00:00What was inside this 4,500-year-old pyramid, 480 feet above the ground,
00:07which researchers sent inside a robotic camera pyramid just to see?
00:13At one place, the robotic camera stopped because now there was a stone slab in front of it.
00:19Researchers believed that there is some secret behind this slab that has been buried for the last 4,500 years.
00:27They wanted to know this secret at all costs, so they put a drill machine in front of the robot,
00:33which made a fine hole in the slab of that stone.
00:37Now a camera was sent inside this hole, which saw such a scene across the slab,
00:43which no one had seen for the last 4,500 years.
00:47Welcome back to Zem TV's videos.
00:50There are a total of 138 highest pyramids in Egypt,
00:55which have faced dozens of earthquakes and many dangerous storms in the past thousands of years.
01:01But how dare any of them have gone from here to there?
01:05The highest and largest of these is called the Great Pyramid of Giza,
01:10and the base area of this pyramid is 13 acres.
01:14That is, surprisingly, not one or two, but nine football fields can easily fit inside this pyramid.
01:22According to an estimate, a total of 2.3 million large stones were used in this pyramid,
01:27many of which weighed 50 tons.
01:30If we estimate its total weight, then the weight of this pyramid is 600,000 tons,
01:36which is equal to the weight of 12 Burj Khalifa.
01:39But what was the purpose of making such tall and magnificent pyramids?
01:44Thousands of years ago, when humans did not even have any tools,
01:48how were the walls of these pyramids leveled inch by inch?
01:53How were 50 tons of heavy stones cut into a square shape and brought to a height of 480 feet without a crane?
02:01And who were the engineers involved in making these pyramids,
02:05who set these pyramids and the earth at an angle of exactly 51.5 degrees along with a proof?
02:14You will be able to know all this in today's video.
02:17So let's get started.
02:18Challenge No. 1
02:19For centuries, various research teams have been working hard to understand the construction technique of this pyramid,
02:26that after all, how exactly each side of this pyramid would have been set on the north, south, east and west without a compass.
02:34Many experts believe that the architects of that time must have first searched for such a land
02:40that could bear the weight of millions of tons of heavy stones.
02:43After that, the polar stars, i.e. the stars with which the poles of the earth are detected,
02:49with their help, each side of the pyramid was marked.
02:53No compass and no optical instrument.
02:56Only with this basic technique, the direction of this pyramid was set thousands of years ago,
03:01and that too with zero errors.
03:04Challenge No. 2
03:05The next challenge was to level the ground.
03:08The 13-acre land on which this pyramid was to be built,
03:11if its level was even a little bit out,
03:13it was not at all possible to stand on this mountain of 23 lakh stones.
03:19To level this land, the engineers of that time neither had a laser leveler nor a bubble level.
03:26Experts believe that the construction site would have been dug on all four sides and water would have been put in it.
03:33And then the water level on one side would have been matched with the water level on the other side.
03:39The part of the land that would not match the water level,
03:42would have been leveled by cutting it with the help of chisels and hammers.
03:47Many experts believe that the ancient Egyptians also used this simple tool,
03:53which has a stone tied with a rope on both sides of the wood and right in the center of it.
03:59If the stone touches the ground and its rope is coming right on the center line,
04:04it means that the ground in the middle is perfectly leveled.
04:09Challenge No. 3
04:10Now the directions were set on the pyramid construction site,
04:13the markings were also done and the level of the ground was also set.
04:17Now it was time to start the construction for which lakhs of tons of heavy and large stones were required.
04:24But neither did they have a grinder nor jackhammers to cut these stones.
04:29But still they cut 50 tons of heavy stones and gave them a square or rectangle shape.
04:36But with whose help?
04:39Yes, it was just a tool with which the stones were cut.
04:44Experts believe that the chisel used in the construction of the pyramid was not made of only copper.
04:51Because they also knew that copper is soft and cannot cut stones.
04:56That's why a chemical arsenic was also added to it.
05:00This chisel made of copper and arsenic was hammered on the stones with the help of wooden hammers
05:06and after many hours of hard work, large stones were brought in shape.
05:12Challenge No. 4
05:13Now, since this special type of stone, which is called limestone today,
05:17was being cut from the pyramid construction site Giza, 250 km away in the city of Tora.
05:24Now the problem was to transport this stone to Giza.
05:27Each stone was equal to 50 tons, i.e. 50,000 kg, which is equal to the weight of about 3 passenger buses.
05:35And such 23,000,000 stones were to be used in just one pyramid.
05:40In that era, no animal could be used to transport so much weight, and neither did they have trucks.
05:48So, if this work had to be done in the modern era of today,
05:52the transport companies would have a very tough time.
05:56Surprisingly, this work was done with the help of workers and boats.
06:01Yes, the river between Tora and Giza was taken advantage of
06:05and large boats were loaded with stones and brought to the pyramid site.
06:10Experts believe that this work was not so easy.
06:13In the loading and unloading of such large stones in ships,
06:17at least 500 laborers' armies must have been deployed at the same time.
06:22Challenge No. 5
06:24The teams of experts who were researching the construction of the pyramid
06:28had now got answers to their many questions.
06:31But one thing was bothering them all the time that limestone was cut,
06:36transported, and during construction, one upon the other was also started.
06:41The problem was how the stones would have been brought to such a height.
06:46Many experts believe that this plan was made before the construction of the pyramid.
06:51Either they would have gone up through a spiral track or zigzag.
06:56But it is certain that 50,000 kg stones would have been pulled up by the help of the laborers' army.
07:05Challenge No. 6
07:06It was not just a matter of millions of laborers cutting limestone with a chaining hammer
07:10and transporting such large stones.
07:14In this pyramid, there were compartments, a way to go inside them, and many small tunnels.
07:21Everything else was fine, but one thing surprised the experts.
07:25And that was that the stone used in the compartments inside was not limestone but granite.
07:32Yes, granite is such a stone that after diamond is considered the hardest stone in the world.
07:39Even in today's modern era, granite can only be cut with the help of large grinders.
07:45Many archaeological experts from all over the world were also visited the pyramid.
07:50But no one found a clue as to how the Egyptians cut granite such a hard stone so cleanly 4,500 years ago.
08:00Finally, after many years, the experts also solved this mystery.
08:05The Egyptians cut granite so cleanly with such a sieve that it had no teeth.
08:11Yes, it was weighed on both sides of this sieve without teeth,
08:15it was run on granite, and a ring was put in the middle.
08:19Experts believe that it took four months to cut such a big stone in this way.
08:26After all, what was the purpose of making pyramids?
08:29How many laborers worked at the same time to make these pyramids?
08:34And when the robotic camera dug a hole in the stone slab inside the pyramid,
08:38what was seen inside it that no one had seen for the last 4,500 years?
08:45All this and more you will know in part 2 of this video.
08:50Thank you very much for your loving comments and likes.
08:54See you in the next great part of the video.
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