- 7 months ago
Sir David Attenborough hosts a never-before-seen look at one of the most misunderstood creatures in nature. Special photography, including infrared photography, exposes the secret life of the wolf pack. (Original BBC Wildlife Specials program, "Wolf: The Legendary Outlaw"
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00:00Tonight on NOVA, a rare encounter with creatures of legend.
00:09They're weary, elusive.
00:12Now, NOVA journeys to the ends of the earth to expose secret lives of the pack.
00:18Where they live, how they hunt, and under the cover of darkness in places you never thought they'd go.
00:27Wild wolves.
00:51Major funding for NOVA is provided by
00:54The Park Foundation, dedicated to education and quality television.
01:01And by
01:02The Corporation for Public Broadcasting and viewers like you.
01:06A HUNTER
01:16A HUNTER
01:30A HUNTER
01:34A HUNTER
01:35So strong that it can pull down prey ten times its own weight.
01:41So intelligent and capable that primitive man followed it to scavenge from its kills.
01:49A hunter which, because of its very success, has now been banished by man to the most remote and barren of wildernesses.
02:01The howl of the wolf.
02:08The sound of the unknown.
02:14And yet wolves are more familiar to us than we might think.
02:31Stone Age people took their pups and tamed them, and all our domesticated dogs are descended from them.
02:38Indeed, the very characteristics we most admire in our dogs, loyalty and intelligence and courage, are precisely the characters that the wolf has to have to survive in the wild.
02:48And yet, whereas the dog has become man's best friend, the wolf remains one of his most feared enemies.
02:55It's time we saw the wolf for what it really is.
03:01Northern Canada, in winter, is a bleak and unpromising land for any hunter.
03:18But the wolf is indefatigable.
03:22Its senses are so acute that it can interpret what is going on around it with a degree of subtlety that is beyond our imagining.
03:30It has a loose-limbed trot that is so effective and economical of energy that it can cover fifty miles in twenty-four hours.
03:59And do so for day after day after day.
04:03The raven is a scavenger, and wolves are not above joining it for the winter brings many casualties. Easy meat.
04:23Many wolves, for much of the time, operate as a pack.
04:33They have such an extraordinary degree of intuition that their understanding of one another's intentions often seems beyond normal explanation.
04:41Younger members learn from the older, more experienced ones, so that the whole group operates as a unified and highly skilled team.
04:59For all these reasons, human hunters everywhere have admired the wolf.
05:04Even today, the native people of the north call it the teacher and honour its special powers with dances.
05:11In Europe, when people settle down to farm, the wolf's image changed from deity to devil.
05:29And fertile imaginations wove frightening legends around it.
05:47As farmers cleared the forests, the wolves developed a taste for livestock.
05:51The innocent lamb and the savage wolf became powerful symbols which the church used to demonstrate the existence of Satan.
06:01So wolves were hunted without mercy.
06:03Eventually, they were driven out of most of Europe's forests, but an irrational fear of them has remained.
06:13It takes huge commitment and great dedication to study wolves.
06:17It also takes a lot of air miles.
06:21A single pack may have a vast range hundreds of miles across.
06:25Biologist Mike Nelson is on a wolf patrol in the wilderness near the American Great Lakes.
06:33The leader of the project, Dr David Meach, has been studying wolves here for 25 years.
06:40The team seldom catches sight of the animals.
06:43Instead, they follow a pack not by sight, but by sound.
06:46I bring her around hard.
06:50They trapped wolves from several packs and fitted them with collars that emit different radio signals.
06:56So now, by homing in on the signals, they've mapped the boundaries of each pack territory.
07:01Boundaries that are rigorously marked and defended.
07:04And on a good day, they may actually catch a glimpse of the wolves themselves.
07:09There they are, Mike. There are several of them.
07:14Wolves are wary and elusive, so we may never know the whole truth about their lives.
07:26Fragments of evidence must be pieced together.
07:30Wolves can respond intelligently to changing conditions, which keeps wolf biologists guessing.
07:44Meech and Nelson can only begin to understand how wolf packs operate by examining when and what they eat.
07:52And this is work that has to be done on foot.
07:56The wolves may have scattered for now, but they left lots of clues around their dear kill, which Meech and Nelson must interpret, much as detectives would at the scene of a crime.
08:14Well, a couple of eggs still left here.
08:22Well, they've left some, but if we hadn't interrupted them, I think they'd have finished this off pretty fast.
08:26Well, it was only two hours ago and we watched them feeding here.
08:30Yeah, yeah. Well, they'll be back.
08:32Yeah.
08:34Well, they even left us a marrow sample.
08:36Yeah, I'm really surprised it's not more gelatinous.
08:38It's fatty.
08:40It is. I would expect it to be more depleted.
08:42Yeah, I sure would have too.
08:44It would take some back and dry it anyway.
08:46Right.
08:48The quality and amount of bone marrow will tell them about the deer's health before it died.
08:54Teeth samples will establish its age, and scuffle marks in the snow will indicate how many wolves were involved in the chase and in the final kill.
09:04Meech and Nelson will deduce why that particular white-tailed deer became vulnerable.
09:10In these Minnesota forests, Meech and Nelson have established that it is old, young, or sick deer that are most likely to be killed by wolves.
09:24A fit deer, with all its senses tuned to danger, can usually spot a wolf in time and escape.
09:31The numbers and size of prey animals in any area affects the size of wolf packs.
09:48In northern Minnesota, there are many white-tailed deer and moose, so some packs can be 15 strong.
09:55The pack is dominated by an adult pair, who are often together for life.
10:04Offspring from the previous three years make up the rest of the group.
10:08These pups look fully grown, but they're still learning from their parents.
10:13Their schooling is long, and their family life intense.
10:18Wolf packs are no more than highly organized and mobile nurseries, and it's this extraordinary mobility which makes them so difficult to observe at close range.
10:47To get close to a wolf on the ground, you have to be able to think like a wolf and observe and interpret the same signs that they use in making their decisions.
10:59These wolves in northern Canada are exceptional.
11:14They follow and attempt to kill the most formidable and massive of all prey animals, buffalo.
11:37These buffalo belong to the last of the great herds that once covered the North American grasslands.
11:43Wolf packs have shattered them for thousands of years.
11:48Although the wolves here are the largest in the world, some weigh over 125 pounds, an adult buffalo may weigh over a tonne.
11:57So bringing one down is both difficult and dangerous.
12:08Snow can sometimes give wolves an advantage.
12:11Their splayed paws act like snowshoes, so that they can move over the top of crusted snow in places where other animals would sink into the drifts.
12:20To make up for their relatively small size, these wolves rely heavily on teamwork.
12:28They move among the buffalo, sizing up the herd, looking for an animal that might be vulnerable and therefore easier to bring down.
12:36The buffaloes stand their ground.
12:46If the pack can persuade the herd to move, then the older and weaker animals will become more obvious.
12:56The bulls are choosing their moment very carefully, because in each buffalo hunt they're risking their lives.
13:22The wolves' first attack is a test.
13:42It will help them to decide whether to back off or whether to build up the pressure.
13:48They've selected a possible victim.
14:01If they can isolate it from the herd, they will be able to deny its security and food.
14:11Day after day, they keep up the pressure.
14:14The stress on the buffalo becomes both physical and psychological, draining it of energy and determination.
14:22It's a long process, but the wolves are patient.
14:27If the wolves are successful, they will have enough meat to last the whole pack for a week.
14:39If the buffalo manages to regain the safety of the herd, then the wolves will have to start all over again.
14:46Here in the high arctic, members of the pack keep in touch with one another over vast distances.
15:05Prey may be widely scattered.
15:19Herds of muskox, for instance, may be tens of miles apart.
15:24Arctic wolves have to cover a lot of ground.
15:30Often they're forced to live on smaller prey, such as Arctic hare.
15:40But hares are alert and quick, and although there are many of them, they are very difficult to catch.
15:47They're not much more than a snack for a wolf.
15:54And when you're on such short rations, you have no energy to spare.
15:59Even if jagers harass you because you have inadvertently got close to their nest, it's not worth the energy to respond.
16:08Canaries may be short, but relationships are strong.
16:37This is the seventh spring that this wolf couple have been together.
16:46Ellesmere Island, where these wolves live, is in almost perpetual darkness during the five months of winter.
16:52When summer arrives, the thick fur, which helped the wolf survive the bitter cold, becomes an irritation.
16:59It's a pleasure to get rid of it.
17:19This far north, the summer is very short, so the arrival of young has to be precisely timed.
17:28Arctic hares have already produced their babies, and the leverets are busy cropping the new plant shoots.
17:36But if the wolves themselves are to breed successfully, their hunting efforts must go up a gear.
17:50Wolves have an eloquent body language.
17:53The female uses it to persuade the male to go out to find food.
18:03There is no stalking cover for the male wolf, and adult hares can easily sprint and bounce out of danger.
18:10The leverets tend to lie low.
18:23The young hare has speed, but the wolf has stamina.
18:39The female wants her share.
18:49The female wants her share.
18:51This tug of war reflects an internal struggle.
19:09The battle between a wolf's individual needs and its teen spirit.
19:13The female wins the hare without too much trouble, which suggests that there's more at stake than just this meal.
19:23The pair may already have pups hidden away in a den.
19:29By keeping her partner hungry, the female forces him to continue his search for food.
19:35The female wants her to share.
19:37The female wants her to practice this claim.
19:41Further south, the buffalo are also shedding their winter coats and minding their spring calves.
20:11The new calves are easier targets for the wolves, but they must still be cautious.
20:41Nothing about catching buffalo is easy.
20:50The calves may look vulnerable, but they have fiercely protective parents.
20:56Again, the wolves get the herd on the run.
21:12Instinctively, the calves move to the middle, where they're shielded by the sheer bulk and ferocity of the adults.
21:30I'm not sure what they're going to do, but I'm not sure what they're going to do.
21:49Buffalo calves can run as fast as their parents, but if the wolves keep the herd moving, the
22:06calves will become exhausted.
22:08But if one should stumble, it will be left exposed.
22:19The wolves have got one.
22:21This calf seems doomed.
22:35An adult returns to the rescue.
22:48The mother, helped by several other adults, tries to shepherd the calf back to the safety
22:53of the herd.
23:00The calf makes it, but the injuries and shock it has sustained have weakened it, so the
23:22wolves will keep the herd running for many miles yet.
23:26Their hunger makes them determined and tenacious.
23:41Successful buffalo hunts are rare.
23:43It's very difficult for wolves to bring down a fit adult.
23:47The best opportunity comes when an animal is weak or already wounded.
23:52This one is.
24:11The buffalo makes a break for safety, but its strength is already ebbing away.
24:29The wolves' only weapons are their sharp teeth.
24:33Killing quickly is not a choice open to them.
24:36There has always been a natural and subtle relationship between wolves and buffalo.
24:56Human hunters on the plains used to put on wolf skins in order to creep close to the herds,
25:01but it wasn't easy even for them to catch one.
25:05Horsepower shifted the balance.
25:08Native people could now round up the buffalo and kill them in larger numbers.
25:12But once the hunters had guns, the buffalo had little chance.
25:16European colonizers cleared the land for their cattle and grain, first of buffalo and then of wolves.
25:36Wolves were shot, trapped and poisoned with fanatical zeal.
25:55By the early 1930s, wolves had been exterminated from most of the United States.
26:24In Europe, the wolf became a fugitive, surviving only in places well away from persecution.
26:31Places such as this.
26:33A remote island off the west coast of Canada, where clear creeks each year fill with salmon.
26:39It's a wilderness largely untouched by man.
26:46Wolves are extremely adaptable, and here during the salmon season they go fishing.
27:04As we've learned more about the wolves' way of life, we've come to accept that, like all predators, they are important elements in maintaining the natural balance of the wilderness.
27:11As we've learned more about the wolves' way of life, we've come to accept that, like all predators, they are important elements in maintaining the natural balance of the wilderness.
27:32Almost from birth, wolf puppies display individual personalities and aptitudes.
27:45At three months, they are still too inexperienced to kill large animals, so they are nurtured in a safe place while the older wolves go out hunting.
28:02Groveling and urgent licking by the pups encourages a returning adult to regurgitate the contents of its expandable stomach.
28:11Farther south in the United States, some people, increasingly appreciative of wild places, have campaigned for the protection of wolves and a better understanding of their nature.
28:33Many people want to reintroduce them into protected land, which is now overrun by deer and elk.
28:46The Nez Perce Indians of the Rocky Mountains offered their own tribal lands for the release of 35 wild trapped wolves.
28:56When the first wolves came back for release, I was there to greet them, and I was good to give them a blessing.
29:07I had the opportunity to look inside the cage and greet the wolf.
29:12I looked into his eyes and he looked at me, and I spoke to him in my own language.
29:19I told him,
29:22I told him,
29:35I'm glad to see you back, my brother.
29:38You have been gone a long time, and it's good to see you back here again.
29:42That's the words that I offered to him.
29:47And after that, I never seen him anymore.
29:51And I'm hoping that someday we will meet again.
30:01In other places, the wolf is not so welcome.
30:05Wolves pay no regard to human feelings or boundaries.
30:12They travel to where there's food.
30:14They may follow other wolf's scent for hundreds of miles,
30:17or just strike out independently on their own.
30:21In the late 1980s, a grey male wolf trotted 250 miles from the Canadian border
30:29right into the Nine Mile Valley, the heart of Montana ranching country.
30:33Hatred of wolves has a long tradition here.
30:40I caught sight of this big coyote, or what I thought was a coyote.
30:55And after getting the rifle and sighting down the telescopic sights to get a better look,
31:02realized it was not a coyote.
31:05The grey wolf had chosen his ranch well.
31:08Ralph Thisted was intrigued by the view down his gun sights, and hoped to see more.
31:14Soon after, federal biologist Mike Jimenez arrived on the track of another wolf.
31:19This was a female with a radio collar that had been caught near Canada some months before.
31:28She had followed the male's scent right onto the Thisted ranch.
31:32When her signal became static, Jimenez suspected that they had made a den.
31:37Word leaked out. The return of the wolf was a tabloid editor's dream.
31:44Opinion quickly polarized.
31:54But wolves have legal protection now.
31:57Killing them no longer brings a bounty, but a possible $100,000 fine.
32:01Ranching country is hard to police.
32:15Within weeks, the female wolf's radio collar was recovered.
32:18It had been cut off and dumped.
32:21Neither her body nor the culprit was ever found.
32:24Soon afterwards, her mate, the grey male, was found dead by the highway.
32:29Ralph Thisted began videoing the orphaned pups.
32:41Road-killed deer were put out for the pups to eat.
32:44But without their parents, he feared for their long-term survival.
32:47Some did make it, and there is now a healthy wolf population in the valley, and their presence is more widely accepted.
33:01Elsewhere, wolves are not waiting for an invitation.
33:07Wherever wild prey is dense, they're crossing the Canadian border, trickling back into their former territory.
33:16If wolves have enough room to maneuver, they tend to avoid cattle.
33:21But if there's a shortage of prey, it's hardly surprising that a wolf will try to take the meat that men are rearing for themselves.
33:28Nowhere is this problem greater than in India.
33:39It's early July in the state of Maharashtra, and the monsoon is breaking.
33:43It's about as hot and humid as a wolf can stand.
33:50India is as far south as wolves go.
33:55Indian wolves are uncommon, but they're most visible in the rainy season, when they're hunting for their pups as well as for themselves.
34:02Wild black buck concentrated large numbers wherever there is new growth, even if it is in the heart of a wolf pack's territory.
34:21As in wolf hunts everywhere, the first stage is to identify frailty.
34:25As in wolf hunts everywhere, the first stage is to identify frailty.
34:26As in wolf hunts everywhere, the first stage is to identify frailty.
34:55Black buck are not only fast, they're also extremely agile.
35:07Black buck are not only fast, they're also extremely agile.
35:17Each, as it leaps, is demonstrating its fitness and strength.
35:20Maybe their pursuer will choose a weaker neighbour, or get too confused to select a single target.
35:41But when the monsoon dries up in September, the black buck disperse.
35:46The wolves must look elsewhere for food.
35:48These fast-growing pups still need feeding.
36:02The parents' only choice is to take the villagers' livestock.
36:12Local people also have families to support,
36:15and they do all they can to protect their herd, using their dogs, domesticated wolves, to help them do so.
36:22It's hard for anyone to make a living here.
36:28There are few places left for the Indian wolf.
36:31In some parts of Europe, wolves have found a way of living close to man.
36:42In rural Romania, the pace of change has been relatively slow.
36:47The mountain meadows of Transylvania are grazed in much the same way as they have been for centuries.
36:52Every evening, shepherds pen their flocks to protect them against wild animals.
37:06Just above them, on the upper slopes, is one of the wildest and most extensive tracts of forest left in Europe.
37:14Wolves, bears and lynx live here in substantial numbers.
37:18But when shepherds lose occasional lambs, it's the wolf that is usually blamed.
37:25To establish the truth of the matter, scientists trapped and radio-collared a wild female wolf.
37:32Using remote cameras, they were able to monitor the growth of her nine puppies.
37:37By June, most of the youngsters were onto solids.
37:48Regurgitated deer meat, for instance, which she brought back from her hunting trips.
37:53A couple of the youngsters still had a taste for her milk.
38:07There are good numbers of red deer in her hunting territory, but providing food for ten is a demanding business.
38:14However, her patch of forest slopes down to the suburbs and industrial areas of the town of Brashov.
38:29Brashov is modernizing fast, but this is Transylvania, and werewolf myths persist to this day.
38:36So the first report of a wolf by the mainline to Bucharest were treated as tales told by the gullible.
38:43Romanian bedtime stories are as full of evil wolves as elsewhere in Europe.
38:53The scientists were skeptical.
38:55But when they began tracking the wolf at night, they discovered that they had missed half the story.
39:00A starlight-sensitive camera revealed that not only was there a wolf here, but it was behaving in a most surprising fashion.
39:08When the night express to Bucharest had passed through, the female wolf carefully crossed the line.
39:09When the night express to Bucharest had passed through, the female wolf carefully crossed the line.
39:10When the night express to Bucharest had passed through, the female wolf carefully crossed the line.
39:12When the night express to Bucharest had passed through, the female wolf carefully crossed the line.
39:16When the night express to Bucharest had passed through, the female wolf carefully crossed the line.
39:34Although temporarily limping, probably because of a thorn in her foot, the female was confidently making her way into town.
39:59She was clearly streetwise and seemed to be quite certain of where she was going.
40:14By midnight, she had crossed the main drainage canal and had been joined by a yearling from her pack.
40:29They were now on the other side of town, well away from their forest home.
40:34When the female headed across waste ground towards the oil refinery, the researchers were
41:04struggling to keep up.
41:06But the team's leader, Dr. Christoph Bromberger, had guessed where the wolf was heading, for
41:11the summer sheep meadows beyond.
41:13The sheep are well guarded.
41:20This must be one of the few places in Europe where shepherds still watch their flocks by night.
41:38Their dogs display all the possessiveness of their wolf ancestors.
42:01Outnumbered, the female wolf turned back into town.
42:09It's now known that she always checks the flocks first for a chance stray.
42:14But she finds easier meals in and around the Brashov rubbish bins.
42:19Wolves here are simply adapting to a new environment, just as urban foxes have done in English towns.
42:26She looks very like another feral dog.
42:29And so far, she has evaded unwanted publicity.
42:33But it is unlikely that the Brashov residents will remain in the dark for much longer.
42:43They'll have to decide whether or not to tolerate a wolf in their midst.
42:48To survive in the modern world, wolves need our acceptance, as well as physical space.
42:55Even in the wildest places, wolves face difficulties.
43:03On the barren ground of Ellesmere Island, even suitable places for dens are rare.
43:08And the wolves have great problems to solve if they are to raise a family.
43:12This pair have two pups.
43:20At five weeks old, they are adventurous, but they are far from independent.
43:26The female and her mate will have to provide them with food for months yet.
43:31Wolf puppyhood is long, because there is so much to learn.
43:35Vigorous play is an important part of learning new skills, but it also helps to strengthen the pups developing bodies.
43:58They will try to suckle as often as possible, but their mother is not always keen to oblige.
44:23It's likely that she hasn't had much to eat herself lately, and is simply short of milk.
44:38The mother wolf and her pups are showing obvious signs of hunger.
44:44To maintain a healthy development, the pups will have to increase their weight by two to three pounds every week.
45:04But that will require a regular supply of nourishment.
45:07These puppies may be small, but to feed them properly, their parents will need a hunting territory of over a thousand square miles.
45:32The male is kept hard at work.
45:38The female still does the begging, but gradually the pups will learn this ritual for themselves.
45:56The male seems reluctant to deliver the meal.
46:17No doubt he is hungry too, but the female can't accompany him and help on long hunts until the pups are a bit older.
46:29The pups wolf down their food simply because they can never be sure of their next mouthful.
46:35As the days lengthen, so do the Leveret's chances of survival.
46:45They're faster now and smarter.
46:48Wolves rarely live beyond nine years in the wild.
46:56The male wolf may already be thirteen.
46:59So, although he's exceptional, he's well past his prime.
47:03On days when he is unsuccessful, the female collects food from her store.
47:21Leverets that were killed and buried earlier in the year when they were easier to catch.
47:36But if his family is to survive, the male cannot give up the hunt.
47:40Wolves are the experts at chasing and collecting moving objects,
47:45and this exercise is far more critical than retrieving a boar.
47:49To be continued...
48:15Today is a good day.
48:17The male has brought back two hares and readily gives up one to the female.
48:28But her urge to feed her pups is overwhelming.
48:32It's a hard life.
48:48But if the male's bloodline is to survive, then the pup's future comes first.
48:53In seven seasons, this wolf couple have raised only three offspring to maturity.
48:59And the prospects for the current family are by no means certain.
49:07Already one pup is quicker to take advantage of the incoming meal.
49:12It's a critical advantage, for it will give the most vigorous pup a head start when the long Arctic winter begins to close in.
49:34The den provides some shelter, but the weather is not the problem.
49:52There may just not be enough food to go round.
50:04If the pups survive till the spring, the parents will have done unusually well.
50:09Wolves have had to be tenacious.
50:24Not only do they endure some of the harshest conditions on Earth, but they also have survived bitter hostility from humanity.
50:31Their methods, especially when hunting, may shock us deeply.
50:37But they aren't given meat out of tins and packets, as our dogs are.
50:42A wolf can only be a wolf.
50:45They remain wary and unknowable, but steadily they are winning back our respect.
51:01Even the howl of the wolf, that once struck terror into our hearts,
51:06is now regarded by many as one of the most thrilling sounds of the natural world.
51:12In August these days, hundreds of Canadians make a pilgrimage into the wilderness to make contact with wolves.
51:32A road cutting through the remote forests of spruce and fir provides a good place to stand and listen for this wild music.
51:42These listeners have no chance of actually seeing a wolf.
51:49But National Park rangers know how to communicate with the legendary outlaw who, for centuries, we have tried to destroy.
51:59We have tried to destroy.
52:00We have tried to destroy.
52:02We have tried to destroy.
52:04We have tried to destroy.
52:05We have tried to destroy.
52:06We have tried to destroy.
52:07We have tried to destroy.
52:08We have tried to destroy.
52:09We have tried to destroy.
52:10We have tried to destroy.
52:11We have tried to destroy.
52:12We have tried to destroy.
52:13We have tried to destroy.
52:14We have tried to destroy.
52:15We have tried to destroy.
52:16We have tried to destroy.
52:17We have tried to destroy.
52:18We have tried to destroy.
52:19We have tried to destroy.
52:20We have tried to destroy.
52:21We have tried to destroy.
52:22We have tried to destroy.
52:23We have tried to destroy.
52:24We have tried to destroy.
52:25We have tried to destroy.
52:26We have tried to destroy.
52:27We have tried to destroy.
52:28We have tried to destroy.
52:29We have tried to destroy.
52:30We have tried to destroy.
52:31Oh, oh, oh, oh.
53:01Oh, oh, oh, oh.
53:31Oh, oh, oh, oh.
54:01Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh.
54:31Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh.
55:01Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh.
55:31Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh.
56:01Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh.
56:03Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh.
56:05Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh.
56:07Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh.
56:09Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh.
56:11Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh.
56:13Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh.
56:23This is PBS.
56:27Coming up on NOVA, beneath the Mediterranean, history beckons.
56:32Divers search for the ancient lighthouse of Alexandria and discover more than they bargained for.
56:37It's very beautiful.
56:40Treasures of the Sunken City.
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