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00:00So
00:30Dinosaurs have long haunted our imagination, but much of what we knew about dinosaurs is
00:41wrong.
00:43Now, a revolution in science has transformed their story, forcing us to look at dinosaurs
00:54in revolutionary new ways.
00:56The way science was conducted in dinosaurs for most of the 20th century versus what it
01:02is for the last 40 years is night and day, radically different.
01:06And in the process of being reinvented, dinosaurs have been supercharged.
01:11For at least 150 to 160 million years, dinosaurs were one of the dominant living animals.
01:21There were giant predators in the sky.
01:25There were tremendous predators on land.
01:29There were animals you might be trying to eat with huge horns, armor, clubs.
01:35So one of the fundamental questions about dinosaurs is why did they do so well?
01:41They may have survived by hunting in packs, growing their own body armor, and seeing their world
01:50in ways that we never before imagined.
01:57Welcome to the dinosaur revolution.
01:59Welcome to the dinosaur revolution.
02:04coal-Eyâjos have been continued to be koş Saved Road to divide that into death.
02:15This has changed and nothing is intended, economically awakens, 끼-yâcee-yâcee-yâcee-yâcese-yâcee-yâcese-yâcee-yâcee-yâcee-yâcee-yâcee-yâcese-yâcee-yâcee-yâcee-yâcee-yâcee-yâcee-yâcee-yâcee.
02:16One hundred twenty-five million years ago.
02:17125 million years ago, the early Cretaceous, large seropods like Cedarasaurus migrate across
02:39the landscape in search of food and water.
02:47Like many giant herbivores, these Cedarasaurus travel in herds where youngsters can be protected
03:02by their massive elders.
03:07But there are bandits on this highway, Utahraptors, major predators.
03:26No!
03:33What they lack in size, they may have made up for in carefully
04:03coordinated attacks.
04:04No!
04:05No!
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04:22No.
04:23Let's go.
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11:47Lajungasaurus, top-of-the-line predator.
12:17Two baby majungasaurus.
12:36Lajungasaurus.
12:48Lajungasaurus, top-of-the-line predator.
13:00Lajungasaurus, top-of-the-line predator.
13:12Lajungasaurus, top-of-the-line predator.
13:16Lajungasaurus, top-of-the-line predator.
13:28Lajungasaurus, top-of-the-line predator.
13:32Lajungasaurus, top-of-the-line predator.
13:48Beelzebufo, also known as the Devil Frog.
14:00The largest known frog to ever hop the Earth.
14:04Lajungasaurus, top-of-the-line predator.
14:18Lajungasaurus, top-of-the-line predator.
14:24Oh, my God.
14:54We talk about the Mesozoic as the age of dinosaurs, but it's more than that, because there are other groups that are successful then, too.
15:11The dinosaur revolution has also uncovered a cast of supporting characters that defy belief.
15:18Beelzebufo is a giant frog that our group discovered on the island of Madagascar, and we found bones over a period of years, bits and pieces, and finally gathered enough to put together most of an animal.
15:31It turns out to be the largest known frog.
15:34It's closest relatives are these things in South America called Pac-Man frogs, which will eat just about anything that can fit in their mouth.
15:42And with a frog the size of Beelzebufo, it would have been big enough to snack on a small dinosaur.
15:46Could it eat dinosaurs? Perhaps.
15:50Small hatchling-sized dinosaurs?
15:53Beelzebufo was in the size range, you know, weighing about 10 pounds or something, that it could have consumed a dinosaur.
15:59Now that's pretty bizarre to think about a frog eating a dinosaur, but Beelzebufo is in the size range where that was a feasible behavior.
16:07It was, you know, about yay big, so this is not a toad you want to mess with, let's put it that way.
16:15One thing the dinosaur revolution has taught us is that dinosaurs were by no means simple, dumb animals.
16:23There's a famous quote from Albert Einstein, he said, everything should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler.
16:29And we've spent a lot of decades making dinosaurs, I think, too simple, and we've learned that they're considerably more complex.
16:38Dinosaurs may have learned from their environment and their own kind.
16:43We often associate brain size with intelligence.
16:47Brains are probably overrated.
16:49You don't need to have a big brain to have complex behavior.
16:53They may have also been able to see the world in far more vivid ways than previously realized.
16:59Dinosaurs almost certainly had the bird-like eyes that could see so much intensity of color, far more than mammals like us have.
17:09And if they could look at their world and learn, the better chance they would have to survive.
17:14For danger came in all colors, shapes, and sizes.
17:19One hundred sixty million years ago, in China, long-necked herbivores saw the beginning of their golden age.
17:35This is Shunasaurus.
17:37Like many plant-eaters, they may have lived in groups.
17:47And they may have lived in groups.
17:49One hundred sixty million years ago, they may have lived in groups.
17:49Anjorden, the wizard on their bedroom, przypad path of the end of Tamyrus.
17:51$9000.
17:54The snake continent has been filled with people to see by the bistroánts and dangers to exist in cases on ancient Greece.
18:11And the deadly of the枝, the tower naturale happened to all the people in regions where they hadось eyes.
18:13No!
18:43No!
19:13No!
19:15No!
19:17I'm not going to die!
19:19No!
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20:05Predators like Synraptor can sense weakness.
20:11No!
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20:41Oh, my God.
21:11Let's go.
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26:29Under a Jurassic moon, another early mammal is on the hunt.
26:43Velaticotherium isn't really a flying squirrel, but it looks and acts like one.
26:59Oh, my God!
27:14Oh, my God!
27:17Oh, my God.
27:47Oh, my God.
28:17This is still the golden age of the dinosaur.
28:47Oh, my God.
29:17This will one day rule the earth.
29:19In this case, with a little help from some neighboring reptiles.
29:31One of the most common and durable of dinosaurs was Protoceratops, a creature equipped with
29:45some very effective tools for survival.
29:47Protoceratops, at first glance, because it doesn't have any horns, looks like it'd be a pretty
29:53wimpy animal.
29:54But at the end of its skull, it had this beak.
29:56And although this beak was probably usually used for, you know, nipping off plants that
30:00it would have eaten, certainly it would have used it against a predator if it had to.
30:04I mean, this thing's razor sharp.
30:05But like all animals, a Protoceratops was defenseless when it was young.
30:12A baby Protoceratops left on its own is going to be dead after not very long.
30:17So, it's going to look for its relatives out there in order to survive.
30:23It might latch on to a single individual.
30:26But even better would be to latch on to a herd.
30:29But a herd may not be an easy thing to find, especially if you are a recent orphan.
30:34Seventy-five million years ago, the Gobi Desert.
30:54Protoceratops often travel in herds.
30:57So, an old solitary bull is a rare sight on the plains of Cretaceous Mongolia.
31:27What do you recognize?
31:39What do you mean, are you going to do this inside the quarrel?
31:46Is for people because of everyone being mar spat on theuges?
31:51Ah…
31:53Ha ha ha..
31:54Oh, my God.
32:24So many crickets.
32:26Oh!
32:28Ho!
32:34Ho!
32:36Ho!
32:38Ho!
32:40Ho!
32:42Ho!
32:44Ho!
32:46Oh, my God.
33:16Oh, my God.
33:46Oh, my God.
34:16Oh, my God.
34:46Oh, my God.
35:16Oh, my God.
35:46Oh, my God.
36:16Oh, my God.
36:46Oh, my God.
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37:46Oh, my God.
38:16Oh, my God.
38:46Oh, my God.
39:15Oh, my God.
39:45Oh, my God.
40:15Oh, my God.
40:45Oh, my God.
41:15Oh, my God.
41:45Oh, my God.
42:15Oh, my God.
42:45Oh, my God.
43:15Oh, my God.
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