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Who Were the Vikings Really No, They Didn’t Wear Horns
History on the Run
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há 6 semanas
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00:00
Então, os vikings.
00:03
Você provavelmente vê-los em TV shows
00:06
com os homens, com os homens e com os homens
00:08
e com os homens como eles estão subindo
00:11
com os homens de um avião.
00:13
Spoiler, os homens são fake.
00:15
O escritório é opcional.
00:17
E a verdade é mais interessante.
00:20
Antes de começar,
00:21
me favor,
00:23
se inscreva no like e inscreva-se.
00:25
It ajuda a canal mais que Thor's hammer
00:28
ever could.
00:30
Seriously, YouTube's algorithm
00:31
is scarier than Odin
00:33
and clicking subscribe
00:34
keeps us from being banished
00:36
to algorithmic hell.
00:38
And while you're at it,
00:39
drop a comment telling me
00:41
where you're watching from.
00:43
Because nothing says
00:44
Global Viking Raid
00:46
like viewers from all over the world
00:49
conquering the comment section.
00:51
Alright, let's set sail.
00:54
Who were the Vikings really?
00:56
Farmers,
00:57
raiders,
00:58
explorers,
00:59
poets,
00:59
and occasionally
01:00
nightmare fuel
01:02
for medieval monks.
01:04
Let's find out.
01:05
The word Viking
01:06
conjures images
01:08
of dragon-headed ships,
01:10
axes flashing in sunlight,
01:13
and fierce warriors
01:14
charging ashore
01:15
to pillage monasteries.
01:17
But the truth
01:18
is far richer
01:19
than simple legend.
01:21
The Vikings were farmers,
01:23
craftsmen,
01:23
craftsmen,
01:24
explorers,
01:26
merchants,
01:27
poets,
01:27
and kings.
01:29
They built homes
01:30
of timber and turf,
01:32
worshipped gods
01:33
who walked among men
01:35
and sailed farther
01:36
than almost any people
01:38
of their age,
01:40
reaching from the icy shores
01:41
of Greenland
01:42
to the dazzling palaces
01:44
of Byzantium.
01:45
In this journey,
01:46
we'll explore
01:47
who the Vikings
01:48
really were.
01:49
their villages,
01:51
their daily life,
01:52
their gods,
01:53
their raids,
01:55
their trade networks,
01:56
and a legacy
01:57
they left behind.
01:59
To understand the Vikings,
02:01
we must begin at home.
02:03
Scandinavia
02:04
in the early Middle Ages
02:05
was a land of fjords,
02:08
forests,
02:08
and rocky soil.
02:10
Farming was possible,
02:12
but difficult.
02:13
Winters were long,
02:15
summers short,
02:16
and survival demanded
02:18
both hard work
02:19
and ingenuity.
02:21
Most Vikings lived
02:22
in small villages,
02:23
a cluster of longhouses
02:25
made of wood,
02:26
turf,
02:27
and stone.
02:28
Inside,
02:29
families lived communally,
02:31
with a central hearth
02:32
for warmth and cooking.
02:34
Smoke rose into rafters,
02:36
filling the hall
02:37
with a heavy scent
02:38
of fire and wool.
02:40
Life revolved around farming,
02:42
barley,
02:43
rye,
02:44
and oats grew in fields,
02:45
while livestock
02:46
provided milk,
02:48
meat,
02:48
and hides.
02:50
Fishing supplemented
02:51
the diet,
02:52
and hunting added variety.
02:55
Women managed households,
02:57
weaving cloth,
02:58
preparing food,
02:59
and overseeing supplies.
03:01
Men worked fields,
03:03
raised animals,
03:04
and,
03:05
when the opportunity came,
03:06
set sail.
03:08
Yet both roles were vital,
03:10
and women in Viking society
03:12
had rights unusual
03:13
for the time.
03:14
They could own property,
03:16
inherit land,
03:17
and even divorce their husbands,
03:19
if mistreated.
03:20
Of course,
03:21
what set the Vikings apart in memory
03:24
is their role as warriors.
03:26
The first great shock came in 793,
03:31
when raiders struck the monastery
03:33
of Lindisfarne in England.
03:36
To Christian monks,
03:37
it was an apocalypse.
03:39
Men with strange accents,
03:41
flashing axes,
03:42
and dragon-proud ships
03:44
came from the sea,
03:45
looting and killing
03:46
before vanishing
03:48
as quickly as they appeared.
03:49
Such raids spread fear
03:52
across Europe.
03:54
Churches,
03:55
towns,
03:55
and even cities
03:57
trembled at the sight
03:58
of striped sails
03:59
on the horizon.
04:00
Yet the Vikings
04:01
were not mindless marauders.
04:04
Raiding was a calculated risk,
04:06
quick, targeted strikes
04:08
on places with wealth,
04:10
but little defense.
04:12
Monasteries were prime targets,
04:14
filled with treasure,
04:15
yet unguarded.
04:16
Their weapons were simple,
04:17
but effective spears,
04:20
axes,
04:20
and swords.
04:22
Their armor was often leather or mail,
04:25
with round wooden shields
04:26
forming the famous shield wall.
04:28
Helmets were plain and practical,
04:30
the horned helmets
04:31
of modern imagination
04:33
are a later myth.
04:34
And among their warriors
04:36
were the legendary berserkers,
04:38
men who fought in frenzy,
04:41
wearing bear or wolf skins,
04:43
said to be immune to pain.
04:46
Whether through ritual,
04:47
substances,
04:48
or sheer will,
04:50
their ferocity terrified opponents.
04:53
But the Vikings
04:53
were not only destroyers,
04:56
they were also builders,
04:58
traders,
04:59
and settlers.
05:01
Their ships,
05:02
masterpieces of design,
05:04
allowed them to sail across oceans
05:06
and slip up rivers.
05:08
A shallow draft
05:09
let them beach directly on shore,
05:12
or travel inland
05:14
far beyond
05:15
what other ships could reach.
05:16
This mobility
05:18
meant they could appear
05:19
anywhere
05:20
from the coasts of Ireland
05:22
to the heart of Russia.
05:24
Trade was just as vital
05:26
as raiding.
05:27
Viking merchants
05:28
carried furs,
05:30
amber,
05:31
iron,
05:32
and walrus ivory
05:33
to markets
05:34
across Europe and Asia.
05:36
In return,
05:37
they brought home
05:38
silver,
05:39
silk,
05:39
spices,
05:40
and glass beads.
05:41
archaeologists
05:43
have found
05:43
Arabic coins
05:44
buried in Scandinavian soil,
05:47
proof that Viking trade routes
05:49
stretched all the way
05:51
to the Islamic world.
05:53
Some even served as mercenaries.
05:56
In Constantinople,
05:57
Norsemen joined
05:58
the Varangian Guard,
06:00
the elite bodyguard
06:01
of the Byzantine Emperor.
06:03
Their loyalty
06:04
and ferocity
06:05
earned them honor
06:06
in the most dazzling city
06:08
of the Middle Ages.
06:10
Many Vikings
06:11
did not return home.
06:13
Instead,
06:14
they settled abroad.
06:15
In Ireland,
06:16
they founded towns
06:17
like Dublin,
06:18
which began
06:19
as Viking bases
06:20
but grew
06:21
into thriving cities.
06:23
In England,
06:24
they carved out
06:25
the Danelaw,
06:26
a region of Norse control
06:27
that left deep marks
06:29
on the English language.
06:30
In France,
06:31
a Viking leader
06:32
named Rollo
06:33
was granted land
06:35
along the Seine,
06:36
and thus
06:37
was born Normandy,
06:39
the land of the Northmen.
06:41
To the east,
06:42
Vikings sailed rivers
06:43
into Russia,
06:45
founding towns
06:45
that became
06:46
Novgorod and Kiev.
06:48
They mixed with
06:49
Slavic peoples,
06:50
creating dynasties
06:52
that gave their name
06:53
to the land,
06:54
Rus,
06:55
the root of Russia.
06:56
To the west,
06:57
they went even farther.
07:00
Norse settlers
07:00
colonized Iceland,
07:02
then Greenland,
07:03
and around the year 1000,
07:05
Leif Erikson
07:07
sailed across the Atlantic
07:08
and landed in Vinland,
07:11
part of modern-day
07:12
North America.
07:13
Five centuries
07:14
before Columbus,
07:16
Viking explorers
07:17
had touched
07:17
another continent.
07:19
At the heart
07:20
of Viking culture
07:21
was their religion.
07:23
They worshipped gods
07:24
who were powerful
07:25
yet flawed,
07:27
destined one day
07:28
to die.
07:29
Odin,
07:30
the All-Father,
07:31
gave his eye
07:32
for wisdom.
07:33
Thor,
07:34
with hammer in hand,
07:36
protected gods
07:37
and men
07:38
from giants.
07:40
Freya,
07:41
goddess of love,
07:42
took half the slain
07:44
to her hall.
07:45
Loki,
07:46
cunning trickster,
07:47
wove chaos
07:48
into every tale.
07:50
The cosmos
07:51
was bound together
07:52
by Yggdrasil,
07:53
the Great World Tree,
07:55
linking nine realms,
07:56
Asgard of the Gods,
07:58
Midgard of Men,
08:00
Hell of the Dead,
08:01
and many others.
08:03
Fate was inescapable.
08:05
Even the gods
08:06
would perish
08:07
in Ragnarok,
08:08
the twilight
08:09
of the world,
08:10
when fire and frost
08:12
consumed all.
08:13
Yet this was not despair.
08:16
From destruction
08:17
would rise renewal,
08:19
a new world,
08:20
green and fertile,
08:22
where survivors
08:23
would begin again.
08:25
For a people
08:26
who lived
08:27
on the edge
08:27
of survival,
08:28
this vision
08:29
of cycles,
08:30
hardship,
08:31
death,
08:32
and rebirth
08:33
resonated deeply.
08:35
Everyday life
08:36
was filled
08:37
with smaller beliefs.
08:38
Two,
08:39
amulets of Thor's hammer
08:40
for protection,
08:42
runes carved for luck,
08:43
omens read in dreams,
08:45
and raven's flight.
08:47
Religion was not
08:48
confined to temples.
08:49
It was lived daily,
08:51
in fields,
08:52
in ships,
08:53
in stories by the fire.
08:55
The Viking Age
08:56
did not last forever.
08:58
By the 11th century,
09:00
several forces
09:01
brought it to an end.
09:02
Christianity spread
09:04
across Scandinavia,
09:06
replacing the old gods
09:07
with the cross.
09:09
Kings consolidated power,
09:11
turning raiders
09:12
into subjects,
09:13
warriors into farmers,
09:15
and taxpayers.
09:16
And Europe itself
09:18
grew stronger.
09:19
Castles,
09:20
cavalry,
09:21
and organized kingdoms
09:23
meant that raiding
09:24
was no longer easy.
09:26
The energy
09:27
that had driven
09:28
the Vikings outward
09:29
now turned inward.
09:32
Scandinavia
09:33
became part
09:34
of Christian Europe.
09:36
Its people,
09:36
farmers,
09:37
merchants,
09:38
and kings,
09:39
rather than raiders.
09:41
The age of dragon-proud ships
09:43
faded into memory.
09:45
And yet,
09:46
the Vikings
09:47
never disappeared.
09:48
Their words
09:49
remain in languages.
09:51
Sky,
09:52
window,
09:53
husband,
09:54
law.
09:55
Their place names
09:56
still dot maps.
09:58
York from Jorvik,
09:59
Normandy from Northmen,
10:01
Dublin from North settlers.
10:04
Their myths
10:04
still inspire novels,
10:07
films,
10:07
and art.
10:08
Their descendants
10:09
shaped nations
10:11
from Norman kings
10:12
in England
10:13
to Varangian guards
10:14
in Byzantium.
10:16
The Viking Age
10:17
ended.
10:17
But the Viking spirit
10:19
of daring,
10:21
exploration,
10:22
and endurance
10:23
still captures imagination.
10:27
They remind us
10:28
that even in the harshest lands,
10:30
people dreamed of horizons
10:32
and dared to sail beyond them.
10:35
The Vikings
10:35
were not just raiders.
10:38
They were farmers,
10:39
traders,
10:41
poets,
10:42
explorers,
10:42
and kings.
10:44
They left scars on Europe,
10:46
but also cities,
10:48
stories,
10:48
and legacies
10:49
that endure.
10:50
If you enjoyed this journey
10:52
into their world,
10:53
don't forget to like this video,
10:56
subscribe to the channel,
10:57
and leave a comment.
10:58
Which part of Viking history
11:00
fascinates you most?
11:03
The fierce raids,
11:04
the daring voyages,
11:06
or the myths of gods and giants?
11:08
Thank you for watching,
11:09
and until next time,
11:11
may your own journeys
11:12
like the Vikings
11:13
always find new horizons.
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