- kemarin
Kategori
🛠️
Gaya hidupTranskrip
00:00Terima kasih telah menonton!
00:30Terima kasih telah menonton!
01:00So, hold on. Do you remember what you've just seen?
01:03On the show this time, we find out how our memories work and how to boost them.
01:08Welcome to In Good Shape.
01:10Hello, my name is Brain.
01:26I can remember thousands of things, but to make sure I don't forget what I've learned,
01:31keep in mind, information only stays with me if it leaves a memory trace.
01:36A memory trace is something that's created as soon as you start to encode something.
01:43And when you start to encode something, a chain is set in motion at the synapse level,
01:47that is, at the molecular level of the brain, through what's called long-term potentiation.
01:53That's how memory is actually formed. That's the memory trace.
01:56I really need to concentrate on the subject matter that I'm learning.
02:03The very presence of a cell phone distracts me and ties up some of my capacity.
02:08So, get rid of it!
02:09It can be more effective to study in a quiet room with as few other distractions as possible,
02:17instead of at the library.
02:19That way, I can focus on the essentials.
02:23If your attention is focused on multiple things, the effect you want to have,
02:27for example, while learning, is significantly diminished
02:30because you can't use your full capacity in terms of attention.
02:33I learn most effectively when several impressions are linked together.
02:43When I learn on a screen, I only have the written word.
02:48With a book, I have additional input, what the paper feels like,
02:53and where the information is located, for example, at the top right of the page.
02:57Making handwritten notes or drawing a diagram of the learning material
03:04engages different senses and creates additional memory traces.
03:10People who can memorize huge amounts of material construct stories that build on one another.
03:15They make a semantic framework around the content they're memorizing.
03:19If they're learning vocabulary and they're only learning verbs,
03:21it's much tougher than if they're also memorizing nouns and adjectives
03:25and building them into a story.
03:27Another important point, repetition.
03:31Memory traces only become strong and lasting if you review the subject matter the next day,
03:36whether vocabulary, facts, or formulas.
03:42It's known that people forget the most by far within the first 24 hours.
03:4650% of everything we learn will be forgotten in the next 24 hours.
03:50That means, if you want to consolidate your learning or review it
03:54so you have it for a longer time,
03:56meaning create a permanent memory trace and long-term memory,
04:00then repetition will improve the effect.
04:03For this to work well, I need vitamins and minerals,
04:10but most of all, lots of carbohydrates and amino acids and enough sleep.
04:17My curiosity is boundless, so keep learning new things.
04:21That'll protect me from forgetfulness and dementia well into old age.
04:26One mnemonic device is said to have its origins in ancient Greece.
04:33According to legend, a poet left a palace after giving a recital,
04:38and soon after that, the building collapsed, burying all those present.
04:42The poet was able to help identify all the victims
04:47by recalling who had sat where at the event.
04:50Whether this really happened is up for debate,
04:53but linking places, stories, terms, and phrases
04:56can certainly help us memorize things.
05:01This part of northern Germany is home to Jürgen Peterson,
05:05a grandmaster of memory who originally planned to be a farmer.
05:09The first thing I did was learn the names of 200 countries
05:14and their capitals while milking the cows.
05:17That was my first big challenge.
05:19And the fact that it worked on the first attempt was great.
05:21I had to milk the cows anyway.
05:23I can still name the countries and their capitals today.
05:28According to the 57-year-old,
05:30getting one's grey matter up to speed
05:32is just a question of using the proper method.
05:35You can learn the names of US presidents on your body,
05:38my feet are iron plates.
05:40I hit the floor with them.
05:42Iron is Eisen in German and hitting Hauen,
05:44so Eisenhower.
05:45Then my knees, they see each other
05:47and one says, do I know you?
05:48In German, kenn ich dich, so Kennedy.
05:51In one pocket is John Lennon
05:53and in the other his son, so Johnson.
05:58And then we have a mermaid's tail
05:59in German, a nixer Richard Nixon.
06:02It needs to be something remarkable, not boring.
06:04This class is going to learn how to do it.
06:09Put both fists together in front of your face
06:12and look at them from above.
06:13This is roughly how big your brain is.
06:16And this morning I'd like to show you
06:17what you can do with it.
06:21Memory training is already a standard feature
06:23in schools in some countries,
06:25but it's relatively new in Germany.
06:27In the location or loci method,
06:30pupils are asked to build a route through the classroom,
06:32linking the strange with the familiar.
06:36Imagine there's a big stick in position one
06:38and a second one here.
06:40Here, instead of the pillar,
06:42there's a huge pipe.
06:44There's pus coming out of this zero,
06:46pus and blood out of this double zero.
06:48The bog body is sliding down the door here,
06:51cold and wet.
06:52What we've just learned isn't nonsense,
06:54it's the ten native duck species
06:56you'd have to learn for a hunting exam.
06:58The students go on to list them all correctly.
07:08I thought it was pretty useful
07:10because it really works.
07:13I like the fact that you can remember more things
07:15with these mnemonic devices,
07:17that you have to think outside the box.
07:19I found it really funny
07:24to keep linking different things.
07:26When you'd linked different things
07:27and then went through them,
07:28sometimes you really had to smile.
07:33I think it's a really good idea,
07:35especially when you take subjects
07:36where you have to learn terms
07:38like biology or physics.
07:40It makes a lot of sense
07:41to keep practicing it
07:42and it also trains your memory.
07:44Students can cut their cramming time down
07:49by about 80%
07:50simply by using the method
07:51they've just learned.
07:53What's more,
07:53it doesn't require talent,
07:55just a little practice.
07:59I'm very average
08:00and that's why I find this so fascinating
08:03because I would never have believed
08:05I could do something like this.
08:07If someone had told me at 18
08:09that I could memorize a thousand numbers,
08:11I would never have thought
08:12that was possible.
08:14You bet it's possible.
08:17With a bit of training,
08:18just about anyone can have a memory
08:20like an elephant.
08:25Elephants really do have
08:26amazingly good memories.
08:28They can retain some things for decades.
08:31They recognize other members
08:32of the same species
08:33and even people they've had contact with.
08:36They also remember watering holes
08:38and other important places
08:40and can reliably find their way back to them.
08:43Eurasian jays are another species
08:46with impressive recall.
08:48They know exactly where they've hidden their supplies,
08:51even when everything is suddenly covered in snow.
08:55Elephants and jays retain all the information
08:58that's vital for their survival.
09:00In the past, memory was thought of as something like this.
09:09A drawer in the brain
09:11where everything you learn and experience
09:12is stored and retrieved when needed.
09:15But there's no such thing as a single drawer
09:19or memory.
09:20Our memory is made up of many different systems.
09:25Our short-term memory serves as a kind of entryway for our memories.
09:30It stores information for just a few seconds to a few minutes.
09:33Everything that we remember for longer
09:35has to pass through a crucial switching point in the brain,
09:38the hippocampus.
09:41This is where information is filtered,
09:43evaluated and compared with previously stored memories.
09:47If new information is important enough,
09:49it's transferred to our long-term memory
09:51in the cerebral cortex.
09:53Our long-term memory stores different types of memories
09:58in different systems.
10:00Certain skills or tasks we've learned
10:02are filed into our procedural memory.
10:06Once we've learned how to ride a bike, for example,
10:10we don't need to consciously think about it.
10:15The cerebellum is especially important
10:18to this form of memory.
10:23Another form of long-term memory
10:25is known as perceptual memory.
10:28This is where we keep everything we've recognized
10:30as a rule or pattern.
10:32For example, that dogs are different than cats.
10:35Or that summer landscapes are different than winter ones.
10:41The cerebral cortex is where these basic patterns are stored.
10:46Factual knowledge is stored in our explicit
10:49or declarative memory.
10:50For example, that Beijing is the capital of China.
10:53or that Albert Einstein came up with the theory of relativity.
10:57In most people, this kind of learned knowledge
11:00is mainly processed in the left hemisphere,
11:02where key areas linked to speech and language are located.
11:06And then there's the autobiographical memory,
11:08where our own personal experiences and history are stored,
11:12like our first day at school,
11:14our first kiss,
11:17or other less pleasant events.
11:20Memories of situations that are emotionally meaningful
11:24tend to be stored here for a long time.
11:29Autobiographical memory is especially complex,
11:31involving several parts of the brain working in sync.
11:35So our memories are contained in various systems,
11:38and we don't just have a single kind of memory,
11:41but many.
11:41We all have a single heart of the brain working in case by
12:07Terima kasih telah menonton
12:37Terima kasih telah menonton
13:07Terima kasih telah menonton
13:37Karena dalam ketulusan ada keindahan
13:40Saksikan dan rasakan di ketulusan hati
13:45Berita satu bersatu menginspirasi
13:49Sebuah langkah progresif dari B-Universe
14:13Yang menunjukkan semangat baru dan harapan akan masa depan
14:16Yang optimis
14:17B-Universe menyajikan tampilan baru lewat studio
14:21Yang akan digunakan untuk memproduksi konten
14:24Mulai dari konten berita, informasi hingga hiburan
14:28Dengan ini, B-Universe akan terus bertumbuh
14:31Dan berinovasi dalam menyajikan informasi yang positif dan inspiratif
14:35Terima kasih telah menonton
15:05Blackboards have given way to interactive whiteboards
15:08And other modern tech has moved in too
15:10Although it's still down to students to do the learning
15:13Digital resources have a lot to offer
15:16Daniel Jung has made it his mission to make understanding math easy and fun
15:23The YouTuber is passionate about transforming education
15:27We need to get schools in Germany digitalized now
15:33If we don't, we'll be left behind worldwide
15:35We need to step on the gas when it comes to digital learning and teaching
15:39My name is Daniel Jung
15:42And I'm best known as the man in front of the whiteboard
15:45Who helps millions of people with my math videos
15:48Exactly 400 love math
15:53Daniel is a successful math YouTuber
15:58With his explainer videos he turns the subject which many hate
16:03Into something cool and helps them pass exams
16:06I want to find out exactly how he manages to get so many people excited about it
16:11Today I'm going analog for once
16:15Because the community always asks me
16:17When can we meet you in person
16:19Maybe do some math problems
16:20Take photos
16:21Do you lot watch Daniel's videos at home?
16:28Ah, okay, your teachers send links to you
16:31Close the brackets, now someone else's turn
16:35When I was revising for my high school diploma last year
16:40There were some topics I didn't get
16:41The videos are super helpful
16:43And the video format means you're learning alone
16:46There are no distractions from classmates
16:48Thanks to you I managed to pass my math exam on the third go
16:53I watched a lot of your videos and you really helped me a lot
16:56With Daniel's videos students can focus on what they need to learn
17:02But he wants to take the next step
17:04The education of the future shouldn't be location dependent
17:08I believe that's finally possible but there's still a lot of potential left to explore
17:14It all started on the tennis court
17:18I was coaching tennis and many people said
17:23Hey, you're good at math too, how about math tutoring?
17:26And in those early days I really did go from the tennis court to my closet
17:30To produce the first videos
17:31And the demand is high
17:36According to one study, 47% of young people in Germany between the ages of 12 and 19
17:43Use explainer videos for learning, including for topics covered at school
17:48Daniel has become something of a math hero for many in Germany
17:57His videos are free to watch
17:59Instead his company earns money through clicks and advertising partners
18:03But I place a great deal of emphasis on authentic collaborations
18:09That means I work with institutions or companies that really want to make a difference in education
18:14Especially ones that are helping digitalize schools
18:17Daniel records around 10 to 15 short videos each week
18:240 to 1000
18:25Ungefähr by 300
18:27How come your videos enable so many students to understand formulas like these?
18:36Feedback suggests it's because they're always available
18:43The explanations are simple, they don't last hours
18:46And many people have little gaps in their knowledge
18:48Which don't get filled as they move on through school
18:50And a simple explanation can close the gap
18:53And they're available at any time
18:55Daniel posts his videos on a number of different platforms
19:03All of which are commercially driven
19:07YouTube, TikTok, Instagram are all social media platforms based on advertising
19:14Why have you chosen to be on those?
19:16If we avoid social media, we'll lose the kids because that's where they are
19:20So we need to meet them where they are with great content that's focused on learning
19:23Daniel believes there's an urgent need for an alternative to social media platforms
19:30He's working on a learning platform for Germany
19:33Where explainer videos made by experts are available for all school subjects
19:37Free of charge and accessible to everyone
19:40My vision is to have all schools networked on one platform
19:46Especially so that teachers have more time to focus on teaching their pupils
19:49Daniel is also an inspiration for young student teachers
19:55He's regularly asked to speak at events
19:57Including university conferences
20:01He shares his conviction about the need for an interdisciplinary learning platform
20:07Many kids turn to YouTube for help with math, physics, etc
20:15And they're faced with a lot of advertising and distractions
20:17We could do away with that
20:19We're onboarding many professors with material we can trust
20:23Daniel aims to make more high quality educational content available online
20:29So that young people can learn anytime, anywhere
20:32Assuming everything has gone okay during the revision stage
20:38There's just one more key hurdle to overcome
20:40Accessing what you've learned during the actual exam
20:44For that it can be helpful to know what happens to us before and during an examination
20:49And how to combat nerves
20:51Oh no I'm not gonna make it
20:58I need some sleep
20:59But what if I fail the exam
21:01Does any of this sound familiar
21:05Well college life is no joke
21:09You want to perform your best
21:11But often it's hard to stay focused and disciplined all the time
21:15But it is possible to beat the college stress and ace your exams
21:22Let's explore the science behind that
21:25Stress hits students all over the world
21:35And numbers seem to have increased
21:37For example, two out of five college students suffer from anxiety
21:41One in three even from depressive symptoms
21:44COVID has had its own part to play here
21:47But stress per se is not bad
21:52It can make us do well in exams
21:54Stress ramps up our body and mind in important or dangerous situations
21:59It increases hormones like adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol
22:04Which speed up our heart and improve our concentration
22:07Our body has been doing this for centuries to cope with dangerous and important situations
22:15It's called the fight or flight response
22:18But when stress hormones reach very high levels
22:21The system tips
22:23And then performance and concentration decrease
22:28Typical signs and symptoms of high stress levels
22:31Can be a pounding heart, headache, nausea and poor sleep
22:35And problems concentrating
22:37In extreme cases, stress can trigger anxiety
22:40That can make you go completely blank in tests
22:43So why does it feel like anxiety swallows your knowledge?
22:50When fear dominates
22:52Parts of our brain's communication pathways can get blocked
22:56We can't recall anything we've learned
22:59Even though the information is stored in our brain
23:02Because when stress hormones are high
23:05Our brain's control center right behind the forehead
23:07The prefrontal cortex stops regulating our thinking and emotions
23:11As it usually does
23:13Instead, older parts like the amygdala
23:16The center for emotions and compulsive behavior
23:19Take over and what we feel is fear
23:21All of us feel a little nervous before a test
23:26That's normal
23:27But besides from being well prepared
23:30Another important factor is how and what you think in a stressful situation
23:35Thoughts like, I'm a bit nervous but that's okay
23:39Can actually calm you down
23:41But thoughts like, I'll never make it, I'll fail
23:46Set off a vicious cycle of fear and rising stress hormones
23:50The good thing is, you can do something about it
23:56The bad thing, you might have to change some general habits in your life
24:01One important aspect is taking breaks
24:05Even if you are under time pressure
24:07In general, everything that relaxes the body and mind
24:11Helps with stress and anxiety
24:13There are some scientifically proven methods that really work
24:17Studies have shown the benefits of practicing mindfulness, relaxation, breathing exercises and meditation
24:24There are lots of apps on the market that offer these methods
24:29But be a little careful which one you choose
24:33As only a few apps have been scientifically evaluated
24:36See if you can find some information on it before using it
24:41Another important factor in feeling well balanced is a good night's sleep
24:47Sleep has a big impact on well-being and health
24:51Yet, two out of three students don't sleep enough
24:55Particularly during exam periods, they cut down on their sleep
25:00It really impacts your academic performance
25:02One of the primary functions of sleep is learning and memory
25:09If you don't sleep, memory simply doesn't happen
25:13How much sleep young adults need is not clearly known
25:17But it is thought to be around eight hours
25:21Finally, let's talk about giving your day a bit more structure
25:27Set up a good plan
25:28Define times for when and what you learn and when you exercise
25:32Meet friends
25:33Listen to good music or use social media
25:36Especially in the two weeks before an exam
25:39A good study plan helps a lot
25:42Try to avoid last-minute cramming in all-nighters
25:46And if you feel like you can't manage your stress or anxiety
25:51Talk to people you really trust
25:53Like friends, family or university counsellors
25:56Don't hesitate to seek professional help
25:59Try to find out which of these tips help you
26:03There's a good chance you'll sail more smoothly through college life
26:08In the social media universe
26:16There are many people who seem eternally successful
26:19Look amazing
26:20And always appear happy
26:22A recipe for self-doubt and misery
26:27Especially if we go down the road of comparison
26:29It can be difficult to know when we should take a break
26:34After all, many of us suffer from FOMO
26:37We still don't know enough about the effect of all this on mental health
26:42Especially when it comes to young people
26:44Our smartphones dominate a lot of our time
26:50Here, in fast motion, is the cell phone use of a 14-year-old
26:54Scientists are investigating what happens in the brain
26:57With TikTok, Insta and similar platforms
27:00The focus is on young people who, according to an EU study
27:04Spend more than three hours a day online
27:05Especially on social media
27:09When I get up, the first thing I do is reach for my glasses
27:12And then I grab my phone and check my messages
27:16I use Instagram throughout the day
27:18And things like YouTube a lot too
27:20While I'm tidying up or something
27:24During the pandemic, I spent around two to three hours on it
27:27It was really tough when I read that
27:29Because I had no idea it was taking up so much of my time
27:32The big social media companies are accused of deliberately creating dependencies
27:39Especially among young people whose brains are not yet fully developed
27:44Companies optimize the content they show
27:49To make the user stay there for as long as possible
27:52That could be Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, etc
27:55Their goal is to show advertising to earn money for the company
27:59That's the business model
28:00For the user, that means they're repeatedly shown content
28:03That's surprising and rewarding
28:05Which also has an impact on the dopamine system
28:08Dopamine is known as the feel-good hormone
28:12On social media, each swipe, like and post
28:16Releases the hormone
28:17Turning us into dopamine junkies
28:20Neuroscientists believe that the mechanisms
28:23Are similar to alcohol and drug addiction
28:25Social media addiction can also trigger depression
28:29Anxiety disorders and other ailments
28:31Researchers are concerned and are calling for social media dependency
28:35To be formally recognized as a mental health disorder
28:38We would see more research funding if social media were recognized as a behavioral addiction
28:45And there would be better public awareness and more options for treatment
28:48But to better investigate the phenomenon of social media addiction
28:54Researchers need data from the major platforms
28:56We've let this happen for almost 20 years now
29:02And have allowed platforms to continue to optimize their algorithms
29:05The impact on society is growing
29:08So we need more insight into what's happening
29:10Scientists say the impact of social media on young people's brain development
29:17Is the biggest experiment ever conducted on humans
29:20And the outcome is still an open question
29:23And that's it from us
29:27Well, almost
29:29Can you still remember the pictures of Berlin from the beginning?
29:33If so, your memory's in fine form
29:35And if the rest of the show now makes its way into your long-term memory
29:39Even better
29:40And the same goes for the next one
29:43See you then
29:44All right
29:48Now
29:49Right
29:50You
29:50All right
29:53And now
29:55I am
29:56You
29:57How
29:57You
29:59You
30:01You
30:01I am
30:02You
30:03I am
30:04You
30:05I am
30:06You
30:06I am
30:09You
30:11You
30:12You
Dianjurkan
30:00
|
Selanjutnya
1:00:00
35:00
1:00:00
1:00:00
1:00:00
30:00
1:05:00
1:00:00
1:00:00
32:00
59:30
35:24
26:54
2:05
1:00:00
15:00
1:00:00
1:00:00