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00:00Hi friends, today we will learn about the 10 dependent clauses. So let's start.
00:10In our previous section, we have already learned that there are two types of clauses, independent
00:18clauses and dependent clauses. Independent clauses are those clauses that express a complete
00:27thought or idea and can stand on their own. For example, John wants to be an engineer,
00:36so he is pursuing higher studies in an engineering college. Here we have two independent clauses
00:46in this sentence. First one is, John wants to be an engineer. Second one is, he is pursuing
00:55in an engineering college. Both of these clauses can stand on their own as a sentence. So these
01:03are independent clauses and they are separated by a comma followed by a conjunction. Now let's
01:12learn about the 10 dependent clauses. Dependent clauses are of three types, noun clauses,
01:21adjective clauses, and adverb clauses. First of all, let's learn about noun clauses. The
01:32clauses that begin with the words such as how, that, what, whatever, when, where, whether,
01:42which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, and why are called noun clauses. They are called
01:52noun clauses because they act as nouns in sentences. Let's have a look at some example.
02:00Whoever invented this machine is a genius. Here the clause, whoever invented this machine,
02:08is a noun clause as it is acting as a noun and it's in the position of subject in the sentence.
02:16Now you can easily confirm whether it's a noun clause or not by replacing the whole noun clause
02:25by he or she as the whole noun clause is referring to a person. And if the sentence still sounds
02:34sensible, then your answer is correct. He is a genius. She is a genius. Yes, the sentence
02:44sounds sensible. So this clause is a noun clause. Here we have another example. Why the teacher
02:54punished her remains a mystery to me. Now what's the noun clause here? Why the teacher punished her
03:02seems to be a noun clause and it is acting as the noun and lies in position of the subject.
03:10Let's confirm. Replace the noun clause with the word it. It remains a mystery to me. Wow,
03:20this sentence is still correct. So the clause, why the teacher punished her, is a noun clause
03:28here. Now let's learn about the next type of dependent clauses, that is, adjective clauses.
03:36Adjective clauses act as adjectives in a sentence. And what do adjectives do in a sentence? The
03:46adjectives modify the nouns in a sentence. For example, this is a cute dog. Here the word cute
03:56is an adjective and it is describing the noun dog. That is what adjective clauses do in a
04:04sentence. They describe the nouns that come just before them. For example, the dog which is black
04:12and white in color is very cute. Here the clause, which is black and white in color,
04:19is describing the noun just before it. So it is an adjective clause. Adjective clauses
04:28generally begin with the words like who, which, that, etc. Now let's see some more examples and
04:37identify the adjective clauses in them. The boy who is standing near the elevator might be Ryan's
04:44cousin. Here the clause, who is standing near the elevator, is describing the noun the boy. So it
04:52is an adjective clause. These are the situations that try a man's strength. Here the clause,
05:01that try a man's strength, is describing the noun the situations. So it is an adjective clause.
05:09The dress which is lying on the bed is my favorite. Here the clause, which is lying on
05:18the bed, is describing the noun the dress. So it is an adjective clause. The man who is standing
05:27outside the door yesterday was a salesman. Here the clause, who is standing outside the door
05:33yesterday, is describing the noun the man. So it is an adjective clause. So the clauses that
05:42describe the nouns just before them are called adjective clauses. Now let's learn about the last
05:51type of dependent clauses, that is adverb clauses. Adverb clauses acts as adverbs in a sentence. What
06:02do adverbs do in a sentence? We have learned that the adverbs modify the verbs in a sentence. For
06:10example, the mouse quickly ran towards the hole. Here the word quickly is an adverb as it modifies
06:19or describes the verb ran. How did the mouse run? The mouse ran quickly. So the verb quickly is an
06:30adverb in the sentence. Adverb clauses also perform the same function as adverbs. They modify
06:38or describe verbs in a sentence. Now let's have a look at examples. He stayed away from his
06:47classmates because he thought they were a bad company. Here the clause, he thought they were
06:54a bad company, is describing the action of staying away from the classmates. So it is an adverb
07:01clause. Adverb clauses usually begin with the words such as because, when, whereas, as though,
07:11even if, unless, till, as if, etc. Now let's see some example sentences and identify adverb clauses
07:21in them. He talks as though he has seen it all. Here the clause, as though he has seen it all,
07:30is describing the action of talking. So it is an adverb clause. I will go even if they forbid me.
07:39Here the clause, even if they forbid me, is describing the action of going. So it is an
07:47adverb clause. I like to read whereas my sister likes to dance. Here the clause, whereas my sister
07:56likes to dance, is describing the action of liking. So it is an adverb clause. Unless you work hard,
08:05you won't succeed. Here the clause, unless you work hard, is describing the action of succeeding.
08:14So it is an adverb clause. So we learned about three types of dependent clauses,
08:21noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses. Noun clauses acts as nouns, adjective
08:32clauses acts as adjectives, and adverb clauses acts as adverbs. Now you may go ahead and take
08:39a quiz to learn more. Bye-bye.