HMPV (Human Metapneumovirus) is a respiratory virus that belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family. Discovered in 2001, it is a common cause of respiratory infections, particularly in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
1. Transmission: - Spread primarily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. - Can also spread through direct contact with contaminated surfaces or hands.
2. Symptoms: - Mild cases: Fever, cough, nasal congestion, and sore throat (similar to a common cold). - Severe cases: Wheezing, difficulty breathing, bronchitis, or pneumonia, especially in high-risk groups.
3. Risk Groups: - Infants and young children. - Older adults. - People with weakened immune systems. - Individuals with chronic lung or heart conditions.
4. Seasonality: - HMPV infections are more common in late winter and early spring, similar to other respiratory viruses.
5. Diagnosis: - Confirmed via laboratory tests, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or antigen detection from respiratory samples.
6. Treatment: - There is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. - Supportive care: Hydration, fever control, and oxygen therapy for severe cases.
7. Prevention: - Good hygiene: Frequent handwashing and avoiding close contact with sick individuals. - Cleaning and disinfecting commonly touched surfaces. - Wearing masks to reduce transmission, particularly during outbreaks.
Comparison with Other Viruses: HMPV often presents similarly to other respiratory viruses like RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus), influenza, or rhinoviruses but is less well-known. It is one of the leading causes of acute respiratory infections in children after RSV.
