54:30granted.
54:32With the
54:32benefit of
54:33hindsight, one
54:35always has
54:3520-20 vision,
54:37right?
54:37Would you do
54:37some things
54:38differently?
54:38Of course you
54:39would.
54:39Would you have
54:40different people
54:41around you?
54:41Of course you
54:42would.
54:43But to be
54:43told that I
54:44masterminded a
54:45criminal conspiracy
54:46in enterprise,
54:46that's just
54:47wrong.
54:48And I
54:49categorically
54:50claim my
54:51innocence from
54:52those charges.
54:52I think criminal
54:59intent is the
55:00most difficult
55:01thing to prove
55:01in a court of
55:02law.
55:02I'm still
55:03hoping, as I
55:04say, that
55:04Arif has a
55:05last deal in
55:06him.
55:06He's a deal
55:07maker and I
55:09hope he does
55:10it.
55:10since lawyers
55:11want to keep
55:12the whole truth
55:13part for a
55:14legal podium.
55:16But it will
55:16certainly come
55:17out over time.
55:19At this
55:20moment in time
55:20where I find
55:21myself is that
55:22fear is
55:23feeding the
55:23anger.
55:25Now my
55:25anger sits
55:26with me.
55:27My fear
55:28sits with
55:28me.
55:29It sits
55:30on my
55:32sofa, my
55:34bedroom.
55:35My ankle
55:36bracelet is a
55:37constant reminder
55:38that I'm facing
55:39a tradition.
55:40We can talk
55:52about Arif
55:52Nakbi as long
55:53as we want.
55:54Hopefully he'll
55:55get whatever he
55:57deserves to get.
55:58But it wasn't
56:00him alone.
56:01He's part of
56:02directors.
56:03You know,
56:04where the fuck
56:05were you in
56:06front of him?
56:07You know,
56:08because ultimately
56:09I'm surprised
56:10they haven't been
56:10sued.
56:11I would sue
56:11them if I'd
56:12lost money.
56:13Without the
56:15enabling elements
56:16that surrounded
56:16him, it wouldn't
56:18have been
56:19possible.
56:20leave a
56:22and
56:22kill
56:23NO
56:26under
56:26ahh
56:27www.
56:30Most
56:31cool
56:31make
56:31them
56:32get
56:34you
56:34ready to
56:36walk
56:38into the
56:39control.
56:39We haveуль
56:39damages
56:39and
56:40keep
56:40home
56:41to
56:42you
56:42Jeśli
56:44must have
56:44you
56:46as
56:46a
56:47shitty
56:47Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
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