The Founder of Pakistan
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00:00At the conclusion of World War II, Great Britain offered an autonomous state of existence to
00:08all of India, leaving the door open for complete independence later. Gandhi and his protege Nehru
00:13met with the English delegation and declared that such a situation would be unsatisfactory.
00:18They demanded complete withdrawal of all British control. Then on March 14, 1946,
00:24England offered complete independence. The years of unrest could now be brought to a close,
00:28but the problems facing such a course were many. The Asian country for centuries had been divided
00:33into two major religious groups, the Hindus and the Muslims. Now that complete freedom was within
00:38their grasp, the two religious philosophies clashed violently. Mohammed Ali Jinnah, head of the
00:43powerful Muslim League, argued for a separate Muslim state of Pakistan. At his palatial home in Bombay,
00:51India's Muslim leader, Jinnah, in a precedent-breaking meeting with Gandhi, leader of the rival Hindu faith.
00:58Disappointing news for reporters waiting outside. No agreement on one of India's
01:03oldest domestic issues, the long-standing struggle between Hindus and Mohammedans.
01:08For Gandhi at 75, there is no retreat.
01:12Here in Simla, India, the British continue their meetings with leaders of India's two great
01:19parties, Congress and Muslim, and hope to break the deadlock by the formation of a United States
01:24of India. Demands by the Muslims for a separate state have been denied by the British. And a tense
01:30situation grips all India. Caleb Azad, Congress president, arrives by rickshaw.
01:39Pandit Nehru, famous Congress party leader, relies on his piebald pony for transportation.
01:47One of the few cars brings Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Muslim head, second from the left.
01:52Spokesman for a large group of India's Mohammedans is the leader of the All India Muslim League,
02:02Mohammed Ali Jinnah. In direct conflict with the Congress party's demand for national independence,
02:10he demands that Britain create a separate and independent state out of those provinces in which
02:14Muslims predominate. On August 14, 1947, the new nation of Pakistan was born. Lord Louis Montbatten,
02:25representing the crown, relinquished British control over the new state, which had been part of British
02:31India, and Pakistan took its place among the nations of the world. Mohammed Ali Jinnah, who was the guiding
02:40force in negotiating the separation of India and Pakistan, became the new country's first governor general.
02:48Jinnah, often called the George Washington of Pakistan, guided the young nation, guided the young
02:54nation through its first uncertain year until his death in late 1948.
03:02In his one year of rule, Jinnah was able to fuse a unity and purpose into the new nation
03:08with the help of another early Pakistan leader. Liakwat Ali Khan, the country's first prime minister,
03:16here shown on his visit to the United States in 1950. The following year,
03:21he was assassinated by a fanatic, and the young nation of Pakistan was left...
03:37and the young faith, he said, I felt a bit like a lot of old people who have the
03:40living, the young people who need to come, because of the human rights and jbuchet and countries
03:45of the United States, and the young aunts in the United States. I was the one that I was
03:47trying to pull out, so I kind of thought, he was the only one that was the only one I had to buy,
03:51and I held back to him at the YeahKantle of the National University, and as a responder
03:52as well. If I started to drill into the nuclearuell 안돼, he's my own.
03:53And he's been the one that was to bear together in the United States. He said,
03:55I was so excited that they were just on the airfield for the United States.
03:58And I'm so excited about that. And I think that's what I went through here about
04:00the work that was and I did not know that they were going through my main