- 04/05/2025
NOVA-S52E01-What Are UFOs?
NOVA-S52E01-O que são OVNIs?
O que são OVNIs?
Cientistas estudam OVNIs para tentar descobrir se eles têm origem terrestre, são ilusórios ou algo mais.
NOVA PBS – 2025
NOVA-S52E01-O que são OVNIs?
O que são OVNIs?
Cientistas estudam OVNIs para tentar descobrir se eles têm origem terrestre, são ilusórios ou algo mais.
NOVA PBS – 2025
Categoria
📚
AprendizadoTranscrição
00:00It's rotating.
00:07It's rotating.
00:09Hey, go ahead!
00:11Woo-hoo!
00:17Disturbing videos of UFOs
00:20have been taken by some of the best-trained pilots
00:23on the planet.
00:24We actually have military pilots
00:26who are saying,
00:27I saw something that I don't understand.
00:30We don't know what they actually saw.
00:34We only have their interpretation of it.
00:36So this is the helmet that I was wearing.
00:39It would be really irresponsible
00:41to suggest that all of these things
00:43are of the same origin,
00:45that they're of the same technology,
00:47that they're of the same phenomenon.
00:49We can't say it's aliens,
00:51but we can't say it's not aliens.
00:53People in New Jersey are concerned.
00:55What about the explosion of news reports
00:57of strange objects flying over New Jersey?
01:00Upwards of 49-plus drone sightings.
01:03As scientists,
01:04we also want to get to the bottom of this.
01:06There's an aircraft.
01:07Ah, there we go.
01:08What are UFOs?
01:10Right now on NOVA.
01:25In the halls of Congress,
01:44Navy pilots are speaking out.
01:47This object remained for about 45 seconds or so
01:50before darting off over the mountains.
01:52We were seeing objects with our radars,
01:54with our cameras,
01:55and even with our eyes flying on an almost daily basis.
01:59We're very sensitive to how things turn
02:02and how things accelerate and how things move.
02:05And this didn't follow any of those laws of physics.
02:09As of 2023, military and commercial pilots
02:13have reported seeing 801 objects they couldn't identify.
02:18When we're talking about having an unidentified thing
02:22in our airspace,
02:24whether it's directly overhead or in our coastal waters,
02:28we need to figure out,
02:29is this an issue of flight safety?
02:32Is this an issue of national security?
02:34Is this an adversary spying on us?
02:37Or could it be top secret tech developed right here at home?
02:43I can tell you unequivocally that the government does keep secrets
02:46when it comes to aerospace technology.
02:48The Pentagon has what we often call a black budget,
02:51which can sometimes exceed $65 billion in a year.
02:56Even within the military,
02:58there's never been a consensus really that it's this or that,
03:02or that it's not extraterrestrial.
03:07We cannot rule out extraterrestrials,
03:11but you have no evidence for it.
03:13It comes back to the evidence.
03:18Regular citizens have been reporting things for decades,
03:21and yet we hear nothing from the government
03:23about what this may be.
03:25And now that we have more observations,
03:29more cameras, more cell phones that are taking pictures
03:33of phenomenon in our atmosphere,
03:36scientists need to come forward
03:38and talk about how we can identify these objects.
03:44In science, we encounter anomalies all the time,
03:46and it's our job to try to figure out
03:48what those anomalies are telling us about the universe.
03:51This isn't the first time unidentified flying objects
04:04have captured our imagination and startled the world.
04:09It was back in the 1940s that sightings started piling up.
04:14June 24th, 1947.
04:17As he flew near Mount Rainier in Washington State,
04:20pilot Kenneth Arnold spotted something strange.
04:24As he was flying around,
04:26he said he saw these objects glinting off of the sun.
04:31Because they moved like they were skipping off of water,
04:34the term flying saucer came about.
04:37At the time, there were other people having sightings,
04:41but this is the one that just really kind of ignite
04:44this interest in the public about UFOs.
04:48From New York to California,
04:50people started to report seeing flying saucers
04:53just about everywhere.
04:56Sightings were spreading like wildfire.
05:00Culture informs our understanding of the world around us.
05:03If you expect to see a UFO that looks like a Pi-10,
05:08well, when you see something unusual in the sky
05:11that you have trouble discerning what it was,
05:13your brain may be more apt to say,
05:16that looked like a Pi-10.
05:19It may seem strange that in the 1940s and 50s,
05:23so many Americans were suddenly spotting objects in the sky.
05:29But with the Cold War in full swing,
05:32it was a time of heightened anxiety and worry
05:35about new threats overhead.
05:38This was a time period in which there was a lot of
05:41military technology development.
05:45Coming out of World War II,
05:48we have developed radar.
05:50This was the first major war where air power was a huge player.
05:58And there was a lot of unknown tech emerging.
06:03All of these things kind of came together.
06:07And then, of course, you had the Roswell incident.
06:10Roswell, New Mexico.
06:12A rancher came across another piece of the flying saucer puzzle.
06:17Essentially, this ranch hand comes in, says,
06:19I found this material.
06:21They send a couple of Air Force people from Roswell Army Airfield
06:24out to take a look.
06:26One of them says, hey, I think this stuff was weird.
06:29They take the material to Fort Worth.
06:32Fort Worth says, it was obviously a weather balloon.
06:36Story's over.
06:40But the public wasn't buying it.
06:43And Hollywood saw an opportunity to run with a captivating story.
06:48Aliens, sometimes friendly and sometimes not, were visiting planet Earth.
06:55The lack of answers by the government did leave a void.
06:58And Hollywood and entertainment certainly filled that void.
07:03Earth versus the flying saucers.
07:08And we were left with a wide assortment of scenarios imagined in contact with aliens,
07:14with saucers or aliens on the moon or Mars or alien invasions that are quite dramatic.
07:19What are they? Where do they come from?
07:22Certainly, this can instill a lot of fear in people.
07:25In the absence of scientists or other authoritative voices filling the gap and explaining what's going on,
07:39all we heard from the authorities was, there's nothing to see here.
07:44But behind the scenes, the military was investigating.
07:50Probably the most significant historical investigation of UFOs by the government
07:54was Project Blue Book.
07:56It investigated thousands and thousands of UFO sightings.
08:02For more than 20 years, military investigators and scientists scrutinized the data,
08:09looking for answers.
08:11What are all these objects?
08:14Do any of them present a clear and present danger?
08:17Scientists like astronomer J. Allen Hynek were brought in to help the Air Force connect the dots.
08:28Dr. J. Allen Hynek was the consultant for the Air Force from 1947 all the way to 1969,
08:35the entire time they were investigating this topic.
08:37He was a skeptic himself because of that early association with aliens and little green men.
08:46So when they approached him, he's like, I'll do this, but I'm going to easily be able to debunk this in no time,
08:55because this is just silliness.
08:56Project Blue Book ended in 1969 when the Air Force released the Condon Report.
09:04After investigating more than 12,000 UFO sightings, 701 remained unidentified.
09:13When you've not explained that much of your data, as a scientist, that's not acceptable.
09:19And it wasn't acceptable for Hynek.
09:22He'd had a change of heart that would last a lifetime.
09:27He started to see that there was data there that indicates that not all of these are easily solvable,
09:34and that they do deserve investigation.
09:36But he would stay away from the alien side of things.
09:40He would try to focus on, you know, this is a mystery we don't understand.
09:45But it's just too difficult to do because the media and the public just can't disassociate those things,
09:54the aliens and the UFOs.
09:57This created an environment that scientists and any serious person did not want to go near it.
10:02So aliens were right in there with ghosts, the Loch Ness Monster, Bigfoot.
10:07It was all part of this, the unknown, spooky stuff that probably ain't true.
10:13Because of this stigma, today the Department of Defense refers to these unidentified flying objects,
10:21UFOs, as UAPs, Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena.
10:26They changed it from UFO to UAP to try to reduce that stigma, to try to get away from that history,
10:35that historical trigger that happens in our brains.
10:39The word UFO, unfortunately, has become a taboo word within the scientific community.
10:45It's actually been a disservice to our community and our society for not trying to teach and communicate
10:54about what actually is in the night sky.
10:59There's no shortage of things in the night sky that can seem strange.
11:03Some are natural, like the colors of the northern lights.
11:10The beauty of a meteor shower.
11:13Planet Venus in the night sky.
11:17Even clouds that form strange, saucer-like shapes.
11:21And plenty that are not so natural wonders.
11:29Right now above my head are planes.
11:31You can hear a helicopter flying over.
11:34There's probably some drones up there too.
11:36And if you're in the right place at the right time, you can probably even see some satellites up there
11:40because there's a lot of stuff out there that might not be as strange as you think it is.
11:45So we're just...
11:46That's not a plane.
11:47The number of things that are in our sky today are thousands.
11:52Oh my God.
11:54Now it's not moving at all. It's hovering right there.
11:57We have weather balloons.
11:591,800 of them are launched daily around the world.
12:03You can actually see things in Earth's orbit from the ground.
12:08You can see, for instance, the International Space Station at night flying overhead.
12:12And if you see a cluster of lights traveling across the night sky, they're probably part of a satellite system called Starlink.
12:22When Starlink launches a 60-satellite string, people look at that and go, I don't know what that is.
12:30And it looks really weird and concerning.
12:31Technology, I think, has created much more clutter in the sky and an ability for us to misinterpret things.
12:41There's a lot in our sky.
12:44And if we're studying UFOs, of course, you have to know what's in the sky that is known before you can identify what's unknown.
12:51That's especially difficult when it comes to some of the strangest sightings ever made.
13:00Those videos taken by Navy pilots.
13:05One of the most famous is nicknamed the gimbal.
13:09We recorded the gimbal object when we were down off the coast of Jacksonville, Florida, aboard the USS Theodore Roosevelt in 2015.
13:19Former F-18 pilot Ryan Graves will never forget what some pilots in his squadron told him about their bizarre UAP experience.
13:32The event unfolded during a night training mission.
13:36They see something strange. They've been closing on it for a couple of minutes as they fly towards it to better understand it.
13:47It has to be a drone. That's the logical thing. No one's out there saying it's UFOs or aliens or whatever.
13:53It's just an unknown thing. And what is it?
13:56While their camera only captures the image of one object, their radar tells a more complex story.
14:03There's a whole fleet of them. Look on the ASA. My gosh.
14:09As they gather more information and they see a whole fleet of them on their radar, it's harder to understand what they're seeing.
14:18And you can hear that in their voices.
14:20They're all going against the wind. The wind's 120 miles from the west.
14:24Cool thing, man.
14:25Then, the object does something downright bizarre.
14:30Well, if there's like this thing, it's rotating.
14:34You see the object appears to rotate, then the video cuts out at that point.
14:40You know, so I don't know what the gimbal is. We still don't know what it is.
14:44There's no doubt many of the recordings of UFOs made by Navy pilots look very strange.
14:52To try to decode them, it's crucial to understand the kinds of sensors and cameras being used.
14:58So the vast majority of the evidence that's excited the public imagination about these videos comes in the form of infrared imagery.
15:08Imagery taken with an onboard infrared camera system called Atfleer.
15:13Sean Kirkpatrick, former director of the government's department in charge of investigating UAPs, and engineer Josh Semeter, explore how the world looks in infrared light with the help of Teledyne engineer Danel Lago.
15:32So what you have here is you got the visible on this side here. It's a 4K visible image. And then the thermal on this side.
15:38On the right side of the screen, the camera is capturing visible light, light the human eye can see.
15:47But on the left side, the Boston skyline looks radically different, because this is a thermal image taken with an infrared camera that detects variations in temperature.
15:59The cars on the bridge are emitting more heat than the background.
16:02The more heat an object emits, the whiter it appears. The less, the darker it gets.
16:09And can you switch that?
16:11Yes, we can invert it. We can make everything that's black hot and everything that's white. Cool.
16:17And that's exactly what we see our pilots doing.
16:20Pilots, when they see things, they will toggle back and forth so that they can try to get the best contrast, try to figure out what they're looking at.
16:29You know, so why don't we try and see if we can see any aircraft.
16:34Even on a hazy day like this.
16:37There's an aircraft.
16:38There we go.
16:39It doesn't take long to spot one.
16:41There is an aircraft that you can't tell in the infrared is an aircraft.
16:45But in the visible, I sure can.
16:47Yeah, exactly.
16:48Right.
16:49And now, why don't we switch it to Black is Hot.
16:53Play the same game, yeah.
16:54Play the same game and see what it looks like.
16:56There's a plane in there.
16:57Oh, there's a plane.
16:58There's a plane.
16:59There's a plane.
17:00There we go.
17:01There you go.
17:03I saw this just little dot tripping through the field and I was only looking at the infrared camera.
17:08And Sean, who was watching the visual camera next door, said, there's an airplane.
17:13And I looked over and this enormous aircraft was moving through the scene.
17:18It's just a blob.
17:19It's a little blob, yeah.
17:20So that was an image of the engine.
17:23Yeah.
17:24Yeah.
17:25That's basically all you saw.
17:26You didn't see the rest of the fuselage.
17:28The world looks very different in the infrared versus the visible.
17:33Exploring the deceptive nature of infrared light provides scientists with valuable clues
17:39to why a plane could take on an otherworldly shape.
17:44But it doesn't explain why the gimbal seems to move in ways that defy physics.
17:52The gimbal video is one of the most famous UFO videos and with good reason, I think,
17:56because it looks like a flying saucer.
17:59UFO investigator and conspiracy debunker Mick West spent years analyzing the gimbal video,
18:07frame by frame, clue by clue.
18:12The interesting thing about the gimbal video, besides it being a flying saucer,
18:16is this rotation it does.
18:18And this was very puzzling.
18:21It took a long time to figure out what might be going on there.
18:24Mick brings a unique set of skills to this challenge.
18:30I used to program video games many years ago.
18:34I really enjoyed the process of solving puzzles.
18:38I use my 3D geometry and trigonometry and algebra and all the skills that I use in games programming
18:45to analyze the UFOs.
18:47Mick starts his investigation of the gimbal by combing through publicly available information.
18:55The plane that captured the gimbal video is an F-A-18 equipped with an infrared camera mounted beneath the wing in a targeting pod.
19:05Next, he builds a simulation of the plane and the camera, which is on a device called a gimbal.
19:15The gimbal enables the camera to rotate as it tracks a target.
19:20But the camera isn't the only thing in motion.
19:23The pilot's display reveals that the object is also moving.
19:30From the left side of the plane to the right.
19:34To track something going from left to right, which is what we're seeing here,
19:38the camera actually has to rotate.
19:40And it has to rotate a specific amount as it traverses over from one side to the other.
19:45Using the simulation he's created, Mick makes a surprising discovery.
19:53The amount the gimbal rotates and the time it rotates is exactly what would be needed for the camera to track this object.
20:00He's come up with a theory about why the object appears to rotate.
20:06And sets up an experiment to demonstrate how it works using his cell phone and his desk lamp.
20:12Take your cell phone and point the camera at a bright light, a single light, and then rotate your cell phone.
20:21So you've got a rotating camera, but nothing is rotating except the artifacts of the camera.
20:28So if you have a glare, like an artifact of the camera, when the camera rotates, the scene itself doesn't rotate, but the glare rotates.
20:36And I think that's what we're seeing in the gimbal video.
20:38It's possibly something like a distant plane, something that's hot off in the distance.
20:44The heat of the engine was kind of pointing towards the camera.
20:47And that kind of bloomed in the camera and created this glare that was so big it obscured the entire plane.
20:55But not everyone agrees with this theory.
20:58I want to be clear that that's entirely possible, but I personally don't find that particularly likely.
21:05The reason for that is strictly this FLIR system is something that military personnel are trained to use to identify adversary and friendly aircraft.
21:15Pilots are well aware of how the gimbal system works, as well as the nature of common camera artifacts like glare.
21:23I don't think this was a distant plane. I do believe it was an object that was about four to six miles away from the fighter aircraft, not a distant jet at 30 nautical miles away.
21:33If it was a distant jet, where would it come from? Why were we not receiving any indications that it was or was not part of our strike group?
21:40In 2021, the Department of Defense formed ARROW, the All Domain Anomaly Resolution Office, to investigate UAPs like the gimbal.
21:53To date, ARROW considers this case unresolved.
21:59So for us, anything that remains unidentified is a severe threat that we should be paying attention to as tactical aviators because that's exactly what we're training to identify.
22:08The gimbal isn't the only UAP that appears to defy the laws of physics.
22:152013, just after dark at the airport in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, U.S. Customs and Border Control captured this video of an oddly behaving object.
22:30It looks like the object is traveling quickly. It looks like it's disappearing into the water and coming out of the water, disappearing again, coming out and splitting into two and kind of disappearing completely.
22:49Enthusiasts will point to that and say that is evidence of warp drives or interdimensional drives and that it's transmedium because it's going in and out of the water.
23:02But could there be another reason that's more down to earth?
23:09So let's do this as a controlled experiment.
23:12Engineer Josh Semeter enlists the help of Sean Kirkpatrick, former director of ARROW, to cook up an idea.
23:20Can they recreate this disappearing act in the lab with a knife, spoon and fork and two surrogate UFOs?
23:32What I thought we'd try to use to do this is an infrared sensor. It just clips on like so.
23:38They set it up on a tripod, take a look and see absolutely nothing.
23:47We're not seeing anything at all in these objects.
23:50Sean takes the spoon and fork along with one of the UAP surrogates and puts them in a cooler.
23:57For just about, what do you think, Josh? A second? Ten seconds?
24:01Yeah, it doesn't take long. I'd say ten seconds is more than enough.
24:06About ten seconds later, give or take...
24:09All right, let's take them out and see what they look like.
24:13And that, right back where they were. And what do we got?
24:17Well, there's three objects there.
24:18Wow, that's pretty stark.
24:21We can see the fork and spoon along with one of the UFO surrogates.
24:27And...
24:28I don't see the other two.
24:29Cannot find the other two.
24:31But they are clearly there.
24:33But over the next few minutes,
24:35they gradually disappear again.
24:39The question is, why?
24:41There is a tendency for objects that are at different temperatures,
24:44when they're in contact,
24:46to eventually reach the same temperature as one another.
24:50It's not a magic trick.
24:52For an object to show up in infrared light,
24:55it must be a different temperature than objects it is in contact with.
24:59So, when the fork and spoon exchanged thermal energy with the table,
25:05thermal equilibrium is reached, making them invisible in infrared light.
25:12And that brings us back to the disappearing objects in the Puerto Rico video,
25:19which were also captured with an infrared sensor.
25:22As the object becomes the same either temperature or irradiance as the background,
25:30you won't be able to see it.
25:31It'll become nearly invisible.
25:33And it looks like it disappears.
25:36After months of carefully analyzing the video,
25:40scientists think they have an answer.
25:42We think they're two birds.
25:44And when they get close to the water,
25:46the effect on the sensor kicks in,
25:48where it's having a hard time distinguishing the contrast
25:51between the background and the birds.
25:54And they look like they disappear,
25:56and then they reappear because the reflectance changes,
25:59and then they separate,
26:00and then it looks like they land in the water.
26:02This demo doesn't capture all the conditions of this sighting.
26:07But Sean and Josh believe that shifts in temperature and reflection
26:12might explain the apparent disappearing act.
26:17I am satisfied with that explanation
26:19because that's how a scientist speaks
26:21with respect to some phenomenon that's not known.
26:24We don't speak in certainty.
26:26So, for instance, if one were to say,
26:30that is either two birds flying over the ocean,
26:35or it is a alien anti-gravity technology
26:40exhibiting trans-medium characteristics,
26:44I choose the bird explanation.
26:49The sighting in Puerto Rico might simply be two birds.
26:54And the gimbal video might be a distant plane.
26:59But one of the most famous UFO sightings
27:02has been even more challenging for investigators.
27:06I was an eyewitness to what is considered
27:09one of the most important UFO or UAP encounters,
27:13and that's the USS Nimitz Tic Tac encounter.
27:19November 14th, 2004.
27:24About a hundred miles southwest of San Diego,
27:27Alex Dietrich, then a young aviator in training,
27:31along with her commanding officer, David Fravor,
27:34a seasoned pilot with more than a decade of flying under his belt,
27:39set out on a routine training exercise.
27:43It was clear blue skies, calm waters.
27:47When we get a call by this controller,
27:51kind of like an air traffic controller for our military exercise,
27:55and they say, hey, we need you to go check out this contact over here.
28:00The radar on one of the ships in the strike group
28:02had detected an unknown object.
28:05And this is 2004, just a few years after 9-11.
28:10The hair on the back of our neck stands up, and we go, hmm, okay.
28:14And we divert, and we head towards it.
28:17And we don't see anything initially, but somebody sees a disturbance in the water.
28:29And this strange thing is flying very fast but erratically over this area of water.
28:39It was off-white, you know, sort of a white, creamish color.
28:46We didn't see a cockpit.
28:47We didn't see windows.
28:48And it moved in ways that we didn't understand.
28:52Dietrich and Fravor returned to the Nimitz without taking video of the object.
28:58So another aircraft went in pursuit and captured this.
29:05We call it affectionately a Tic Tac
29:07because it looks like the little breath mint.
29:12Mick West decides to take on the challenge
29:16to see if he can make sense of the movement of the Tic Tac.
29:20It's a very blurry video.
29:22I think it's actually out of focus.
29:24And it's not actually doing anything.
29:27It's just basically flying away and a bit to the left
29:31and more or less a straight-ish line.
29:34But the thing is, David Fravor's description is very dramatic.
29:36In fact, when Commander David Fravor testified before Congress in 2023,
29:43he described an object that in his 18 years of flying traveled at speeds he'd never seen before.
29:52As we looked around, we saw a white Tic Tac object with a longitudinal axis pointing north-south
29:56and moving very abruptly over the water like a ping-pong ball.
30:01He talks about the object kind of ping-ponging around close to the ocean
30:05and then doing this very difficult synchronized movement up towards the top.
30:12I'm gonna tie it off over here.
30:14Mick conducts an experiment based solely on the pilot's eyewitness reports.
30:18Using his backyard swimming pool and his version of the Tic Tac.
30:25Yeah, I made the Tic Tac out of a piece of wood and some bits of white wire and painted it white.
30:29He suspends his Tic Tac over the swimming pool.
30:34About there.
30:38Climbs up a ladder with his phone and starts recording.
30:42So what I set up with the pool demo is just a good illustration of what might have happened
30:49to try to figure out what's actually moving here.
30:52Is this object moving or is the camera moving?
30:56Because we don't have any frame of reference, we've just got the pool behind us
31:01and kind of zoom in a little bit so all you see is the pool.
31:04It really looks like the object is moving.
31:06Even though it's not, it's only the camera that's moving.
31:10It's a good illustration of parallax, which as we know is one of the big causes of optical illusions.
31:19You may have experienced this illusion looking out the window of a train.
31:25The trees just outside the window appear to be moving in relation to the landscape in the background.
31:32But the only thing that's actually moving is you.
31:36We're not reliable. Our eyes are not reliable.
31:40If you're going to court and you're the accused and it's an eyewitness testimony that's gonna, you know, the big evidence against you, good luck.
31:49So when a military aviator, especially someone like Commander Fravor with combat experience, says that they saw something in the sky that they can't quite explain,
32:00that operated in a way that seemed to contradict what they understand the laws of physics would dictate,
32:05they tend to give those witness testimonies a great deal of credence because these aviators are not just highly trained pilots.
32:15They're highly trained combatants.
32:16The pilot observation is, I see something. The data we need is what the sensor is gathering, and that's the numbers we actually need.
32:27In the case of the Tic Tac, the pilot did see something.
32:32But some of the key technical questions hadn't been investigated at the time.
32:36And trying to investigate those now is not going to give us a whole lot because there's nothing to really examine.
32:45The farther back in time you go, the less data there is for every one of these cases.
32:51And back in 2004, there was no data retention policy for these kinds of events.
32:59According to Sean Kirkpatrick, the radar data from the incident no longer exists, so we'll never know if it would support or rule out Mick's parallax theory.
33:14I don't know what we saw, and I refuse to speculate because I think it would be irresponsible of me to say,
33:21you know, well, it was definitely an adversary spying on us, or it was definitely an alien visiting from outer space, because I don't know.
33:32For Alex, that was the end of the Tic Tac story.
33:36And then I went on with my life, my career, and I didn't really think about it.
33:40That is, until 13 years later, when the New York Times published this article with links to the Tic Tac and Gimbal videos.
33:52When the New York Times released this story, it really gave the whole topic a bit of credibility,
33:58where a lot of people saw it as taboo and sort of silly.
34:02But if the U.S. government has been investing tens of millions of dollars into investigating these reports,
34:06there seems like there could be something to it.
34:10People are interested in this topic of UFOs, and Congress has begun to get involved.
34:16There's been a couple of congressional hearings calling expert witnesses to try and figure out what's going on here.
34:23In your belief, is this flying Tic Tac, I mean, is it capable of being the product of any other nation on the Earth?
34:32No, I actually think it defies current material science and the ability to develop that much propulsion.
34:38And I know there's been some physicists have done calculations, which is beyond anything that we have.
34:42Should we be concerned that some UFOs are advanced technologies from out of this world?
34:50Or secret technologies developed by our adversaries?
34:54Or could there be another reason UFOs have remained so elusive for decades?
35:04Remember back in 1947 in Roswell, New Mexico, when a rancher found strange debris in his pasture?
35:13The Air Force said it was from a weather balloon.
35:15But as it turns out, it was part of a classified U.S. military program called Project Mogul.
35:24The Air Force launched these balloons and they had these sensors on them where they can measure vibrations in the air to be able to monitor Russian nuclear testing.
35:33The general in Fort Worth, Texas decided, I'm going to cover up this classified project and I'm going to show the public that what we recovered was a weather balloon.
35:45It would take half a century for the Air Force to admit exactly what had crashed in Roswell.
35:55So there was a cover up, but it was a cover up of a classified project, not, you know, an alien spacecraft.
36:02The secrecy led to the conspiracy and certainly the Air Force did not help themselves by being secret and dismissive of the topic.
36:13When it comes to government cover ups, perhaps the most infamous is Area 51.
36:22Tales of alien spacecraft hidden inside this remote Air Force base about 83 miles northwest of Las Vegas have persisted for decades.
36:33It turns out the military has been secretly developing cutting edge technology here since the 1950s.
36:41But did not even acknowledge the existence of the base until 2013.
36:48There are lots of aircraft we know have been tested at Area 51 entirely in secret at the time, including the F-117, the SR-71, the B-2 Spirit and many more.
37:00Right around the same time the B-2 Spirit was in development, common sightings of UFOs around the United States tended to transition away from the pie saucer shape we were familiar with in earlier decades and toward a more triangular shape.
37:15This is a model of what people claim was the TR-3B, which is a legendary aircraft that people allege was built using reverse engineered alien technology.
37:29By the 1990s, rumors of triangular shaped spacecraft became so widespread they became part of popular culture.
37:38Blockbusters like the X-Files featured a triangular shaped alien spacecraft hovering over Agent Fox Mulder's head.
37:47I think the government should and does expect that the public is going to fill in the blanks as they see fit.
37:55As long as people are talking about aliens operating out of Area 51, well then they're not revealing anything about the legitimate military platforms that are being tested there.
38:05It creates a bit of a smokescreen.
38:07There's always advanced technological programs going on that are on a need to know basis.
38:16If you don't need to know, even if you are a member of the government or the military, you're not going to know.
38:22And that's the way it should be.
38:24This is all about spy versus spy or military versus military to maintain technical superiority.
38:31We don't want other people to learn what we're building, where we might employ it, because then they can defeat it.
38:40There are reasons to do that. None of it is alien. None of it.
38:48I think we are in an era where conspiracy theories are popular. Is this another one?
38:54When it comes to sightings by military pilots and the public, how can science help separate unfounded conspiracy theories from reality?
39:07Fact from fiction.
39:09From the very days that Galileo first lifted his telescope to the sky and made measurements of the moons going around Jupiter,
39:17everybody else could then reproduce those measurements and go, oh, yeah, he's right.
39:21And that confirmation is what has made the scientific method so powerful over the last 400 years.
39:28The thing we need is data. And we need real data. And we don't have it.
39:36In 2022, NASA brought together a group of experts to explore ways to collect that data.
39:43NASA should lead the scientific discourse. We need to elevate this conversation.
39:47The NASA UAP panel was formed to bring that science perspective into this.
39:54That analysis has not been done.
39:56A lot of people argue that we have data, but the vast majority of that data is anecdotal, and that's just not going to cut it.
40:05The panel recommended several ways to collect more data, including repurposing existing technology,
40:11like the National Weather Service's radar system called NEXRAD, radar stations that are found throughout the U.S.
40:20So those same sensors should be able to see if an object comes whizzing through at an extraordinary velocity.
40:26It should be able to pick out that type of thing.
40:28That's just one example of the type of networks that we could repurpose for UAP research.
40:33Astronomer Avi Loeb is taking a different approach, collecting more data in a novel way.
40:43We just constructed an observatory at Harvard University.
40:47We are monitoring objects that fly overhead and trying to make sense of them.
40:53This collection of instruments is part of Harvard's Galileo Project.
40:57The Galileo Project is developing several sites that are spread across a geographical region,
41:05where each site has an array of sensors, optical cameras, infrared images.
41:14There's audio from infrasound to ultrasound.
41:18There's radar.
41:19It's a wide array of instruments to basically look at the sky all the time to see if you find any anomalies.
41:29Some instruments have otherworldly names, like this one called Dalek,
41:35after the cyborg aliens featured in the Doctor Who series.
41:40Inside Dalek, there are eight infrared cameras.
41:44Behind the window, there is a camera. They overlap.
41:49And so they get the full picture of the entire sky at all times, in the infrared.
41:56When something of interest is identified by the main set of cameras, we zoom on it in the sky,
42:04and this is the camera that can move around and look at the object of interest,
42:09automatically based on the computer system that we develop.
42:12You can imagine if you have a camera pointing overhead, you're going to see a lot of things that are identifiable.
42:18So they use machine learning, what people call artificial intelligence,
42:22that can recognize the nodes, recognize the birds, the airplanes, the balloons, leaves,
42:27all the known things, and sort of reject those, filter them out.
42:31And then what you're left with is the anomalies.
42:33You're left with things that you cannot understand, the things you can't identify.
42:36And as we speak right now, we are being recorded.
42:43So far, we have been operating this observatory for several months,
42:48and we saw hundreds of thousands of objects in the sky.
42:52None of them appears to be anomalous.
42:57But even if one in a million came from outside of this earth,
43:03that would be big news to humanity and will change our future.
43:07And that's what drives my science.
43:09One way or another, the more data we're able to bring into this conversation,
43:17the more we're going to be able to get to the truth.
43:19Ryan Graves is trying to collect data from a different source,
43:24his fellow pilots, military and commercial.
43:28But there's a problem.
43:31They're hesitant to share their experiences because of the taboo surrounding UFOs.
43:38They don't feel comfortable reporting because of that fear
43:41that there could be professional repercussions at their employer,
43:45social repercussions with their peers at the airline.
43:48Because the conversation immediately jumps to,
43:51well, there's no proof there's extraterrestrials.
43:53You couldn't travel across the universe to get here.
43:55And it's like, whoa, whoa, whoa.
43:56Pilots are seeing things that are in the sky that they don't understand what they are
44:01and are posing safety risks.
44:03That's where the conversation needs to stop.
44:05And hey, is this not only an aviation safety risk,
44:07but is this a potential national security risk?
44:13So I was asking pilots whether they have encountered the UIP,
44:18and they were very cagey about it.
44:21Aviation and space psychologist Ia Whiteley
44:24is working with Ryan, conducting research to find out if this reluctance to talk about UAP sightings
44:32also impacts a pilot's ability to focus on the job, creating a safety issue.
44:38When the pilot's seeing something, I want to make sure that they're comfortable speaking about it
44:42because it then occupies their capacity and focus and attention and takes them away from actually flying.
44:50If you're trying to ignore something unidentified in a distance, your mind is still thinking,
44:56I'm not thinking about it, I'm not thinking about it, I'm not thinking about it, I'm not thinking about it, I'm not thinking about it.
45:00And now they don't see what they need to be seeing.
45:01You were just asking about visual cues and what attacks your attention, movement is what attacks your attention.
45:11Commercial pilots have been seeing objects that have been causing them some serious consternation.
45:17I don't think anyone would like their pilot flying their aircraft to have an existential crisis
45:21as they're flying their aircraft and coming in for a landing.
45:26The more cases we can explain, the less distraction there's going to be.
45:31And if there is actually any real threat or any real issue out there, then we can focus in on that without all this extra noise.
45:38And there's another way we can collect more data, with a little help from the public.
45:43They all seem like they're going sideways.
45:48In the Lower East Side of Manhattan, at Enigma Labs, a staff of software designers and UFO enthusiasts are developing a first-of-its-kind crowdsourcing app.
45:59The goal is really to bring people together to share their UIP experiences and their sightings.
46:05You know, if people don't have a place to talk about this or report what they're seeing, I think they can feel really lonely and feel very isolated.
46:13When in reality, this is a huge community of people who should be able to come somewhere and talk about what they're seeing.
46:19So, we're collecting sighting reports.
46:22We get a lot of Starlink and SpaceX rocket videos.
46:26But at the same time, people are submitting things that cannot be explained.
46:30This time I've got one that I can't figure out, maybe you can help me out.
46:34This is really cool.
46:36Just this light comes floating in, and then it hovers, but wait.
46:40But why does this-
46:41It came down slowly, right?
46:42Yeah.
46:43Those are fireworks, Isaac, right?
46:44Those are probably fireworks.
46:45Probably smoke rising up.
46:46Mm-hmm.
46:47And smoke rising up.
46:48Mm-hmm.
46:49But in just a second, it will get weirder.
46:53What?
46:54Isn't that weird?
46:55It gets brighter and brighter.
46:56Oh, it's getting brighter?
46:57Yeah, it keeps getting brighter.
46:59And it's a broad beam of light.
47:02So it's not a star.
47:03So what do you think about maybe drone?
47:05But I mean, look how still it is.
47:07It doesn't have blinking lights.
47:08I mean, it doesn't look like a drone.
47:11So let's fast forward a little.
47:15Oh, it's rising up.
47:16It's rising up.
47:17Yeah.
47:18It kind of gets dimmer.
47:19And I'm watching the camera.
47:20The camera's not moving.
47:21And it rises up.
47:22It's rising back up.
47:23Interesting.
47:24This is a good one.
47:25I don't know.
47:26I don't know what that is.
47:28Apps like this provide the public with a place to share their sightings.
47:32But could one day be a source of data for scientists to study?
47:37We're not relying just on, did you see something?
47:40We're asking your cell phone to make a measurement.
47:44It's going to record the position of the phone on the planet,
47:47because we all have GPS's in it.
47:49And because it has a little compass in it,
47:51it will also tell us what direction we're looking at.
47:53So we can actually do scientific experiments with actual data,
47:58because our modern cell phones are so good now at recording numbers.
48:03The more data, the better.
48:05The more sightings, the more eyes we get on something that's truly anomalous,
48:10the closer we get to maybe answering that question.
48:13What is it?
48:19Alex Dietrich has learned from first-hand experience
48:22that for many people, data alone is not enough.
48:26The topic is so charged, because there are so many conspiracies,
48:31and it's such a, you know, it does something to people's brains
48:36when you say UFO.
48:38At the University of Colorado Boulder, Alex is trying to change that.
48:44So this is the helmet that I was wearing.
48:46You're welcome to try to put it in.
48:48Using her experience as a way to teach students
48:51how to separate fact from fiction.
48:55What is it about UFOs?
48:58What do we know?
49:00And how do we know it?
49:01What I find is that some of my students
49:03have been going down those Reddit thread rabbit holes,
49:07working themselves up into a lather
49:09with salacious headlines for content and clickbait.
49:14If you're reading an article about UFOs,
49:16what do we look for when we are looking at our sources?
49:19I hope they will be more discerning when they consume media going forward,
49:26that they will question where the information that they're getting comes from.
49:30Because I want to advocate for us to all take a deep breath
49:34and to come to this subject with a lens of critical thinking.
49:40Critical thinking, people.
49:42Let's all, let's all apply critical thinking.
49:47And that brings us back to the million dollar questions.
49:54Could this be extraterrestrial technology?
49:59What would it take for a spacecraft to come from a distant world?
50:04A very important question that we need to be asking today when investigating UAP
50:09is whether or not, even if there are advanced alien civilizations out there,
50:14if they have the means to actually reach us.
50:17Three, two, one.
50:20Consider this.
50:21One of the fastest spacecrafts ever launched.
50:24NASA's New Horizons took nine years and five months to reach Pluto.
50:30Pluto, three billion miles away.
50:33Getting to the closest star system with a planet that might harbor life
50:38would take that tiny spacecraft a whopping 80,000 years.
50:44The universe is so unfathomably large.
50:47There's a hundred billion stars in our Milky Way
50:50and there's a hundred billion galaxies in the observable universe.
50:54That's 10 to the 22, one with 22 zeros on it with a number of stars.
51:01And the distances between stars is incredibly vast.
51:07I have not seen any evidence that we have been visited.
51:11I think it's still worth looking for evidence
51:14because we can't conclusively demonstrate that we have not been visited.
51:19Half of the time scale the galaxy has existed, there was no planet Earth.
51:24So that's plenty of time for life to have evolved
51:27and technological life to develop on another planet.
51:30The answer is get more data.
51:33We need much, much more data.
51:35And the way you're going to get more data
51:37is that you're going to have more eyes on the sky.
51:39UFOs have been a part of our culture for decades.
51:44They've been the subject of curiosity,
51:48but rarely the subject of serious scientific investigation.
51:53But that is changing.
51:56I think it's critical to be open-minded,
51:59don't be dismissive, and search for the data like any good scientist.
52:03What I think is important is that we are collecting
52:05more than just the eyewitness accounts,
52:07but that we also have the right hardware in place
52:10for things that will be seen today, tomorrow,
52:14so that we don't sit here and bicker about what happened 20 years ago.
52:20How many years ago?
52:21How many years ago?
52:50let's design our current intelligence соенной,
52:53where we're trying to say it!
53:04How many years ago?
53:05It was strongграничistic of which we were creating
53:07and building ideas from those science's applications...
53:09But for us, what happened with the conversation
53:10and savings that we knew was tricks
53:13and from the perspective that we were three months ago
53:14and pretty much later we met before us
53:16and again, we are with the special cuent
Recomendado
1:40
|
A Seguir
2:02
0:51
0:18
0:26
2:18
46:17
2:08
45:06
41:35
1:20
5:03
3:25