00:00Vous devez déjà savoir que l'elephants sont large et majestiques,
00:09mais l'extérieur de leur size et de leur intelligence peut vous surprisez.
00:14L'elephants sont le plus grand vivant de l'animal.
00:19En average, les africains sont à l'intérieur de 10 mètres à l'intérieur de l'autre et de 18,000 lbs.
00:28Le largest elephant in recorded history, however,
00:32was 13 feet tall and weighed about 24,000 lbs.
00:39To sustain this massive size,
00:43an adult elephant has to consume an enormous amount,
00:47up to 50 gallons of water and about 220 pounds of food,
00:53or approximately 70,000 calories every day.
00:58Elephants' size, however, end up restricting their movement.
01:04While they can walk and swim,
01:06elephants are one of the few mammals that can't jump.
01:10Their legs are too slender to propel their enormous weight upward.
01:16Plus, elephants don't have any spring in their legs
01:19since they stand on their toes.
01:22Elephants are intelligent creatures.
01:28One sign of their intellect is their ability to recognize themselves in a mirror.
01:33The only other animals capable of doing this
01:36are humans, great apes, dolphins, and magpies.
01:42Intelligence is also found in elephants' ability to problem-solve with tools,
01:47but probably the most well-known form of elephant intelligence
01:50is their superb memory.
01:53As they migrate from place to place throughout their lives,
01:56elephants can remember locations of water sources
01:59along their migration routes.
02:04Elephants are the only living animals with long trunks.
02:10Trunks, which are a combination of a nose and upper lip,
02:14can be heavy and powerful.
02:18They contain about 150,000 muscle units
02:22and can weigh nearly 300 pounds.
02:25While an elephant's trunk can lift objects nearly twice its size,
02:29it's also adept at picking up small objects.
02:33Flap-like projections on the end of a trunk
02:36are precise enough to pick up individual berries or leaves.
02:40Outside of grasping, elephants also use their trunks
02:43to greet and reassure one another.
02:46They may intertwine their trunks
02:47or touch the face of other elephants to show affection.
02:53Elephant tusks are essentially giant teeth.
02:58Much like human teeth,
03:00elephant tusks are made of a material called dentine.
03:04The major difference is that elephant dentine
03:06has a diamond pattern that makes it super strong
03:09and gives it luster.
03:11Young elephants even go through a set of baby teeth,
03:13but theirs include baby tusks.
03:16They fall out after about a year
03:18and are replaced with a permanent set
03:20that can grow six feet long and weigh 50 pounds each.
03:26Unfortunately, elephants have been
03:28illegally hunted for their tusks.
03:31Demand for ivory products, which are made from tusks,
03:35has caused elephant populations to decline.
03:41African elephants are not endangered,
03:43but their Asian cousins are.
03:47African elephants are listed as vulnerable,
03:50and some countries in southern Africa
03:52are even experiencing an overpopulation
03:54of African elephants.
03:57Asian elephant populations have decreased immensely.
04:01The species' habitat once stretched across Asia
04:04from Syria to northern China.
04:07But today, they only exist in isolated pockets
04:10between India and Indonesia.
04:13Habitat fragmentation, poaching for ivory,
04:16and conflict with local farmers
04:19are all factors that put elephant populations at risk.
04:24But by studying the complicated nature of conservation,
04:27we can come closer to finding a way
04:29that both people and elephants,
04:32with their exceptional intelligence
04:34and larger-than-life presence,
04:37can peacefully co-exist.
04:39.
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05:06.
