00:00Over the last few years, organic food has spread like wildfire.
00:05Despite higher prices, buying organic is turning from an alternative into a moral and social responsibility.
00:13Organic food is supposedly healthier, more natural and more ethical.
00:18But what do we even mean when we say organic?
00:22There's no global consensus, so different regions have different definitions and rules.
00:28In general, organic food is farmed without GMO seeds, synthetic fertilizers or synthetic pesticides.
00:35Instead, organic farmers use more traditional ways of producing food like crop rotation
00:41and use organic fertilizers such as compost or manure.
00:45While the motivation to buy organic food is clearly noble,
00:49is it actually effective or just another costly trend we can skip without feeling guilty?
00:58Is organic food healthier?
01:06One idea associated with organic crops is that their natural cultivation is supposed to make them more nutritious and healthier.
01:14Indeed, several studies found that organic foods contain more antioxidants.
01:19Plants produce them as a sort of homemade pesticide.
01:23Organic plants seem to have to work a little harder, while regular plants have plenty of help from humans.
01:29Antioxidants are believed to have some health benefits, although scientists are still on the fence about them in general.
01:36We have no idea if and how exactly they help us, or how much produce you'd have to eat to absorb a certain amount.
01:43What about organic being more nutritious?
01:47Well, the evidence is mixed.
01:50Some studies found that organic food can have slightly higher concentrations of vitamin C and omega-3 fatty acids,
01:57while others did not find significant differences.
02:00Overall, the mixed evidence suggests that there are only small differences in nutritional value.
02:06So, from the science available so far, it doesn't look like organic food has significant health benefits.
02:13What we do know is that eating fruit and veggies in general is good for you, and most of us don't do that enough.
02:20Eating veggies is more important for your health than how they were produced.
02:25Is organic food more natural?
02:29People don't only buy organic to get extra vitamins, but to avoid something toxic, artificial pesticides and fertilizers.
02:38And indeed, several studies show that there actually is less pesticide residue on organic produce.
02:45But here's where things get complicated.
02:48Less pesticide does not mean none at all.
02:51While pesticides are supposed to be a last resort in organic farming, they're not forbidden.
02:57Most organic pesticides are natural toxins like vegetable oils, potash soap, sulfur or copper sulfates, but there are synthetic substances as well.
03:08What's the difference between organic and regular pesticides?
03:12Not a lot, actually.
03:14Organic pesticides are not necessarily safer than conventional ones.
03:18Toxic is toxic, no matter if the substance is manufactured or derived from nature.
03:24In fact, in the case of copper sulfate, often used on organic apples, the organic pesticide of choice is actually more harmful to humans.
03:33The toxicity of any substance depends on its concentration and your exposure to it, not if it's natural or not.
03:41There are few recent studies about how our current level of pesticide exposure affects our long-term health.
03:48A 2018 study from France associated never eating organic food with a higher risk of certain cancers.
03:55The study was criticized a lot though.
03:58The participants reported their dietary habits themselves, while no actual tests of pesticide levels in their bodies were done.
04:05Complicating things even more, a Danish study from 2018 found that the danger from pesticides for an adult was similar to drinking a glass of wine every three months.
04:15The pesticides on your vegetables are nothing to lose sleep over.
04:19Despite this, we should continue to demand strict standards for our food.
04:24All pesticides are regulated and tested very strictly in the EU and the US.
04:30Every year, thousands of food samples are screened for pesticides.
04:34The majority of samples have no residues or just a fraction of the tolerance level.
04:40Right now, contamination from bacteria and fungi is much more dangerous.
04:45And on this front, the risk is the same, be it organic or regular food.
04:51Is organic food better for the environment?
04:55In 2017, a meta-analysis looked at organic farming in detail and analyzed organic and regular foods from over 700 production sources
05:04and their impact on categories like greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and land needs.
05:10The result? No production method is clearly better for the environment.
05:15Organic systems use less energy than conventional ones but have similar greenhouse gas emissions.
05:21Organic farms use less pesticide but need much more land to produce the same amount of crop.
05:27These mixed results were also confirmed by a report from the Swedish Food Agency.
05:33Organic and regular were equal in most regards.
05:37The biggest difference was land use, and here conventional farming clearly won,
05:42and eco-toxicity, where organic farming has a clear advantage.
05:46So according to these results, conventional farming actually has a little bit less impact on the environment compared to organic.
05:55The bottom line is, organic food isn't superior to regular produce as far as we know.
06:01But organic agriculture also has an impact at a broader level.
06:05Demand is rising constantly, and the struggle to supply the market can lead to production methods that are less sustainable in other ways.
06:13Spain, for example, grows tons of regular and organic vegetables destined for export in vast greenhouse areas which use a lot of energy,
06:21and have other environmental impacts such as significantly higher greenhouse gas emissions.
06:28And because growing demand can't be covered by domestic production, the global trade in organic foods is also increasing.
06:35As supply chains get more and more complex to make all kinds of foods available in organic quality,
06:41ensuring organic quality standards and regulations gets ever more difficult.
06:46This has led to incidences of fraud where conventional food was labeled and sold as expensive organic produce.
06:54But organic versus conventional food isn't even an objective discussion.
06:59Organic is not simply a production method, for many it's an ideology.
07:05Buying organic feels right.
07:08People want to do the correct thing for the health of their children and the well-being of the planet.
07:14But our instinct to think of organic as good and conventional as bad can get in the way of making the most reasonable decision.
07:23The solution could be to stop seeing organic and conventional farming as irreconcilable.
07:29They both have pros and cons, and the best way to produce healthy food efficiently would be a combination of their best features.
07:36And, as for your personal shopping, what food you should buy depends on what you expect from it.
07:43If you simply want to eat healthily, you should buy more fruit and veggies of any kind, not necessarily organic.
07:50If your concern is for the environment, then simply buying organic won't solve this problem for you.
07:57The easiest option is to buy local food that's in season.
08:01Basically, seasonal is the true organic.
08:05To sum up, an organic label is a manufacturing notice, not a security certificate or a silver bullet for your diet.
08:13What you eat is much more important than how it's produced.
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